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The

Communist

The Communist Youth
International: Activities
1924-1928

Young Communist International
1928 New York: YCLUSA

250p.

REPORT 01? ACTIVITY BETWEEN
THE 4TH AND 5TH CONGRESS

1924 - 1928

PRICE $1.00

Published by

YOUNG WORKERS (COMMUNIST) LEAGUE OF AMfiRIC
41 East li'Sth Street New York, N\ V,

THE

YOUNG COMMUNIST
INTERNATIONAL

The

YOUNG COMMUNIST
INTONATION AY

BETWEEN THE FOURTH

and fifth congresses

1924-1928

l, ^

CoiiuiumYl Party "i Great

Kill^ St., L mV till IliUllvn,

Britain,

\YA-\*.

Published JM-S’

The Di*rrit Prc*** (TJ\), fiv7nt Jamt Snvri,

Loculim, S.IC, l.

Contents

PART OXI5

Thu Political Background of the Activity erf the Y.C.L
during the last Four Years -

Campaigns a ntl Activities of the YA\L *

I he Ufslu ol the Ynun« Communist Leagues in the
Inner- Parly Discussions *

1’hc Fight Agaiit t Imperialist War mid Militarism

The Fight for tlte l " n i led Front -

Leading the Struggle lor the Demands am; Interests of
the Young Workers -

With the 'South **t the IvisUrrn mid Colonial Countries
in the Fight again >t hit per tali. mu -

Agitation and Propaganda ------

\ciivitv Among the Young Workers * tlu 0*untrvside

Our Fight Against the <)pj>nsing < Organisations -

The YAM. arid the Xon-Paru Mass Organisations -

The Y,C.l. and the Flections *

Communist Children's Movement -

The Activitr **l the PrcMdiuiu ot the l.A. of Y.C*T. -

Sessions of the Plenary and Kiikirged Kxecutive -
Central l%ur< Coil ft relive <»! tile N .0.!. *

1 nicriutlional Ory.misitlioual OmUi'cnce
The V.C.l, nml Internal tmtal Youtlt l>av

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* 35

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CUNTHMS

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Italy •

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Sweden *

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C.S.A* *

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Austria -

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UaUu States -

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^39

PARI I.

T he Political Background of the Activity
of the Y.C.I. During the last Four Years

lit tli»* activities of the V.C.f. (luring flu years

19^4^8, h is fu si fjf all nn ts\;tr y h* review the |'<*nenil political
dci%lop(IH;(lt w liii h look place during this period* The Fifth
Wo? hi < nn^trss oi e hi ( otnmhTn itnik pi. tt r iificr the defeat of
1*123 1,1 (■iTiiMnj had IlGBimc a hut, and after capitalism in Ger-
many aiul other countries was about to start a counter olTcnskc,
underlak ing the first stop*, to stabilise its economic and poll! it a!
power through suppression of the working-class movement' am)
attacks against the workers' standards of living. I his policy
was, however, hidden by all sorts of p.o ifist phrases, Iks a use in
Filmland a! that lime live labour Party had come into power,
and pretcmkal to usher in an era of ** peaceful dev rlnfimcnt
throughout the whole world, l he elfcct h of this “* peaceful era 11

were to become felt immediately, in llrrmatu the Dawes Plan

* #

was announced, and under this slogan German economy was pul
under the control of \nglo-Atncrican capitalism. 1 hr MacDonald
Government stum proved its- If very clearly to be an imperialist
government, This was shown still more clearly by its scandalous
downfall, brought ids ml bv the so-called Zinoviev letter. This
episode caused, however, the Hnglish working-class movement
to mo\ e vi n slroiiglv to the Left. t lie expression of t hi'* was a
growing sympathy for the Soviet Cninn, ami the creation of the

Anclii-Uussian I tiiii Committee-

- - *

The Knlarged Kwcutivr of the I'nittintiTn, at its sessions in
the spring of 10**5, whilst uniting out the fact of the capitalist
stabilisation, showed at the same time its unstable temporary
charac irrt

1 his I denary Ivxe*uthe also accepted the thesis of Hul-
sllevisation of the Communist Parlies, which represented an
extract of Lcnm*s teaching on the role of tin* ( omrnunist Parties
and ihc Collective experience'* of all sections of the Comintern.

hi May, 11*25* a new fore* entered the arena of international
class siuiggjr with unexpech d whcinemv* I his was the Chinese
proletariat, whh h, awakened by the dunilings in Shanghai, was
brought into life streets and the open struggle. This open fight
of die t hiiiese proletariat against the imperialists, side by side
with the uprising, and ihe tenacious struggles of the suppressed
peoples in Morocco against French imperialism, considerably
increased the danger of a new war, 1 lie imperialists piled up

YMl’NV, COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL 1

armaments and t>n-|Wirc«t «»‘*rv »»*l •""« frantically for a war
»S| tin- Sovk-I Union a.i.l the oppremd nation^ but this only t.

;X,!lol m .In- I m— 1 ■>» “*'»‘»K

,m,n clrarl v to a realisation uf the importance of tin- national

liberation movements of colonial peoples, and, at the same imw

„u-ir sympathies towards U» Soviet Union, which had entered
ihr enoen of Socialist construction, growing stronger and I
si roncer. A whole army of workers* dclt-gattomv Visited the!

Soviet Union, and their reixirl> confirmed very strikingly t ie cor-
recting of the policy of the Soviet (iovernmenl, the IMshwik

Parties, ami ihc Comintern. 1

lliu feeling of depression, winch showed itself after the
defeat of niij, began to disappear, A movement towards the
l.ufl ttii the part ttl i he (Vtft&SCS of European workers her a me
visible* This new situation presented new tasks for the i om-
niums! Party. vi*., to give a correct lead to the masses by an
extensive use of the ladies *>f the united front ; by harnessing
their sympathies towards the Soviet Union* so as to mobilise!
them in a struggle against the war danger, as well as in a
struggle for economic demands.

The struggle for the Bolshevism! ion of the Communist
Parties received a new impetus and new meaning* and brought
about very positive results* particularly in Germany* 1 he leader-
ship of Ma slow and Ruth Fisher* which had come to the top of
the German Party because of ihe defeat of 1923, proved itself at|
that period to be complclel) bankrupt and unable to lead the
party in a Bolshevik sense. For this reason they were removed
by the German Partv and the Comintern supported this change
of policy in the C\1\G. bv issuing tin Open Letter to the mem-
bership id the Party, which very strongly criticised the mistakes
of the Ma*luw-Fishcr leadership*

Towards the end of that year a new danger in the Comintern
became apparent. Thi> was the so-called new opposition in live
i ,1** of the Soviet Union, which for the first time showed itself
openly at the Fourteenth Party Congress, and which later on
went through such a fateful development* The appearance of
this opposition was mainly caused through the difficulties of
Socialist construction, which at this period became clearly visible
for l fie first time*

The Enlarged Executive in the spring of 1926 made a

thorough examination of capitalist stabilisation and showed vfiffl

drarlv its unstable, shakablc character. Tlie stabilisation crisis.

which occurred in France at that lime, proved the correctness of
the criticism.

Ihis Executive session very strongly condemned the ultra*

ROUTICAU BACKGROUND ^

l.rft opposition in the Communist l*«rtv of Germany and cun-
fintifd the course adopted by the IS.C.C.I. in Germany,

Iht* year Mj.-n was overshadowed by the great struggle of
the British working class. On the isi of May millions of British
workers entered Ihe general strike in sympathy w ith the locked out
ntiiu-rs. Although this General Strike was very quickly betrayed
by its leaders ami the mine workers, left to themselves, had to
light In the end mid suffer a defeat, nevertheless this struggle,
unequalled in tin history of Great Britain, met with magni-
tievnt response from the whole world, and had great results for
ilu- British world ng-elass movement. The Itr iii-.ii reformists who
wrapped themselves up to (his time in Left phrases, proved them-
selves to Ik- mean traitors, who helped the British capitalists to
smash the struggling working class. When the trade union
movement of the U.S.S.R.. which was connected with them
through 1 lie Anglo-Kussian Unity Commit lci% very strongly criti-
cised this polity of betrayal, the British reformists forced the
Break with the trade unions of the Soviet Union, in order to do
a favour In the Conservative Government. All this, however,
resulted in a further radtcalisat ion of the British working class.
Broader masses of British workers began to recognise the real
face of reformism, and to rally under the revolutionary banners
of the Communist Party and Minority Movement.

■ m

I [u'-sr i KX'ur fences in England were used by the opposition in
the C.P* of I he Soviet l nion in order to strengthen their attacks
against the Bolshevik leadership t»f the Party and the policy of
l lie Corn intern* They finally went so far that t licit* representa-
tives open I v broke Party discipline anti tried to force a discussion
in the This the tenders of the new Trot ski si opposition

did not achieve. I he C.P.S*l\ unanimously repelled their
attacks, siuocl united behind the Bolshevik Central Committee*
and at the Fifteenth Party Congress condemned the opposition as

a Social Democratic deviation. The Plenary Executive of tl*c

rntumji'rn in November, December, i<^6t strongly supported this
estimation of the Pat tv Congress of the C.P.S.F* and drew its
conclusions also for cither countries, particularly Germany* where
an end was made to the Ma slow- Ruth Fisher group* who were
expelled from the Party for ootintcr-revulut ionary activities*

This Enlarged Executive also did some other important
Work. It drew its conclusions from the great struggle of the
British Working class and gave in si met ions accordingly for the

future activity of the British section-

■#

In addition* for the first time in the Comintern* the problems
of tfu* Chinese Revolution were verv thoroughly analysed. The
( hinese was dealt with In a period when the new upward

rising of the Chinese Revolution resulted in the victorious

YOUNG COMMUNIST INTliRNATIONAI.

ntlvn(U*c of Contom-so arnm-s toward. Wolwn. The ■l- «* »' *'«
; MM «• Cttmm Rtvolul.oo at llus |>.r,o, ... W

„ Zro-ois di-imH-ratic revolution. They HflfM «» »!'k “f

w-h the achievement of the .lemocnutc .l.cfa ors ,p

rf”lW I ’arty : for Us e,,«H>«ram,n in Ihe Kuonun-
uuuV l-artv and Governing. (in which it must attempt to real, sc
the lending r6!e of the proletariat), and for the del t- opment of a
broad peasants’ movement with the agrarian revolution ns ns

object*

' The year 1027 was also completely overshadowed by the

strueL'Ies of the Chinese Revolution. First came the victor, ous
* - r ~ cii'm.rh n r.twt tlif triumnh of rcvolu-

imperialists in their war plans against the Soviet l nion, i nt,
English Conservatives thought the moment opportune to bring
about a break of relations with the Soviet I'nion. Hi rough a
senes of provocations they tried to draw the Soviet l man into
warlike conflicts*

The Plenary Executive of the Comintern in May, 1927, had,
therefore, to deal in the first place with the question of the serious
danger of imperialist war, and to lay down the tasks of the fight
against the warmongers. It also analysed the situation in China,
drew attention to the most important defects of the Chinese
Party, and set, as the most important task of the working class
of ah countries, the rallying to the assistance of the Chinese
Revolution in its difficult position* Shortly after this session,
for the first time for many years, Europe witnessed anew an
armed struggle in the streets of one of ils centres: the heroic
uprising of the proletariat of Vienna against Fascist reaction.
The fights in the streets of Vienna revealed like lightning the
position of the capitalist world, the whole shaky foundation of its
stabilisation* and the enormous revolutionary forces of the pro-
letariat.

The events in China began to move very rapidly and only a
few weeks after the victory of the counter-re volution the leader-
ship of the Communist Party of China revealed its complete
bankruptcy and kick of ability* The Comintern, therefore,
insisted with firmness that a change in the leadership of the
Party and its policy lie brought about* This was carried through
by the Party, The Communist Party of China realized its mis-

POLITICAL BACKGROUND 5

lakes* treated a new revolutionary parly leadership and
approached the solution of its new tasks — the organisation of
the armed uprising against the counter-revotulionarv Kuamin-
tang— under the most difficult conditions.

1 hough it should Ik1 clear to everybody that the policy of
the Comintern in China was absolutely correct, and that mistakes
have happened only where ihe line laid down by ihe Sixth En-
larged Plenum has not been carried out, the Trotskisf opposition
in the t . P.S, l .* which in the meantime had established connec-
tions with the different oppositional i lements in the other parties*
and which had become active again, tried to utilise ihe difficulties
of the Chinese Revolution for its struggle against the Bolshevik
leadership of the t * P.S, V, and the Comintern. ’I he opposition
intensified its fight more and more and finally went to unheard
*>f methods. On the day when the revolutionary proletariat cele-
brated tlic Tenth Anniversary of the Soviet Union the opposition
brought the struggle into the streets and tried to appeal to the
non -Party elements and the enemies of the Party against the
policy of the Party* This was clearly an open breach with the
Parly and a n mnier-revolut innary action entailing all the conse-
quences of such action. As mi* h it was stamped by the C.P.SAT,
bv the Comintern, and bv all revolutionarv workers.

The Trot ski opposition was removed from the C-P.S.C,
ami all other sections of the Comintern. The corresponding
decisions c>f the Fifteenth Party Congress of the C.P.S.U.* and
later on of the Plenum the Comintern met with unanimous
approval and support from all sections of the Communist Inter-
nal tonal.

The Plenum of the Executive of the Comintern, which
assembled in February* 1928, finally liquidated Trot ski sm in the

ranks of the Comintern and anrh sed ver\ careullv the Inter-

# ■ *

national situation ant! the tasks of the most important parties.
The Plenum stated that a general sharpening of the international
situation a^ 21 result of I lie intensified attacks and increased arma-
ments of the imperialists against the Soviet Cn ion, and cor-
respondingly an increased struggle of reformists and the
capitalist governments against the Communist movement had
(liken place.

This sharpening of the general situation had caused a further
increasing radii ali sat ion of the working class, thus offering very
good opportunities for the work of the Communist movement.
From this the Plenum drew the necessary conclusions, and
instructed the Communist Parties to increase their work among
the masses ; no! to draw back a single step fiom the reformists,
but to proceed to a counter-offensive against them, and partieu-

You Nr. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

kirly to snuggle in the trade unions in order la free them from
reformist influence ami win revolutionary positions

IThe rieiuim also Ilk id down tactics for the two most im-
portant sections til the Comintern -the British and the French,
It dccickd on a movement to the left in the policy of these two
parties, as a clear expression of our intensified fight against
reformism. This tactic should particularly express itself in the
elections. The I Arties will in the future definitely refuse to
support social demoenute candidates unless the latter declare
themselves <piiic dearly In favour of our programme of action ami
for the united front of the working class.

The Plenum of the Executive again dealt with the Chinese
situation, and decided on directives for the Chinese Party; based
on the rich experience of last year's struggles. The Canton
uprising, and a series of peasant uprisings in various provinces,
have shown that the Chinese Revolution not only goes on, but
develops further, and gathers new strength. The Communist
Part\ hum also Warn to prepare and lead these uprisings correctly
through better work amongst the masses, in order to avoid the
mistakes of the past.

1 he developments since i\n: last Plenum id the Comintern
have Confirmed the perspectives, which were set in the Plenum
decisions, I he International situation becomes increasingly
sharp, \ he imperialists conduct a systematic attack against
the Soviet Union, The continuous slanderous attacks in the
bourgeois papers of ail countries; the British intrigues in all
parts of the world, instigated for the sole purpose of drawing the
Soviet Union into war, and of creating a unified anti-Soviet block
of the capitalist countries; the refusal to accept the proposals of
the Soviet Government at the Geneva session of the so-called
armament conferences; and the recently delected great counter-
revolutionary plot in the Don Basin, show quite clearly the trend
of development. A new war against the first workers' and
peasants’ State is being prepared hy the imperialists. Side by

shiv With tins go the persecutions of the revolutionary Communist
movements in all countries.

The masses of workers begin to realise this development more
i h-arly. to free themselves from reformist influences and pay more
attention to our Communist slogans. The Communist Parties
m the most important coumr.es visibly make threat progress Thr

' ’ “ ? sinking mmpk of tilts. Tlic complete bankruptcy

1SST6

movement m

Politic a i, hackoround

i JttUtsrzis:? rssfir? v—

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£?& trasses r'r *• •«•**.«

\r t ' i . * I wring- I he Lest four vteir* Ti*is

i .Ul,, i tuna in mg true rn iu fr-t i;*’ / \ *n live

Ku.ikI of the young workers of the whole ^voWd'an O ”* ,hC /*/*!
best sections of the Cominicrn I,- , - , . . s or,c ot <*ic

si rubles related nbove and haa n. .**..?* ^ pojici paled in the
— ,«heninK the nwoit)l^Jnr(^: $£?*£» «**-«>»

revolutionary proletariat. 1 °n,,nun,st Int<^

, !r , ^fiance of the work and stnieoJe of ih» V c • i •

: ■"> .» t «<

fiH'ls <* ««* «~l in the n tost if ££*£

Campaigns and Activities oi the Y.C.I.

The feverish arming of the imperialists, the systematic pre.
partitions a new war against the Soviet Union, the liberation
movement of the oppressed notions ngninst Anu rinm, English,

„ml l.ipanese imperialism, the war in Morocco and Syria ngainst
„ h Imperialism, the Struggle for control in the Mediterranean
on tlve part of Fascist Italy, nil these determined the particular 1
character of the Struggle* of the YAM. in the period under re*
vjcw The increased repression against our illegal Leagues and
the many vic tims of White Terror demanded an increased fight

against reaction,

THf EVENTS IN CHINA AND MOROCCO AND THE

BERLIN CONFERENCE.

(mmdlatel)4 after the receipt of news about the shooting in
Shanghai! the YAM. published a manifesto to the y>uiig workers,
peasants* and students of the whole world, This manifesto was
sent u> all Mrctions of the CAM. by wireless. In addition to that,
a joint manifesto was issued with the signatures of the Comin-
tern. the V.C.I.. and the Profintcm on the occasion of the
Chinese events, ami a manifesto against the war in Morocco vvas
printed in the French press. In the above documents the Y.CfJ
deilared its general standpoint towards the events in China and!
Morocco, and issued its general slogans. J

\U Motions of the Y.C.L were given a series of practical
tasks. The Leagues immediately launched an agitation cam-
paign demanding the complete independence of China and
Morocco, the abrogation of the unequal treaties with China, the
immediate recalling of the foreign soldiers and police from China,
and protesting against the bloody war polk y of the Imperialist
Powers Special tasks were set to l he Y.C.I* of (inat Britain*
France, Italy, America, and Japan regarding work among soldiers
ami colors i f the hattli ships. All activities on the occasion of the
Shanghai events and the war in Morocco were carried through
under the banner of the I nked Front.

The French League appealed to the French soldiers to
frah raise with the Cabyles of the Rilf and to turn their weapon*
against their own exploiters. They demanded full freedom for the
Riff and immediate evacuation of all French troops from
Moiocco.

Our Chinese comrades called upon the whole Chinese nation
to light for complete national liberation of C hina against all
privileges of foreigners and the unequal treaties.

CAMPAIGNS AND ACTIVITIES q

In July, in connection with Chinese events and the war

in Morocco, as well «•» the preparation of blockade and offensive
against the Soviet Union by the international imperialists, a
* pet ial conference of the Y.G*L#S.-0f Europe was culled in Berlin,
j his conference deah with the tasks of the Y.C.L in the struggle
against the war danger* 'l he resolution tin the danger of a new
world war, the imperialist armed preparations for an attack
against the U.S.S* K., anil the tasks of the Y.C.L, is the basic
platform t.f the V.C.I, on the question i f w.tf clanger* The Berlin
Conference issued a manifesto to the \ tiling workers, calling upon
tltCITfe for a special week of struggle In fight against war prior to
the Int* ("national Youth Day, This week of struggle was the
starting point of a permanent campaign with the slogan "war
against imperialist war*" In the resolution (haling with the
events in China and the war in MurixTO the basic facts and the
importance « f thiso events were pointed « »ut t and the task^ of the
Y.C.L in general, and for the French League in particular, were
laid down. In a special letter to the Y.C.L of France concrete
tasks were formulated*

THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGNS AND THE WEEK
OF STRUGGLE AGAINST THE WAR DANGER AND

INTERVENTION IN CHINA.

In to^r the relalit ns between England and the Soviet Union
became niore and more strain d* an*! the situata n in t hina grew
ever more serious, I hr clanger of an imperialist war became
vers acute* The Executive Committee u( the Y.C.L decided
t niisrquMfJy to bunch an international campaign against the
danger **f war and the intervention in ( Hma and again si the
Soviet Union from ihc loth 0* the iS*h iA March, ip.tj-. The
following were the slogans :

Hands off China. Down with Intervention, Immediate
Ri t idling *1 all Troops ami Hatth ships, AgaiflH Imperialist
Prep: i ration for War against the Soviet Union, Fraternisa-
tion w ith the Oppressed t hinc^e Nation, t nity of the Soldiers
and Workers in the Struggle for Chinese Freedom, Fratern-
isation of tin Soldiers of the Unites of Inters* nticn with the
Chinese S ililicrs of Fro dum, Against the Imperialist Policy

of the U.S.A. ill South America* . ’I*

The Executive Commit tee of the \ A.I. in considering the
activities of the rtirimti Leagues, were td to i he conclusion
i hftl the major it} of the I.wimus with the exception of tbr
English, French* and Italian Leagues, developed insulhcicnt
netlvity among the mass* l he main reasons for the i.nture of
our Leagues in this campaign are of a political nature. Many
Leagues have neglected this campaign, stating that they are con-

voU NO, COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

fronted with important n»i\»nal problem*. This Uftguis Mm)
,li,t „ot imclcrMiiml luiw u> apply concretely lli« instruch.ms of the
\ l' I 10 connect the concrete national nuc^tion*. mtii ibe c.im.
ivi»Knai»iost the Rcncrnl war Oanycr and the intervention*. The
, VitfUr* were uivvn the tasks of Uvvclopmff brawl mass ngitaition,
in ortler to popularise tl* importance of the t hinew events, and
to expose the war plans of the imperialists against the Soviet
l nion i lie undertaking <>f energetic anti-militarist work, the
agitation for the slogans ** fraternisation M and " direct action,"
and tl»e light against reformism and pacifist illusions.

T1||J fight AGAINST IMPERIALIST WAR DANGER.

The struggle against the imperialist war, for the defence of
the Soviet Union and support of the Chinese Revolution can be
noticed in all campaigns of the V.C.l. in the last years.

The Y.C'.l. has issued manifestoes on various occasions,
drawing attention to the importance of the fights and armaments
of the imperialists. In June, 1927, a Joint manifesto of the
Knglivh and Russian Y.C.I.-s was published on the occasion of
tlu- break of diplomatic relations of British Imperialism with the

Soviet Union.

\t the thirteenth anniversary of the outbreak of the World
War in nearly all countries big demonstrations were organised
under the slogans: Against Imperialist War, For the Defence if
the Soviet Union and the C hinese Revolution, Against the Re-
formist Pillars of C apitalism. The preparations for the sending
tit youth delegations to the Soviet Union were equally utilised
for the struggles against the war danger.

i )n tlu* invasion of the visit uf the Knglish Fleet to Sweden
and Norway, the Leagues of those countries issueil manifestoes to
the sailors, calling upon them not to allow themselves to he used
lor war against the Soviet Union,

THi: FIG 11 T AG A I NST W I f I T I: T 1 • R RO R A N D

FASCISM.

On the eve of the Twelfth International Youth D.tv, hundreds
id our comrades were thrown into prison by the ilulgnrinn Govern-
ment. The sr mass arrests were a long prepared reply against the
increased political and organisational activity of the V C I of
ltnlgaria. The KX\ of the Y.C.I. decided to organise imme-
diatelv a eumpaign m all countries against Bulgarian Fascism, and

carried thTough uXr .’”,c 'v:,s

£: !5, 1 *-»«■<• I

Down with the Woody BoIgTri™ R^cta*

CAMPAIGNS AND ACTIVITIES n

For the Legalisation of the Y.CL. of Bulgaria.

**t,nK Live l hr United Struggle Against Rear i ion and I'ashm,

The longues sent telegram* of protest to the Bulgarian
< . overmuch t, from fiieiory turnings ami from schools amt work*
shuji-,, where the young worker:* were informed about the events
in Bulgarin, and the heroic' struggles of the Bulgarian \ .U.L
In front ol t lu* Bulgarian Legations and ( oiiMilatc* spontaneous
demoilsl rat ions of prol est took plncc. Steps ■ r- “ i ; i ■ 1 1 to draw
die Socialist youth organisations into joint demonstrations *>f
protest and to adopt resolutions of protest against the Bulgarian
Government in meetings of the Socialist youth organisation anil
the trade union youth organisations* HJhe K.C. of the V.C.L
published a manifesto to the young worker % of the whole world,
protesting against the trial of the Bulgarian comrades, and rail-
ing upon the young workers of the whole world to fight against
Bulgarian Fascism. I he Kunlun Y.U.L. issued a special mant*
h >to protesting in the name of the young workers, peasants and
the \ -L. of the Soviet Union*

After the attempted assassination of Mtisolifii in iqjo, Malian
Fascism again adopted the most terrible terrorist methods against
the proletariat, and in the first place against the Communist
Party and Young U om munis l League. A court-martial was .set
up for the prosecution of the Communists, and capital punishment
was introduced. I he < ominUrn launched an international cam-
paign against Fascism and for th*- support of the Italian prole-
tariat. I fie Y.(\L called upon it* sections to mobilise the young
workers for the support of this campaign.

In thi* campaign the following task* were given to the
leagues: Kxplanationi of F;isrism( as a constant danger of war:
agitation against Fascist repression of the young worker; and
popularisation of the activity of the Y.C.L. <d Italy, which has
to work under very difficult circumstances* The forms of prac-
tical participation in the anti- Fascist campaign were: Special
t ampaigns in the Press ; mobilisation of the young workers for
anti* Fascist demonstrations; participation of the youth in the
special campaign <d the Inte rnational Red Aid and the anti-Fascist
Committee for material support of the Italian proletariat.

Special campaign* were ;iko carried through against the
prosecutions of tin Communist Vouih League of Yugoslavia and
the oppression of the young workers. On the occasion of the
sending of a youth delegation to the Soviet Union and the cele-
bration of the tenth anniversary of the Sovii t Unit n and dislrihu-
lion o J i 'ummunisi papers in Belgrade and other towns, more than
sixty young workers were thrown into prison and condemned to
long terms of imprisonment after going through inhuman
tortures. In the manifesto of the Y.C.L attention is drawn to the

ia YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

, ructtics in the Yugo-Slavian prisons, ami the nticmpts on the
lues of the \oung workers sentenced to imprisonment.

During the camp:d^n fur tin- liberation of Sacco and Vnnzetti
the Y.C.I/s. participated in the general campaign. Against the
persecution of young workers in Horthy- Hungary, several
campaigns were carried through, and particularly in comw-Nion
with the trial of Comrade Weinberger, the masses of young
workers were mobilised for struggle against Hungarian Fascism.
It must be sa'ul however, that the legal Leagues did not carry on
continuous campaigns against White Terror and I’uscism and that
the Leagues have not yet understood how to answer each
terroristic action in the countries of the White Terror by
energetic protest campaigns.

THU 15th OF JULY IN VIENNA.

Our Austrian Y.C.L. participated in the uprisings of the
Viennese proletariat on the 15th of July in the most active and
splendid fashion. The Austrian League demanded the disarming
and disbanding of all Fascist organisations and of the police,
arming of the proletariat, liberation of the prisoners of the 15th
of July, fight for the workers and peasants government and
continuation of the general strike. Immediately upon receipt
of the news from Vienna the Leagues appealed through mani-
festos to the vnung workers to rally to the assistance of the heroic
struggle oj the Viennese workers bv means oi action, demonstra-
tions and practical international help and solidarity in a united
fighting front.

THE LEAGUE FOR THE STRUGGLE AGAINST

COLONIAL OPPRESSION.

At the Congress against Colonial Oppression which assembled
in Brussels, a special conference of the National revolutionary
youth organisations, participating in the Congress, was organised.
This conference was attended, apart from the representatives of
the various « olonial anti semi-colonial countries bv the representa-
tives of the English and French Young Communist League®.
The conference adopted a resolution calling on the oppressed
youth of the whole world lo join the League against Imperialist
Oppression. In order to better organise and intensify the
activity of the League among the young workers of Europe,
American and particularly of the East, a demand was made that
the League should establish a special Youth Bureau as a sub-
department of the League, the duty of which would he the
organisation of youth departments of the League in the different
. entries, to increase the propaganda of the aims and ideas of the
League among the young workers of all countries, the or^anisa-

CAMPA1GNS AND ACTIVITIES i3

lion of youth conferences to study the position of the vomm
uor cers and students m the colonies, and to f,K|1t for
interests. I he sc. turns of the Y.C.I. were asked to participate

act 1 vety in the organisation of youth sections of the League in
tile diJTercnt countries. **

THE GENERAL STRIKE IN ENGLAND.

On 1 he occasion of the tremendous struggle of the working
class m England, campaigns of solidarity with the British workers
were organised everywhere. By means of collections, and the
organisation of sympathetic strikes, the struggle of the British
prol, i;,n:,t was supported by the working class of all countries,
i in- ' L L «nt a special telegram to the Socialist Youth Inter-
national, proposing joint action in defence of the British working

f As was to he expected, this proposal was not accepted by

the Socialist Youth international.

A broad campaign was tarried through explaining the
necessity of supporting the British mine workers and the whole
working class of Ureal Britain in their heroic struggle. The
young workers were called upon to fight against those who, by
smashing the united from of the British workers, supported a
redui linn of wages and increase in the hours of work. V demand
was made that the International Federation of Trade Unions
should accept the proposal of the Red International of Labour
Union* for a joint campaign in support of the British miners and
that it should immediately send mil instructions to all sections
St. it a propaganda campaign in order to explain the questions
conflicted with this struggle and to instruct all unions of mine
and transport worker > to hold hat k all shipments of coal intended
for England- Particularly the Young Communist Leagues of
tier many, Belgium, France, Czccho-SIovakia and the United
States were asked to increase their activity among the young
miners to organise miners and general trade union conferences,
to Ulist- the question oi support in the local trade union branches,

^ he campaign Mas carried through with the following main
slogan : A deteat of the British miners is a defeat for the Inter*
national working class.

The WCJ, bef ore the strike and, immediately on the first dav
rd the strike, carried out successfully' a series of steps in order
t>* support in knglaml ;i> well ns in other countries the struggle
0! the British working class and to lead young workers into this
struggle. The Russian Y.C-1, set a splendid example of how to
fulfill the duty of international solidarity.

JUBILEE CAMPAIGNS.

10th Anniversary of the Bern Conference,

Hie lulh anniversary of the Bern Conference was utilised in

YOUNC COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

order to explain to mu comrades tin- necessity L>r struggle against
tinlhai imii and Imperialism* In eoiuiectum with the* explanation
of the history ol the Voutli International a broad pt<>pagaru)a for
ilu1 Communist Intermit ionul was t arried through* In the Parly
hihI League press on tluil day, articles were published dealing with
the history and the present tasks of the Young Communist Inter-
national.

20ih Anniversary of the Communis! Youth International.

The JOth anniversary of the Y.C.L was celebrated bv a hie

m ■* %t|

campaign, with the celebration of the 13th International Youth
Da) and the soth anniversary ot the Kussion October Revolution
as a climax.

From tlie 26th of August, the anniversary of the Stuttgart
l 1 inference, to the 71I1 of September, the International Day of
Youth, a tug propaganda campaign was carried on. The pur**
pose of this campaign was to show the young workers that the
Young Communist inter national is the sole represent alive and
heir of the organisation set up at the Stuttgart Conference. The
attempt of the Socialist Youth International to utilise this
twentieth anniversary of the Stuttgart Conference for their own
purposes was exposed by pointing out the deeds and decisions
at the Kmaalisl Youth International to the young workers, and
particularly to the Socialist youth, thus proving that the Socialist
Youth International has long ago departed from the original pro-
gramme of the revolutionary young workers. Circa I attention
Was given to the opposition within the Socialist Youth Interna-
tional. Short courses were held in preparation for this campaign,
explaining the history of the Socialist Youth movement. In the
period up to the International Day of Youth the League held
many meetings and demonstrations. In Stuttgart a magnificent
International Youth demonstration took place which was con-
Milernbl} greater than the demonstration of the Socialist Youth
International, which was also held in Stuttgart.

The Y.CM* published a series of materials for this campaign.

PERIODICAL CAMPAIGNS.

Every year, in commemoration of the death of I enin I Ed>-
knechl and Luxemburg, and tin: anniversary of tin- French
Commune and the victorious October Revolution, special cam-

STrSgh.000 aC'Unl P°lilic;'' ^ents. were carried

Lenin* Liebltnccht-Luxcm bur Week,

i« Africa and i„ Life JSS5-. <«**

of Lenin

i, .uiiui ami in JUirooenn r J

in and Ucbkncdit llic^oune wwL n COmmemor^ on

young workers were called upon to

C AM I W IONS AND ACTI V I Tl IvS , 5

sludy Lenin's teachings, to lest them In their daily struggle an,!
10 put them mto practice. The main slogan WHS : Jain the YrMing
Coiuimimst League, winch rights under the banner of Lenin"
aganvst imperialism and against Socialist betrayers, for Lenin's
teachings, and for liberty for (he Oppressed nations of the East.

The anniversary was preceded by a week of recruiting* in
vDiuh the main slogan issued was: Double the membership. The
aim of i his international recruiting week was noi onfv to achieve
a numerical increase, hut ait aeiivisaikm of the membership.

After this recruiting week the Leagues were set the task of

achieving a doubling ol their membership up to the Eleventh
International Day nf Youth.

, m;i*lv hue laid down tor the campaign for ihc second
anniversary nf Lenin's doalh was: Explanation of Leninism

smiggte against all ultra-Left and Right deviations, and drawing
in ol the active sect ion to the study nf Leninism. During Umn
week a mass agilaimti among the non -Party workers, peasants
and employees for the explanation of Lenin's and Lirbknecht's
teachings, p.it ticidai ly on ihe proletarian youth movement, was
organised. J hr political slogans of this campaign were: Struggle
against militarism am l the war danger, development, of the

Y.(AL*s into leading mass organism ions of the young workers
and peasants.

I *rior 1 o t he I Amin- 1 aabknecht-Luxemlmrg campaign special
evening courses were organised for the agitational and propa-
ganda preparation of the campaign. In addition to the manifesto
nl the LA .Y.C.L, an agitational pamphlet, ** Lenin and the
Youth,*' was published.

In JU27 the following propaganda and organisational tasks
wne set: Div ussion of the dm ision^ of the Enlarged Plenum of
the C-L and Y.C.L anil propagation of the basic problems of
and immediate political and organisational tasks of the
sections ol the \ A ,1. in the light of Lenin's teachings; organisa-
tion of a propaganda campaign dealing with the building up of
Socialism in the I'.S^S.K. from the point of view of the
i dm ting 1 1 a I si niggle against t lie new opposition in the C, P.S. U.
anti against thi- ultia-l.cli elements in the Comintern. This
Lenin- Lichkiicehi- Luxemburg Week was again linked up with a
recruit ing campaign.

t hi the occasion nf the fourth anniversary of Lenin's death
and the eighth anniversary of the tnurdcj of Karl Mebkftochl and
Kosa Luxemburg all the tasks undcrl-f ken b\ our Leagues at the
tenth anniversary of the October Revolution were continued. In
the centre of lilt* campaign stood the agitation for the struggle
against imperialist Wilr* lor the defence of the Soviet Cnioit and
the propaganda of Lenin’s ami Lichkncchl's teachings.

1 6 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

Ole Lenin-Lielikiicchl-I.iixetnburif Week nf 1928 wax of par-
ticular importance because it look place after the Fifteenth Party
Congress of the C.F*5.LLf and consequently had the task uf
earrving on a broad campaign of explanation of the struggle
against the opposition.

i he political slogans of the Lenin- Liebkn edit- Luxemburg
Week were: Fight against the imperialist war danger and bour-
geois militarism in the spirit of Karl Lickknccht — for the defence
of i lu* Soviet Union, the mother country of the workers of the
world struggle against the lowering *d the economic conditions;
join the Y*C. L, In carrying through this recruiting campaign
great stress was laid on the experience of previous recruiting
campaigns, which had shown that it is necessary to bring about
the most active and broad participation of the non- Party young
workers and that particular attention must be paid to the in*
different young workers* The campaign must be based on the
factories and active participation of the factory groups must be
assured.

The Anniversary of the Paris Commune,

The anniversary of the Paris Commune is for us not on tv a

m m

duv of historical observations, and of commemoration oi the
*

victims of the revolution. In the centre of our mass campaign are
the most import ;mt lessons of the Paris Commune, derived from
the historic facts.

In 1925 the anniversary of the rSth of March was utilised
for the popularisation of the lessons of the Paris Commune for
the struggle of the proletariat. As a practical application of the
teaching of the Paris Commune, the following slogans were
issued : — Organism ion of the broad masses of the young workers
in the trade unions, the ideological unification (BnFhcvisation) of
the Communist movement — against White Terror — for the
amnesic of political prisoners. The E.C. Y.C. L published detailed
thises dealing with the lessons of the Paris Commune, giving

1 xtnu ts and quotations from the basic literature and unpublished
articles by I am in on the Commune*

I hi l ■iti'' t ommune celebrations in [92b were centred around
ihir following basil questions : Popularisation of the esperienres
oi the Paris C ommune ;ts a first attempt ;tt the seizure of power by
the working class <>n the basis of the teachings of Mars and
Utun < rusMon on the mistakes of the Paris proletariat in tfic
days of the Commune as a guide to the K„ proletariat dtir-

tlu*«r revolutions, ami examinations of the experiences of the
victorious proletariat of the U.S.S.R. who brought tin su, c,Lf«S
conclusion the attempts of the From li r„m ' *ssf“

Imally, propaganda fur the current tasks o tlw illlr"' r,*“7 ant

m U1C internal joiial

CAM PA I( VNS A NT) ACT I VTTIES 1 7

working class in relation to the present commune, the victorious
workers' mid peasants' republic, the U.S.S.R. For the killer the
youth delegations were extensively utilised.

The ten lb anniversary of the October Revolution
gii\e .ul proletarian days of commemoration in, a

festive character* Beginning from ihe t2lh of March I the
anniversary of the February revolution of 1917 in Russia)
extensive preparatory work was conducted in order to rally the
broad masses of the young workers and peasants for the celebra-
tion of the tenth anniversary of the proletarian revolution in Ihe
l ,S.N,R* J he 1 Kth of March was therefore in the main con-
cent rated on the impending celebration of the tenth anniversary
of the October revolution and was linked up vnUi the international
week against the war danger and intervention in China.

The factory meetings and mass demonstrations which were
organised during tins week against ihe war danger and inter-
vention were, therefore, linked up with the Paris Commune- On
ihe other hand, all celebrations and demonstrations in commemora-
tion of the Baris Commune were linked up with the campaign
against the danger and the intervention. The campaign of the
International ('lass War Prisoncis, which utilised this month for
collections on behalf of victims i»f W hite Terror, was active!)
supported by our Leagues and children “•* organisations.

Till; CELEBRATION OF THE ANNIVERSARY OF

I HE 0 CTO B E R R E V 0 LU T 1 0 N *

The eighth anniversary of the October Revolution was rdc-
b rated in all countries by widespread campaign. At the same
time the Revolution of r sj* ^5 was included in the celebration
programme, as tin- ,20th anniversary ot the Revolution of 1905
t oinfided with the eighth anniversary *d the October Revolution.
Hie tasks of lids campaign were

To make the broad masses of \oung workers acquainted with
the achievements of the Soviet l’nion and to win their sympathies
for Soviet Russia ami for active support against the attacks of
World Imperialism on the proletarian Soviet Republic— to point
out to the functionaries am) to the broad masses of the League
membership the theoretical and practical problems of the October
Revolution and the Revolution of 1905, together with the develop-
ment of the Bolshevik Patty in ihe years 1905-17 and the lessons
which the Parties in the West must draw from this development*
In connect ton with this a liroad campaign was launched in all
countries for the sending of young workers' delegations to the
Srn iet Union, utilising the experience of the young workers
delegation from Austria which had visited the Soviet Union about
that time*

i8 YOUNG O'MMl'MST INTERNATIONAL

Amoi^ 1 1n* materials issued were the pamphlet M ‘Hu* position
of the Young Workeis in Soviet Russia/* by Comrade Cltaplin
and 14 The Russian Leninist Vwhk Communist League of \\u.
U.S.S.K.” by Comrade Utilacln ■

I he churaetei id the October campaign in 1926 was decided
by I he danger of ini ervent ion against l\S.S. R and by the
threatening war among the imperialist countries* by a sharpening
of the class struggle in the various countries caused by the
increased attack against the rights and conditions of Jiving of tire
working elites on the one hand, and the success in tin- building
of Socialism in the Soviet In ion on the other hand, and the
consequent improvement til the position of the Russian young
workers and peasants* The following slogan was publisher 1 for
ibis campaign : —

Every member an active agitator ! In order that every
comrade should be able to do justice to this task, adequate propa-
ganda preparations were organised and reports on ihe experiences
ol the Russian proletariat in their struggle for power* on the
building of Socialism in the Soviet Union* and on the subject
What Have Nine Years of Iholeturkm Dictatorship (liven to
the Russian Young Workers? 11 were given in the groups and
nuclei*

T 1 1 H 1 EN T H A N N l V E it S A U Y OF T 1 1 E 0 C TO It E R

REVOLUTION*

On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the October
Revolution a campaign was launched in all countries. In order
io achieve the aim of the campaign ** strengthening of the struggle
of the working class and the young workers of the whole world
for the seizure of political power and for the building of Socialism
and lor the defence of the Soviet Union against imperialist war

preparations/* the following tasks were given to the Leagues ■

To give a picture of the history of the struggle for October tinder-
lining iltc role which was played by the voting workers t,» ,

,ml l>"-* successes, of bnildtnK Socialism m the I'.SS R th.-
a. • vements for the young workers and peasants in thc'm>Kiic-il
cvonomie and cultural spherfr-tb draw a parallel between t'|,e

ropag

carried through for tin

.tors ol v„„„k. workers ~ ««“«« »{ <M»1

:dl capitalist countries, unity romm;„ , ,et Union from

delegations were set ut> ™.i ' . ■ ,VVit for sending t|i,.Se

W «I>, and a

widespread agiiat

ion was

campaigns and activities it>

carried through on nil questions connected with the tenth

mtnivrrsarv of thi October Revolution*

•

1 he preparation for Ibis campaign began already with the
tenth anniversary ol the February Revolution and the celebration
campaign of the Paris Commune. For the of May, the cam-
paign for the sending of young workers* delegations to the Soviet
Union was launched. This < ampaign was continued during the
celebration of ths twentieth anniversary of the Stuttgart Con-
ference and of the Thirteenth International Youth Day*

Lectures and courses were organised in all leagues for pro-
paganda work, in which all special youth questions were dealt
with* On the occasion of the visit of the youth delegations to
the Soviet Union in connection with the Congress of the Friends
of ibr IYS.S.R*, a special Congress of the Young Friend:* of the
U.S.S.R* was organised. 'Hie main line during this campaign
was to mobilise the broadest possible masses of young workers
and the various mass organism if ms of the w* rking youlh, the
trade union organisations, sport and gymnastic organisations,
Young Fr*m| Fighters, pioneer organisations, et* * d fir E.C.
of the V.C.L instructed all Leagues to pul the campaign for the
celebration of the October K evolution in the centre of all their
ai i i v 1 1 y and to link uj> all current saxks with t hR campaign.

TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RED ARMY.

I'ur the tenth anniversary of the Red Army, the Leagues were
given the tasks of carrying through this jubilee on the following
lines : —

Popularisation of the Red Army, laying stress on its specific
character as an instrument for the de fence of the ()< tobrr Revolu-
tion anil ter pence, and its importance for the international pro-
letariat movement. The young workers were informed on the
structure and work id the Red Army, it'' educational tasks, and
the character and form of the voluntary pre-military education in
the Soviet Union*

In the campaign against the war danger and lor the defence
of the Soviet Union, the rile of the Red Army was clearly
brought out* and the peace policy < f the Soviet l men on the basis
,*f i he Geneva Disarmament Conference and the disarmament
proposals of the Russian Delegation were popularised*

The tenth anniversary ol the Red Army served as an occasion
fur strengthening and improving the lies w ith the Red Army, and
particularly between the V.C.L divisions and our Leagues in the
WvsL In i he days of the tenth anniversary* a delegation of the
YA\L, consisting of si\ representatives of various sections uf
the Y,C, L celebrated this occasion with the Budienny Division.

The Role of the Young Communist Leagues
in the Inner-Party Discussions.

In die course of the period from the Fourth to the Fifth
World Congress of the YAM*, the relations of the Young Com-
numist Leagues to the Communist (forties developed further in
the direction laid down by the Second World Congress of the
YAM- and the Third Congress of the Comintern, on national as
well ini er national lines. Our Leagues and our intt-rnatioal
organisation accept etl the political leadership of the Parlies and
(V.nintern without opposition* retaining at the same time their
organisational nut oniony* The understanding by the youth of the
necessity for Mich a political leadership during this period was
very apparent, and there were *u> cases or even discussion of
vanguardism as in the previous period.

On the question of the practical collaboration of the youth
organisations and l he Parties, great progress was made during
the 'C years. The Parties reveal tO-day a greater understanding
of the importance and the tasks of the Young Communist Leagues
than previously, I his is proved by the ever-growing support of
the Communist youth organisation* nationally and internationally,
by the Communist Parties and the Comintern* Needless to sav,
there is still much room for improvement in this connection. Our
old slogan, 14 A League Nucleus Wherever a Party Nuclues
Exists— A League Local Wherever a Party Local Exists/* has
up to now, although it is generally accepted throughout the whole
International, not yet been put into effect- The instructions sent
out by ltiv Comintmi :,i the- request of the Y.C.I. on particular
occasions, :,s, ftrr instance. Youth Days, anti-Mi|itarist fam-
puiLins, in order to rally the Parties to the support of the

r< stVll' l -i'ri v ***,' been partly carried through by them. There
“r Still I art) organisations, even whole Parties w|,ich do not

!“ »nrreS‘ VoU'" Movcmul". no. .'.p^rol

m am wav
* ^

hi Communist With international and its sections i,.,w
during the past period, oroved themselves ' v , , , *•

lighters for the ideas and the policy of t!i ■ X ,kc best

that the V.C.I. and its sections W alwl« , Tht* fa*
of the fiffht for the revolutionary 1 £ Z r” ?* S** r:mks

can. in the first place, be explained by thf-/ .£?*

)> not burdened with I he old social . 1 l,lc youth

bifr political questions of the working ‘radili. ,,s. |„ all

the individual Communist Parlies our r T*’ ,n tl,u <l! scissions of

• - agues have most actively

IN INNER-PARTY DISCUSSIONS at

supported the line and policy of the Comintern* Particularly must
we underline the great part which our youth organisations played
in the struggle against the Trotskyist opposition in all countries.
Our youth organisations were, as a rule, much less affected by
the opposition than the Party, They often recognised earlier the
dangerous and counter-revolutionary character of the opposition
and jointly with the Executive carried on the sharpest struggle
against it.

In the four years since the Fourth W ork! Congress, a number
of serious problems and differences arose in the various Parties of
the Comintern, on which the League had to take a stand. We
tan to-day say with pride that our youth organisations, with the
help of the Executive, almost always adopted the corrci t attitude,
the attitude of the Comintern, and supported »t with great force.

In Germane our Yeung Communist League, even before the
** Open Letter ** of the Comintern, took an opposing stand
against the course pursued by Ruth Fisher, After the Open
Letter the League supported, with all its forces, the majority
of the i forty. Our German League has played a great part in
the liquidation of the ultra- Left crisis in Germany. The League
could join easier in tins struggle, because the ultra -Left elements
had only very few supporters within the League, who were very
soon defeated. The League equally fought always against the
Right elements within the Party. The German League also look
an active part in the practical work of the Party, and particularly
supported the election campaigns of the German Party*

In (treat Britain our YA.M« carried on good work In col-
laboration with the Party during the great British General Strike
and the Milters* Strike. On the questions of a General Strike
in the event of the outbreak of a new Imperialist War, and the
slogan of a General Strike in the struggle against the Anti-Trade
Union Bill, our League immediately took up a correct stand* The
change m the pohcY oi the British Party as laid down by the last
Plenum was carried through by the British \ oung Communist
League in the decisions of the Fifth League Congress in March
of this year, and the League is now one of the most active fighters

for the new line*

In France the League carried through a sharp struggle
again si the Rig hi liquidators, Snuvarinc* Loriot* Ifoz* etc., and
fought equally energetically against the ultra-1 -eft renegades like
Treim and Susanne Giraylt. At the same time the League
undertook to develop an active propaganda for the tactics carried
through at the hi'** elections ami the Parly itself declared that the
youth was particularly active in bringing about the change of
policy. The practical support of the work of the Party by the
League, particularly during the last elections, was very strong*

5i YOUNG COMMUNIST INTER NATIONAL

Tht t him m- Young Communist l.t agui* was the first
orgmiist'tl toPM which ACCCpttd thf ikrcisituis of the Scvrtilh
IM. mini nf the C.l. and which undertook the si fu^lr lur their
application m (hr Chinese (Communist movement with all the
funi s .it its ilis|>ovil. I In' League also played a most important
pail in the Tight against the supporters of the Opportunist line

of the CJ\ of China-

In Italy the League actively supported the struggle of the
Party against Uordiga and his group- Here we must particu-
larly emphasise the practical work of the Young Communist
League in support of the Party*

In Poland our League look an oppositional stand against
Dotnsky during the uHra-Loft crisis, after some vacillation! and
supported the line of the Comintern, In the discussion which tile
i\V* of Poland Carried through after Pilsud'ski*s coupt our
League was among the first to recognise the criticism by the
Comintern ;is being cornet. In the later stages of the discussion
our League has always shown that it is ready to support Hie line
id the Comintern even if it has linked itself up somewhat stronger
with our group within the Party. In the practical work of the
Part\ our League played an important part, as was shown during
the last elections.

In t Vrvho-SIovakia our League played an important rile
during the great Parly crisis by carrying through a sharp
struggle against the Rights like Bubnik, etc., dissociating them-
selves at the same time from the Centre group existing at that
tune. The League afterwards actively participated with the
i ominlem in the policy of co-operation of the Centre with the
Lilt. In the struggle against the Opposition (Michalee) the

League has shown great activity am! complete! v defeated the
opposition within its own ranks.

In the I'niicd Si ales of America our League participated
.K lively m the 1 arty discussion and after some hesitation
accepted the line of the Comintern and actively fought for its

In Sweden good work was carried on bv the League in the

struggle to overcome the lfflglund crisis. The 1 eij'ue foJd t

absolutely united against the Social Dcmocraiir • i

methods of HOglund and his H

H&gluit' pporter* Within the GS h . "“T* of

quickly, thanks to the intensive work of . ? tl'fapPoarcd wry

of the League. v " ^pbiiation on the part

tU ,In Norway League stood unrcscrvedle f..r .1 .* ,

t«"intem during the crisis m the !*■,„ * ,mc

the Norwegian Labour Covcrnml r ■ } 'n connection with

of some members of 1I1,. Cent nl r ' ,t!uu,atc^ >kc vacillations

Lent ml Committee, and supported the

IN INNER- 1 ’ARTY DISCUSSIONS 2<J

l*«< ly ill its struggle against the I ranrnal l 1 hour 1’ariv l(n. I the
Ivtghl Liquidators fSthcdn).

In Belgium during the serious crisis in the Party can - l by
Mu Troiskyiiit Opposition, our league almost unanimously from
(bv hcgmiiing fought against the oppositional clement* in the
Party cent fts and participated in the good work which resulted
in the Party ( oil fere nte declaring itself by an overwhelming
majority against the Trotskyist Opposition.

In the Balkans our Leagues in general Mood for the line
of ibi’ Comintern in the discussions within the Parties.

In Yugu-Slavia the League, after some short temporary
vacillations, accepted the stand point id the Comintern in the
inner-party struggle at the most decisive period*

In Greece our League was the most active fighter against
the Liquidators and the Social-Derm >rrafic remnants within the

Pan v.

■*

In Krai mania the League at present a« lively participates in
the solution of the inner- Party crisis side by side with the
Comintern.

Our small League of Holland was greatly affe* red by the
Wvnkoop crisis in the Party, However, it sui reeded in winning
the majority and the best elements of the League fiir the line of
the Comintern.

In Argentine the majority of the Central Committee of our
League for some time followed the Right group in the Party, At
the present time the League is Oil the way to becoming a fighter
for the carrying through *»f the line of the Comintern.

Summing up: The period since the Fourth World Congress
shows increased polite 'ai activity' on the part of flic ( iintmunist
Youth Leagues, greater participation in Parly life and solution
of Party questions, continuous support of the line of the Com-
munist International, trn proven vent in the practical co-operation
between League and Party, in which* however, the support of
the Parties by the Leagues is comparatively much better than the
support of the Leagues by the Party.

Fight against Imperialist War and

Militarism

The period since the Fourth World Congress of the Y.C.L
was characterised by an increased war danger and a scries of small
imperialist wars against the rt evolutionary uprisings of the
oppressed nations in the colonies and the semiwoh nies (Mona co,
Syria, China, Nicaragua, etc.}- V arious conflicts between the
imperialist countries, fur instance, the SJulish-Laivi;m and the
UaliaivVugt » Slav inn conflict* threatened to lead overnight to
warlike clashes, and to plunge the world into a new blood bath,
A number of intentional provocations against the l\S.S. U., as
the raid on the Soviet Consulate in Rekin, the siege * i the Soviet
Consulate in Canton, the police raids on Argos in la ndon, and die
breach of diplomatic relations by Cireat Britain following upon
this raid, the assassination of the Soviet representative, Voikoff,
in Warsaw -all these threatened to create a new inlervcntit n of
the imperialist powers against the first workers' and peasants’
republic.

The increasing contradictions between the imperialist powers
on the one hand, and the imperialist countries and the Soviet
Cnion cn the other, the military preparations anti armaments of
the imperialist countries on land and sea, completely vindi-
co led the correctness of the perspectives laid down by the last
Work! Congress of the Y.C.T, as an increased danger of new
wars.

The growing war danger has made the struggle against
imperialist war and militarism the main task of the Y.C.L and
its sections. The work of the V oting Communist Internath nnl
was concentrated consequently on the struggle against war
danger and militarism, on the defence of the Soviet Cnion, and
the revolutionary movements of the colonies and semi -colonies*

The Fourth World Congress had to draw conclusions in the

nnc of the laM Congress for ‘ work * s " fiTl

tZZSSXjLZ Lq^i“\Wr.nini^ to war ind milih

supports ,n the army and the navy, And

AGAINST WAR AND MILITARISM 25

the awakening’ of the class Struggle in the barracks on the basis
of special soldiers’ and sailors' demands of a political, economic
and service character*

Since the last Work I Congress it is evident that in most
sections id the Y,t\l. the anti-militarist work not only takes
up much more space in the general work of the Leagues, but it
is also being carried on much more systematically and qualita-
tively on a much higher scale.

In connection with the revolutionary events in China * and
the French war in Morocco, the Y.CJ. in June, *925, called a
conference in Berlin of representatives of the European Young
Communist Leagues, which wav to take a stand against the im-
perialist wars upon the nations in the col * flics and semi-colonies,
and to lay down the tasks, which the Communists had to carry
out in these wars. The conference decided in favour of active
material and moral support ol the national liberation movements
in order to defeat the imperialist governments. In this sense,
the Communist Youth Leagues, partic ular!} the English, French,
and Spanish Leagues carried tin their activity. This conference
was tin* starting point of international action against imperialism.

Tactical problems and questions of principle arising from the
struggle against the war danger as well as from our work in the
ai m\ and navy, were placed on the agenda of almost all plenary
sessions of the YAM. Very thoroughly were these questions
discussed at the Enlarged Executive meeting in July, 1927, which
met after the Enlarged Executive of the Comintern* 1 his Plenum
again restated the line of principle to tie followed by the Com-
munists in wars of differing historical importance and social
content, as, for instance, in wars among imperialist countries, in
wars of imperialistic Lowers against colon! sd and semi-colonial
nations, and the war of the imperialists against the Soviet Union.
U also had to criticise the pacifist deviations of sonic Leagues.
The Communists must, in alt imperialist wars, under all circum-
stances, refute the argument for the defence of the mother
country, the imperialist state, and work to br.ng about the defeat
of their own bourgeois governments. “ 1 he difficulties of the
imperialists must be the opportunity for the working class#*1 The
difficulties and defeats of the imperialists must be utilised to
awaken the proletariat and to transform the imperialist war into
civil war. In imperialist wars against national revolutionary
movements anti against the Soviet l nion, the Communists must
extend 1 he slogan of * * fraternisation ,T to an appeal lor the
soldiers to go over t<» the side of the revolutionary armies against
imperialism. The Llcnum further brought again complete clarity
into the question of disarametiL general strikes and boycotts,
and took a stand on various military political questions, such as

,6 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

militia, voluntary armies, militia of tin- workers, etc., ami sharp!}
mulcrlimtl the necessity of work in the army anti navy. I

A> a splemlitl example the work of the Voting Communist
I ca^ue of France can serve. Die ami-militarist propa^amla of
the l.eanuc has reached the masses of die soldiers and sailors,
am) very effectively disintegrate* f rench militarism.

l ive French League stood before particularly responsible
t.^k- in connection with the wars in Morocco and Syria. Irnme*
iliateh on commencement of the imperialist expeditions, tht
League developed mass action against the imperialist war and
for the support of the revolting tribes. The defeatist propa-
i-anda reached the French iraops in Morocco and Syria. Revolt*
on the front, fraternisations with the natives, and in some case*
jrohitr ,,vei to their side, these were the fruits of the nnti-
mditurUi propagamla of the League. 1 he txtrnt of the disintc*
gratinj; influence of this propaganda can be judged by the fact,
that according to the figures given by the French Ministry of the
Interior, during the period of the Riff campaign, 1,400 sentences
had to be passed against French soldiers.

In the same way, activities against the French military

expeditions to l Inna were undertaken.

Of special importance were the activities in 19J7 against the
new military laws worked out by the Government with the help
of tlu- French Socialists, and the agitation for the demands «*r the
reservists. The French Communist Section succeeded in rallying
many thousands of reservists to the struggle for such demands as
•• Struggle against service in the reserve army and against the
periodical services of the reservists,” “ Inclusion of the reservists
in the local original territorial units of the reserve army,” ** t'on-
tinued payment of full wages by the employers during the
perit>dical services,” etc.

The first reservist movement in Bourges, where reservists
and soldiers forced the release of some imprisoned comrades,
was followed by a reservists' demonstration in Sisson ne in front
of the Officers’ Casino, and in Bourg-Laslic by a great demon*
st ration for the release of arrested soldiers. The regular troop?
sent against the demonstrators refused to take action.

After these events movements sprang up in other parts of
France. There followed demonstrations in barracks and camp?,
m cities together with the workers, and during transport (fl
Ihe railways. In I onion it came to a bloody clash with the
rigu.i toops and (x>!iee sent against the. revolting reservist?.

S( !torv ' Vti'lfitrt'1 uirT"; Y ersatHcs, Douai, Lille, Cambrai.
i,o irg-th cm- are the m^*-*1 U’ Ch*,0nS* Brest. Ulois, Chef*

m£2.«T of ik. reserves'

n demonstrations alone more than .1.000

AGAINST WAR AND MILITARISM 27

soldiers and sailors from twenty-two regiments and ramps par-
ticipated.

t )n the 2<jtli of September a bloody revolt sprang up in the
military prison in Toulon. Workers and sailors demonstrated in
I Hu streets of Toulon. This was followed! by a revolt on the war
cruiser ” Ernest Renan/’ in which two-thirds of the crew par-
ticipated* Ihu revolt of the sailors in the prisons ot Csdvy soon
followed *

I he bourgeoisie was greatly agitated by the revolts
in the army and navy. The Minister of Ihe Interior issued a
slogan: *' Communism, that is the enemy.” The reactionary
Temps ” wrote; ”, . , Fhrse manifestations are a danger
sign to the nation, which must be correctly estimated by all good
citizens, SO that all can j*iin together against the Bolshevik inva-
sion.” And later on the same ” Temps ” wrote, under the
heading, '* An Alarm Cry 11 It is necessary in any casts that
the War Ministry and the whole Government should double its
attention and activity. The Communist propaganda in the army
and navy is the great danger. We must gather our courage to
took straight into the face of these facts, and to make up our
minds firmly to remove same.” The French Minister of Interior,
Sarraut, said in Parliament: li Communism strives to lead the
whole army into the camp of revolution with weapons and bag-
gage, and — what is the most terrifying fact — Communism has
won the souls of the soldiers, has achieved ihe systematic trans-
formation of their consciousness*

These alarm cries of the bourgeoisie were followed by a
series of repressions against the Young ( rnnmumst League, and
numerous arrests in the army and navy b*ok place, which, how-
ever, could not stop the work of the Freni h Communists*

The French League regularly issues two papers for the
soldiers and sailors, anil publishes in addition many leaflets and
pamphlets. Important also is its work on the occasion of calling
in of the recruits and its work in the organisations of the
recruits.

Of no less importance was the anti-militarist work of the
Young Communist League of Great Britain, which has to fight
against the most rapacious and war- mange ring imperialist Power
in the world. Among the soldiers and sailors leaving for China
a broad agitation was carried on for the support of the Chinese
revolution* ” The defeat of British Imperialism in China means
victory for the working class of Great Britain. Mils was tin
niai 11 slogan of the British C ommunisis in their struggle against
British intervention in China, I Jit* anti-militarist propaganda
vv*is greatly strengthened during the General Strike* Ihe reac-
tionary ” Dailv Mail " was forced to write even before the

JS you no communist international

General Strike: "... that the revolutionary propaganda during
the last pcriml begins to extend considerably in the army, navy
ami in the industrial ventres of Great Britain. In the arsenal*,
the ports, and the barracks considerable quantities of material
have 1m i n distributed, appealing to tbc soldiers to refuse obedience
if called upon to fight against the workers.” The revolutionary
propaganda was also extended to the British sailors and soldiers
stationed in China. Leaflets were distributed among the troop*
in Shanghai and Canton calling forth the ire of the bourgeois
Press. On the occasion of the \i*it of the French Fleet to ling,
land, the British Communists distributed leaflets among the
French sailors, calling on them to co-operate with the English
sailors and workers against Anglo-French Imperialism and for

the defence of the Soviet Union.

The Y.C.I., of G.B. has issued a detailed program of
soldiers* and sailors' demands. Important is the fact that during
the last period the British Parliament decided on some concessions
for the soldiers and sailors, among others the right to wear
civilian clothes during free time, which is one of the demands
of the soldiers’ and sailors’ program for a long lime propagated
by the Y.C.L.

The V.C. L. of America started two years ago its systematic
work in the army and navy.

Chief importance was placed on propaganda among the
troops leaving for China. With the commencement of American
intervention in Nicaragua the League developed a broad defeatist
propaganda action among the population and in the army. The
slogans issued in the struggle against the attack on Nicaragua

were

** Down with American Imperialism."

** lamg Live the Revolt in Nicaragua."

** Soldiers and Sailors, Refuse to Shoot Down the
Revolutionists in Nicaragua."

** Soldiers. Fraternise With the Revolutionists. "

As a result of this propaganda some soldiers of the American
Army went over to the side of the revolutionary Nicaraguans, and
are now lighting in the ranks of Sandino against American Im-
perialism. The League Press warmly greeted this news and
openly* called upon the sailors and soldiers to follow the ux ’imnlt

2'hlr ^..!mp0rlan! .SP,,CI‘*S of aiiti-mi|i,arist work art

the ( imcns Military mining Camps (bourgeois camps for ,he
m.htary teaming of the youth), which received during the I ,*t
period a great influx of young workers. Th, l eague torcfotf
carries on revolutionary propaganda ins ,,, ,ik.£ ,n’

many caves ihcv succeeded ;« L 1 *,nipS*

C.M.T.C. members for the D-aeue g fr°m ",c ri,nks l,( tl,e

AGAINST WAR AND MILITARISM 29

American chis* justice lias thrown some crimriiilei, and also
seme soldiers, in prison for many yean, Ik-cmisc of their ami
militarist propaganda.

Tin* possibilities of re\ olui ionary propaganda in tlw armv its
comparatively favourable. If you take into consideration that
faccnidiiig to report s of the War Department in 19^7) 13,000

soldiers desei led from the army because of bad treatment and
hard service, we can see, that the American Army offers good
soil for revolutionary propaganda.

Before the American League still stands the great task of
ideological clarification and the overcoming of pacifist deviations.

In Belgium t lie Lea I'Ve considerably strengthened itv anti*
militarist work- Irr**>f of the Influence of the League in if*e army
arc the many letters from active soldiers, published in the League
press. On tlu* ocritsian of the yearly f alling in of recruits, the
League11 organises throtigout the romitry meetings and ronfiTPire^
of recruits. Quite recently the I Prague has also ferried on a
campaign against the intended reorganisation of The armv and
for the shortening of the time c>f service from twelve to >i\ months.
In the various garrisons, soldiers* papers have been issued. The
Government has instructed all units 1 he army to adopt sin ng
methods against anii^fniliiarist propaganda in the army, and to
prosecute ruthlessly all soldiers who write for the workers’ press
The (it ivernitlciU also plans further measures against the Y,C. 1,-
In spite of certain successes in anti -militarist work, it must
he staled that the Y.CLL. of Belgium does nni sufficiently utilise
all possibilities of work in the army.

The \ oung Communist League of Italy carries on its anti-
militarist work under tremendously difficult illegal conditions.
It publishes regularly soldiers* papers and a special paper during
the \ early calling in of recruits ra!l%il ** 1 N* Rvcru.il-** Inuring the
rtvoil period many revolts occurred in the Ita'ian army and navy.
In the town of Cmmone, for instance, young -soldiers re" liming
from militarv exercises sang the Internationale, thus protesting
against the War Danger and Fascism. This incident created
great excitement among I he officers and Fascist?!*

In general, the anti-militarist activity id the League is much

weaker than its work in other spheres*

Splendid revolutionary activity in the army is Ixdng carried
on by the YT ", L* of Greece. I he League has great influence in the
navy and army* and icgularly publishes literature for the soldiers.
In t*j- >* in various places revolts in the (neck army took place,
resulting in mass arrests. In Salonika alone -4 young soldiers
were sentenced lo long terms ef imprisonment*

During the las* few years Che Young Communis* Leagues ®*
l’olaml ami Uzeclio- Slovakia have began to carry on systematic

30 YOU NO COMMUNIST I NTKR NATION Al.

mlt-mitiuir) wotk in tlto uriiiu1^* l lit* I oli>li iunUii|>

under ,»ovi dilVnult o.nditi. m*. published at its la«|

conference n detailed s.-MU-rs* programme and has issued for sonic
time .» centra! soldiers* paper and various other soldiers' papers.
1, extends it^ propaganda «>l di>intet»ration also to the Fascist
military organisations like “ Strjelok ” and “ Sokol." During
tin- railing '<» “I recruits. many dt manstiations have taken
place. In Poland, which immediately threatens the I.S.S.R.,
the anti-militarist propaganda in the army and among
the civilian population, particularly in the territories bordering
on Russia, with their string national minorities, is of the utmost
importance*

In Oocho*S1 n v a k in the l eague carried through, rtwo years
ago, joint K with the Early, widespread agitation a .gainst the
taking awav from the soldiers the right To* vote, and against the
intended introduction of obligatory* pre-mil it a ry training of the
youth. This campaign was warmly greeted by the soldiers in
the barracks* ‘I lie Government was obliged because of this
resistance to drop for the time being its plan for p re- military
training of the youth.

When the t '/echo-Sln% akian bourgeoisie, during the July Up-
rising of the workers in Vienna, threatened an armed expedition
against Yustria, the League, in thousands of illegal leaflet*, urged
the soldiers to refuse to murder the Austrian workers.

In the last year the League has carried on gtxid work
among the recruits. In most of the districts numerous recruit
farewell celebrations and meetings were held* Newspapers,
leaflets, and pamphlets were issued in four languages. During
the calling in of the recruits, derm nst rations took place in various
localities. I he recruits marched to the stations with red flowers
lit their buttonholes, singing the ** Internationale."

The same picture could be seen during ibis year's campaign
among the recruits. In the course of the year the League has
undertaken the organisation of Recruit Leagues.

The anti-militarist work of ihe Czechish League is very weak,
in spite of the fact that there are good possibilities for this work,
e.g., the existence of a mass Communist Party, great Communist
influence in the army, the fact that more than half of the

soldiers voted Communist, the fact that the army consists of many
nationalities, etc.

The Young Communist League of Germany still p;,vs in-
MUhcunt attention to revolutionary work in the army ami police,

Until c.,r, be traced back in the main to the difficult condition*
ti r propaganda inside the German army and police

1 o,m r“ I*' ST ,Tntl* the Lt l^uc ^Hcs well in .he “ ReU bs-
l..miur (sot . at tkmocr«t,c semi-military organisation), and in

AC. A INST WAR AND MILITARISM 3,

the FiiMisI organisations, ami carried on joint work with the

I'rmiConinHuusK nmnng Hie Frem 1, Armies of (Xrupaiion on
the Rhine. r

the Y.C’.L. of Holland carried through a bio campaten in
.nnpmtt'on with the revolt in Java against Dutch Imperialism.
During Hit last period, haih ts and dtipliiatvd soldiers’ papers
have I H'cu regularly published.

ton side ruble success in ami-niililurist work has been
achieved by the Leagues In the Scandinavian countries. On the
in i a mi m uf the yearly vsits of fleets to the Scandinavian countries
ihe Young Communist League* of Norway, Denmark, and
Sweden disl ributed leaJlets amongcreuw t.f the foreign battlc-
ships. The niton of the English, l'rmch and other battleships
were t ailed upon to ;h t in solidarity with the workers and ocasants
Of Soviet Russia and the workers of all countries! anX> right
shoulder to shoulder with the workers t.f all countries against
nit* mi a 1 ional imperialism. In the course fit ihe last year manv
arrests were made its connection with the propaganda among the
foreign ere vts in Denmark and \ or wav.

'\ lie Y.(*.L. of A r^cntin:i has iimlerlnkt-n a few ffood cam-
paijfrt* against militarism. Particularly good work was done
during last year's campaign among the recruits, which was
fidliiwi'd hv manv arrests.

I lie \ *t * L- of Canada has also devrVpi ! g<ud anti-militarist

work.

In spite of its numerical weakness, the Young Communist
League of Japan has extended its work to the army, and pub-
lished a program *>f soldiers' ami sailors' demands. During the
recent mass arrests in japan in connection with the dissolution
of the League, many active soldiers were arrested.

On the occasion of the I tain* French conflict* which
threatened t*> lead to new war, the Young C ommunist Leagues of
1 tat) a ml France launched a joint campaign against French and
Italian Imperialism. In a joint manifesto the y*Hing workers
of Italy ami France were called upon to refuse to defend their
own country in of war, to fight for fraternisation and trans-
formation of the imperialist war into civil war on both fronts.
Similar act kin was undertaken b\ the Y.C.L.s of Italy and Jugo-
slavia, when thr conflict bet ween the two countries very nearly
broke out into open war. The breaking off of diplomatic rela-
tion* on the part of Great Britain was answered by the Young
C ommunist Leagues of England and l\S*S* R. by a joint mani-
festo calling fur struggle against British Imperialism and for the
defence of the ITS.S.R., the mother country of the workers of
the whole world.

i hc international actions of the Y.C.L

l he occasion

p »

,2 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

intervention In Cltinn. the impcriiiliht wars Morocco,

Svria an«l Nicaragua during the eonilivts among tl« cap>ta1i||

'll" At ers or the inineriiilist xv.ir threats against the Soviet Union-
ill tfaeM- have proved that the Y.C.I. has risen fur above the
limits ol bourgeois mother countries, ami that it nets in the spirit
nl true international proletarian soliilarily. I he \ .CM. is an
iuternntiomil vt action, which knows hut one mother country,
the country of the proletarian revolution— the l .S.S. R. I

The anti-militarist propaganda in the army and among the
... Deration of workers, who have not made the perst nal

ticqttaintaiH r with a world wtir, and who, therefore, fall easier
t ii tiins to tin inlhience of the imperialist war-mongers, must
;ils.> in the future remain the chief task of the Young C ommunist
International. I fie most important tasks in the sphere of anti-
militarist work are : Systematic propaganda in the army for the l
raising of its political level, strengthening of our organisational
work inside the army and navy, anti drawing in also the Com- i
iminisi Parties to systematic anti-militarist work.

The I ight for the United Front

T l*i* (fUC'*! ion of thr United I1* rani ta* lies was in the itntrr
< discussion at i he I *" i f t f > Congress of the C.l, and the Fourth
of the- V.CJ, The Congresses condemned thr opportunist
(tegenemvioft of United Fn«H tactics, as shown in Germany in
but at the sum*' lime the ultradrft tendencies were aiisth
lately reject ed, Although* therefore, the question q m y , ■"

I he I ijii- ft liLtimiiiJ. considerable resistance aL'ainM the orat lieal

A hr In^^^uriuthtl t oos it leral >!c resistance against the practical
application of the I mud Front tactics was evidenced in the
various Panics and league*. J in- Kumpran conference of the
YAM. in July, tQ’v look, thcrefuri-, a stand against those
deviations, and laid down concrete guiding lines for the mo t
important Jum»|icmi l.i'a^urs.

1 ” I n August, H)-\> the YAM., l>y means of an open letter,
approached tin* Kjcccuiivc ( VimmittrL1 of the S» ialist Vouih
Interna l gtmnl, proposing set huild the United Front against the
danger of new vur>, par tit ukirlv against the intervention in
C hina and the war preparations against the Soviet Union, against
the While Terror anti for the defence of the economic interests
of the voting workers, for international trade union unity. At
the same time, we proposed t«» the S.Y.I, to undertake a cam-
paign foi the sending o! young workers' delegations to the Soviet
Union*

After a long silence the bureau of the S.Y.I. gave an answer.
Our proposal joint struggle against White Terror and reaction
was left unanswered. Ihe proposal of joint struggle against War
was rejected with the explanation that the S. YA , ^jjfld already
taken a stand on the question of war in the derisions ol their
congresses, unit tluu it reserves to itself the freedom of calling
the voting workers to action against war and war danger M at
the opportune moment.1* Also, the proposal for a joint campaign
in favour of internal iomtl trade union unity was rejected by the
SAM. It declared itself, however, willing to accept our pro-
posal for the sending of vouih delegations lu the Soviet L n:on
t n eondith a that the composition of the delegations
should he arranged with the full agreement of the Central Com-
mittees of the Socialist ^ mith Organisations in the various
count iie>, F tin her more t I lie Socialist 'South International

de* lured iis readiness to ^end thumseh es a delegation to the Soviet
Union, the members of which should he selected by them, which
should have their own interpreters and full lights to get in per-
sonal contact with Uje imprisoned members of the Menshevist
Youth organisations in the Soviet l nion.

, . V< H 1 St 1 CC >M MUNI ST 1 NT 1C R N AT I ON At,

Win n ’lit: S.\ .1. w iotf ihi> U-lti-r, l*om Aumiu.

Germany, C*cclK>-Slov*kia, Belgium, ainl France had tjonc l0
' AtnonK tlu»c ik-lcgalitm* were many >‘*un« MieijJ
dcmocrntic workers. In all these countries the Central torn,
miitees of tin- S<« i.ilisi Youth organisations had refused to parties
p.M,, in ihe enmpaigiix for tin* sending of delegations, ami eve*
threatened the members of tin Soonl Democratic Youth organha.
l'l0ns participating in these delegations with expulsion. The
N.C.I.. in Its reply, pointed out ibis contradiction between tlir
words and deeds of the social democrats, and declared that it is
still rv.ul> lo SCI Up ii committee with equal representation from
the Social Democratic Youth organisations for the organisation
,.| delegations, stressing, however, the absolute necessity that the
delegates should be young workers elected by the youth working
in the respective factories. The second proposal, to send a dele-
KaViMM of the Socialist Youth International, in other words, a
delegation of the leaders ol tlu- SsH-ialist Youth organisation-. \\n*
rejected by us. as we could jql yxmi- 1 aii^iuibia s set I judgment

,,j (he position inTtMi-StMtTUnirrti from avowed political enemies.

This second letter was never answered by the Socinlist Youik
International, but, in their Press, they tried to inform their
membership, to whom they did not disclose the wording of <>u-
letters, tlr.it the Communists had refused j« int delegations. How-
ever. the German Socialist Youth paper, “ The Leader,*’ had W
admit that we only rejected a delegation from the Central Com-
mittees. and not a delegation of young workers front the factories.
The paper opposed the letter with the explanation : *' They (the
Communists) do not want, therefore, a delegation whirl i ha*
suHicicni knowledge necessary for this purpose, but they onh
want voting workers, who go on their journeys totally unpreparef,
in order that they should report as facts that which they have
heard, without any criticism.” litis was not only an insult to tlx
•* -imple” young workers, members of the Socialist Youth Inter-
national, but it proved again that the Socialist ^ out It International
was not at all keen on sending an unprejudiced young workers'
delegation, but wanted to send a delegation <>| count »*r-rrvo1u*
i mint y social dcmoeratic leaders, consciously opposed beforehand
to the Soviet Union.

In spite of the refusal of the ^socialist 1 outh lenders to par-
tie i pate in the organisation ol delegations <>l vi.iing factory,
workers, am! in spite of the fact that they prohibited the part id
t,on of _ members of the Socialist Vourt International

THR UNITED FRONT

International could not prevent the rapidly growing sympathy of
the you tip worker* for the Soviet Union, or stop broad mawc*
ol sm till tlcnvM nitir young workers from participating in many
cither actions jointly with young I bmmtaitim. In thr action*
flu \ X , I . against ihr i apitMisi offensive and for international
trade union unity against war in MorotTO — in Mippori of the
(central Strike ant! Miners Strike in Great Uritam— agniinst inter-
visiilkin in C hina ami for the defence of the Soviet Union against
the consequences of c apitalist rational! mi! inn — noi only broad
masses of non-party young workers participated, but the lyest gee*
t ion ft of the membership of the Socialist Youth International* If
in all countries an ever-grow inff opposition )ia> developed in the
Socialist Youth organisations, it is to no small extent caused
by the growing revolutionary conv ioUftftes«§ which is growing
among the young worker members of the Socialist Youth Inter-
na" lortul. as ,i testllt of the sabotage hv iln ir leader* of the pa?-
postil to carry on a joint struggle with the Young Communis!

! .engues.

It is itiijfeissilile t o rnnrner.iti the most important United
I** ront fictions in all countries, and we must, therefore, limit
ourselves here to a review of a few countries.

Our Italian League carried through the United Front under
the* inoM difficult conditions n| illegality and Fascist terror* In
the years 1044-25 the league organised 54 young workers’
conferences, in which approximately 4tooo delegates pan it i paled,
representing more than young workers. I he conferences

were mostly* composed of delegates from the* foctfcriisf ni.iftv vu*n*
tVn-P.irl\ voting wnrki rs and members u! the S« n ial-1 hunoerntic
y«U*b organisation. VII these nuitm-rnTy were railed illegally
uniter 'he Fascist terror, I he N.itioruil Congress of \ oung
Workers, which was held in Milan, was detected by the police,
and every delegate was arrested. The questions discussed at the
etaifercm*e uric the struggle against Fascism, the defence of the
econiOinic interests of the young workers against the employers*
and t heir henchmen, the reformist trade union leaders, and the
reruns* r in tii >n *4 the Free Trade unions, smasherl up by ibe Fascists*
I he results of this conference were a scries of e* onomic ltX>vc-
men"-. and strikes uf young workers which, in consideration of the
difficult conditions, were amvpanitivdy frequent and successful.
The a oung textile workers of Elicllu, for instance, forced an
increase of their wages from to-14 lire to 1S-40 lire per day.

In mj-*s our V oung C’omiminisi League made a United Front
proposal to the Republican, Maximalist and Reformist youth
organisations, in wliich it propi^i d, apar* from the struggle
against Faft< i>ms and for the economic demands of the young
workers, the struggle against the war danger and the defence

36 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

of the Soviet Union. The i^ur also made a proposal to M.n,i
young workers* delegation to the Soviet Union. The leaUtri
of the above youth organisations rejected the United i't<m
ptoposnl, hut nevertheless in the localities and factories, %
Maximalists Republicans, Reformists, Anarchies, Syndicalist#, ^
Cal holies entered into the United Front Committees side by v.^
with non-Tam young workers, In Milan, where tile stronger
Maxitnaliv' youth organisations exist, the ( ciUnil Committal
tilVieiallv participated in the work of the United Front Committal
This also happened in mans other localities* Among the CalhoSfc
young woikcrs, the proposal to send a young workers' delegation
to the Soviet Union was particularly popular. Groups of youi^
Catholics were organised in order to collect the mrccssan mone;
and raise an agitation. In Turin, group of young Cat hollo
Issued a manifesto tor the sending of a delegate n. In spite d
the active counter-campaign ol the leaders of the Maximalist ar;
Catholic votrh organisations, a great section ol the niembershij
worked jointly with the Communists, During u>’6t 30 young
workers' conferences were organised. The following table shorn
the composition of t i conferences.

From Dele- Non-

fadorict, Com. Party

U iti *

ib, S* mlk

Turin

.Vi

tti

2*)

—

VielUi

— .

—

- —

—

VI it:m

7 (,i

—

— .

Vnn-se

— *

—

- —

Mi ^dna

‘5

■ ■

—

iifnon

“

< — -

iiolngcia

3<>

y 1

- —

—

Verona

2 >

1 1

- —

—

Novara

- — -

■ —

—

— —

Parma

4°

—

- —

. —

- -

Rome

i*i

■

3*6

$**

*54

<&s

it)

In the

m< >s\

important

industrial

centres

and

factor irn Youth Comm it le

i^mai enures and in man}

. _ _ rolflnriart i|nii.. were sv5 up,

A Natuwil Committee for sending a vouih .lcli-iraiiun t« tin- Smie

«<*» w~. * three

three Maximilists, three tton-Pany ym.njr ' workers, two Re-
publicans, mo CatM.es, one Anarchist an. I cm.- Syndicalist.

After more repression through Fascist persecutions. tH
l « i^u. .iK.uii orgamscil, in the second half of ,«,j- series 4
conferences, vvhtch were still more largely® attended *
c e elates from the factories. |n the peri.nl from' InU o )c ober

attended by ,o7 young workers* defecs f7Z
employing 3..000 and .0,000 youS worW

the united front 37

ddcgales were 56 Communists, 57 mm-Party, ro trade unionists,
4 t a l holies, 1 Maximalist ami i Anarchist. The agenda for these
m 11 fvr cures consisted in moM ,a rs of repots from representatives
of the individual f* triorles on the conditions of the young
workers and reports from ibe you* It delegations to the
Soviet Union. All factory conferences had for their

Object Ihc creation of United From Committees from delegates
id diltereiF factories* In muih* cases delegate conferences f 4 » r
single factories were called. Through the dissolution of all other
anti-FasciSt youth organisation^ with the exception of the Young
Communist League, the United Front committees in the factories
played an important rote and became the centre and rallying
point of all nnti-Fascist young Markers. Through them our
Y.C.L. has succeeded in winning the lu st elements from the
Maximalists, Re for mist, Republic ran and Catholic young workers*
organisations for the Y.C-L.

Our \ oung Communist League of France carried through in
*0-5 n widespread anti-miliiarbc campaign against the war in
Morocco* I "Tom March to July, 17 regional conferences were
organised, which were preceded hy a great number of factory
meetings and public demonstrations. In the district of Lyons,
140 such conferences were held, in the Parts district 250. The
young workers* congresses rallied 1.500 delegates representing
410 factories, 7 von I districts 15 localities* Ala nit <jco of the
delegates were member-, of the \\C*L, 01 the Red Trade Unions,
and 550 non- Party young workers. At each of the congresses
the Red Trade Unions were represent* d. in some cases also
Autonomic and Reformist Trade Unions* The Congresses mostly
dealt with the question of the anti-militarist struggle again s* the
war in Morocco* and the position *d the young workers and their
demands In the French workers* ami peasants" congresses, many
youth delegates participated, who were linked up in a special
young workers* conference. Ti e i* ^ilt of this actb nn-bilizaiii n
w;is a growing movement against the war in Morocco, About
one million workers participated in *hc General Strike, which lasted
twenty-four 1 ours, in protest against the war in Morocco* Approxi-
mat civ 511 per cent, of the strikers were young workers-.

In the second half of 1925, a scries of young workers* con-
ferences were organised. In the Paris district sixteen conferences
look place, with 744 delegates attending, 542 of whom were
unorganised. In the province.-* fm iy -seven conferences were held,
live of which were conferences oi young peasants* These young
wi rivers* conferences were attended by 2,000 delegates, 700 of
\\ liom wei r unorganised.

Through these district co nferences the national Congress of
young workers at id peasants were organised, which took place

J8 YOUNG communist international

i,. pm is nit Nuvrmbrr .*1 and «*» »m»M by 4^* iU ■ *««!*«.
Tl.is 1 .mtir. ss Wi>* in Hu* first ptaco « ^*mof»lrai.«i ng»>n^
,, "■ ,ir in »ml Syria. In the diSC UOS.on on war quet.

U. ns two ooMfcr* an<l <m* sailor piirlu ipatr-tl. Aparl (rniii die
111 M . ... I', With the

,4 confwocc* of you, nr workers in the ink mm. in ««ler

to popularise the demutub. drawn up by the National

anil to ntt.lnlisc tin- young workers for the struck'. I- mall),

a« ,vpt«l the reports on the s,tu .« ‘ »b«\ y« ung

workers it, the Soviet Union, and elected a youth delegation.

In the tears following the French League continued its
United Front campaign. During this period, with the change
in the war position, the economic demands and the struggKj

* . i . i . • x nttnlivi mlionahsi^ion. s 1 1 st h l lit tile

of the voting worKiTh m uu ' - —

supported hv the Red Trade Unions. In several eases strikes, of
young workers were jointly led by the Communist League and
Red Trade Unions*

In Great Britain the struggle for the United Front received
particular importance in connection with the strong leftward
wing of the British working class, expressed in the setting ltP
ol the Angk>-Russian Unity Committee hi 102-1* The League
worked actively in the Minority Movement, the Congresses of
which accepted the proposals of the Young Communist League
ft r the organisation of the young workers in the trade unions
and the programmes of demands. Representatives of ihc Yoiinj
Communist League were elected to thu Executive Committee arid
u> numerous local comitlittecs of l lie Minority Movement. Thf
League conducted, with the help of the Left Wing of the irjiik
unions, a series of trade union youth conferences, in which de-
mands of young workers wen. put forth, and methods ti» organise
the young workers in the trail** unions were discussed.

The Y,C. L. approached the National Committee of the
Independent Labour Party Guild of Youth with the proposal for

joint struggle on behalf of youth demands. In spite of the re*
fusal of the National Committee, large sections of the Ciui^
c>rg,i m ".at ton hx ally and tin a district scale, participated lit t-*-
l niled Front The District Conference of the Guilds in Lon**
decidcd by » twenty to one majority for participation in the Unj»*

the united front 39

SffmJSSSL!'' — »*->“' ">* *> n*w'

The betrayal hy the reformist Icadcro of the general and
mimrs si,,k.- merrased the United From movement amoni; th.*
iin-i'iti'-i v of the Guilds. When ,h, Y.C.L. approached tl,c
N.n ..n.ii t oinmittec ol tin Guilds with a new United Front pro.
Pl>sal> ”»» ^"kgk- agahiM the tlirraicning war danger and the
imperialist ml erven lion jn ( hina, the Guild leadership again

i'cji.t,,l ihiv proposal. Many local organisations of the Guilds.

however , dcclnretl their readiness to jointly conduct a . m.paign
will, the V.t.L. against inicrveniion bj llritish imperialism in
C hm:i^ and ■ ( riN- fjucnHv a series of joint meetings and demonstra-
tions were organised,

J In Xatt* mil C«mfiTence of th*1 Guilds in June, *927, again
dealt with I hr <|itc stain id the I’nilid front, and rejected the
resolution calling fur the United Front by onlv a small majority
of twenty-nine n> twenty-four votes. Whilst they thus rejected
ihi* United From On a national settle* they unanimously accepted
resolutions t ailing for the l nilcil Front on the international settle.
In spile id tlii- decision of 1 he confidence (he United Front move-
ment kept on growing. 11k- Left Wing of the Guilds stood for
the United f ront with the VMM*., and many local organisation*,
among these the District ( of I ..aiuTashtre and Scotland

participated in the United Front under ihc slogans: Down with
the Baldwin Government, General Strike against the Anti-Trade
l nion Bill, Struggle against lilt (.fitting if the Unemployment
Benefit, Withdi awal of the Troops from C hina. After the break-
up of Vug l* e Russian relstii* ns, the slogan of : Resume the Anglo-
Russian dtplomal iu relation"* and defend the Soviet Union against
the a I larks of British Imperialism became the main slogan. The
result of the United Front tactics was that the Left Wing of
1 he Guilds came nearer and nearer to the YAM.. The Left Wing
put forth the demand of : Unity of the proletarian youth organisa-
tion tni the h.i>M of a revolutionary programme, and in spring,
19*8, a large section of the Left Wing groups entered the Y.C.L.

The German League organised In spring, 19.25, a broad cam-
paign for the sending < « f the first youth delegation 10 the Soviet
Union, In young workers* conferences, which were held in
all cl ist riels, not < nly were de legates clwU*d( but at the same
time ihc situation of 1 he young workers was discussed, and plans
of struggle for their demands outlined. After the return
of the delegation, a series of district voting workers’ con-
finnns were again organised, attended by delegates from fac-
tories, tin employed, factory schools, trade unions, sport organisa-
tions, etc. In all seventeen such young workers' congresses took
place, attended by alxml 1,750 delegates, representing more than

YOVNC. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL <

. , ytmiiK worker*. Tluse , onKi esses “Xttlvedllw report* of (he
PM workers* .kU*>l. on ami .Iw-uw.l *»“* M**'.* im^ranim*
oronoHi-d 1>V the Central t ommiue of the l.ernmn l.eaKi*. Hus
iweraintm-. which was acreptril by all coojrrews .lemnnikd the
Lharpest struck- aKnin»t the r^liu tion «l waR.-s. UnKtln-mnK of
hours. shnr lining of holidays. It also mrlude.l a series of <lc-
m:m 1> t. r the unemployed youoK wttrtor*. f Demands were made
to the t;. ncr.il Fetler.it ion <>f ('union Trade l mons (A.D.l>.l>.) to
imitu*.li:.1elv eall an . viraortlmary Trade Cni. n C.K.Bress to dcv-.sc
plans to fieht iijjainsi the capitalist offensive. 1 he Congresses I
n Iso declared in favour of complete expropriation of the ruling
houses, and the organisation of a national ballot. _ 1

The question nf i'\p^riiition camf to the foreground purlieu*

Inrly shnrplv in tin spring of igab. The Y.C.L. approaehed the
leading committees of the Socialist youth organisation and all
other proletarian youth organisations with the proposal of a joint
agitation for expropriation and the nntUnal ballot. Hie
Socialist vouth organisation rejected this proposal, but a series of
sport and cultural organisations scl up jointly, with the \ .C.l...

;i national committee to conduct tS't( expropriation 1 umpuigtv
\[iinv members of the Socialist youth entered the sub-committce*
io districts and localities in contradiction to the instructions of
the Central Committee* The catholic young workers participated
very strongly in the expropriation campaign* A series of catholic
voting organ* saltan** in spite of the instructions of the Centre
|*:irt> and i f th<* Bishop*, issued a mnntfedo in favt ur of
expropriation and many catholic young workers worked jointly
with the Communists in the United Front Commit tires and in the
agitation for expropriation.

In order to continue the broad ma^s movement cratcil In the
expropriation campaign, the Young Communist League of fier*
main org;inned a National Conference of the young workers.
This National Conference was again preceded bv a series of
young workers’ conferences in the districts at with h the delegate*
to the National Young Workers' Conference and to the second
Youth Delegation to the Soviet Union, were elected. The con-
ference laid particular stress an the participation of tic legate*
from the factories and factory schools. At the Berlin coitfcl
cnee, for instance, there were among the .^8 delegates defc*
gates by the factories and an equal number of delegates elected
from factory school. The agenda fur the National Co.ifrre3

™; l1'v '*rTK C ° f ,hc )’ounK workers ft gains! ,‘anii«|»

rntumah-at ..... ; la) unemployment ami (he young workers The
deciNJons unde rimed, pnrtkulark iK* t

«"K >'-V r,, ,orv .,4

oi me lrsicM unions in the fueUim*<. ic »***«•* t ,

s .is organs of the broad m3*5

THE UNITED FRONT 4,

movement of the young workers, TJie youth delegates partici-
pated also in the Congress of Toilers, which was held at the same
time, and which accepted the resolution of the Youth Conference,
tile result ^ of the National Voting Workers’ Conference was f§l
oi ah a revival ol the youth movement in the free trade unions.
At flic same time, in a series of large cJth a broad movement in
the factor) schools sprang up, School papers were issued, scWiU
councils vUi ted and the struggle of (lie- young workers in the
factory schools against growing reaction, against arrests and
corporal punishment, fur free sc hool supplies, etc,, was conducted.

At the sharpening of the situation in the Far Hast, the
National Committee of the Young workers issued a manifesto
against the war danger, against intervention in China and the
attacks against the Son lit In ion, and called for a mas> movement
of protest* In a series of localities joint demonstrations with
the workers" ^port organisations tiKjk place.

The Young Communist league also carried on a campaign
against cultural reaction, against the law prohibiting the liIc
and distribution of literature, etc., and against the intended re-
actionary school bill, jointly vs lib the workers’ sports and cultural
organ t sat ions*

The Kxccutivc Committee gave great attention to the develop-
ment of the l 'nited Front tactics, and all plenary sessions « 1 i s -
cussed the results and experience of the practical application of
the United Front* In this, it had to correct also same opportunist
mistakes. Particularly in Czcvho- Slovakia there was uncertainty
in the Central Committee or> the ms essitv of openlj coining out
with the exposure of the leadership oi the Czechish social demo-
cratic youth. A local organisation gave up its rig It! to openly
criticise the social dcimx^ratic leaders during the United Front
net ions, and in another case our comrades approached a nationalist
organisation with a United Front proposal. In Bulgaria our
comrade* >er up a United Front with the small and very weak
Socialist youth organisation, and gave up the criticism of its
leadership, in (treat Britain some comrades were of the opinion

that \vc must not trv to win recruits from the social democratic

# . --

youth for the YAM.., in order not to disturb the United Front,
However, all these mistakes were only exceptional eases, and
were comparatively easily overcome.

With the exception *»f a few cases, the executive could point
to very good bUorfsts in the United Front tactics and utilised
the practical exjx'nences of some Leagues for the whole Inter-
national. Such an experience was the organisation of the young
workers' conferences, which served as a gi**f means to rally and
mobilise broad masses of young workers. Weaknesses were,
however, often noticeable, in the following up of thcve coil**

44 young communist international 1

(cri'iiccs. Tin United Front action* often stopped at joint m.<,,
anil fttvvptamr of unanimous resolutions, ami it wan not
always possible to conduct activities (demonstrations, strikes) for
concrete demands.

The YAM conducted a discussion on tin* question of
or (fans of the United Front. The Sixth Homm at the end a
HJm decided on the necessity ot laying the centre of gravity
on the United Front ( uinittttlces in factories and make these thi
only organs of the United Front over a long period. On th^
other hand, United Front t ommittees on a district and national
scale should only be set up .is temporary organisations, and o*th
for special * ampaigu*. The correctness of these devising weft
proved in practice. The United Front Committees on the dtfttriu
scale proved mostly only to be temporary organisations fa
specially defined tasks* I'nitcd Front Committees in the kn&
torie* were* however, only set up in a few eases. h was most!
only possible to organise local committees with strtin^ represent*
tioty^Jtvm the factories* I

Another question which was cleared at the Sixth Plenur
was the question of the United Front with the republican, parifk
and religion* youth organisations* Particularly with so®
Calholie organisations, mir Leagues in (irrfnanv and ItaK carm

■F

through United Front action. These were generally ven surce^
tub but our comrades al>o committed some mistakes by enteruf
into_ disij^ssitms with the religious leaders* instead of raNyU|
the members against l hem. The Plenum, thi

fore* 'dec ii let I that a l niterl Front in such organisations is rd
admissible in certain circumstances and on a lecal scale, andi
ihe organU.dions in quest ren oviMsf of ;i nTajoT ' 'IT \\ork:

mnd has great influence among them. *

liilc in UKJ-Jfi nur Lc&guCi made comparatively mat
l nut i! 1-ront proposal* to the leading committees of the SiH'iafi
youth organisations, those have become rare, because of the opt
ng i suing of the leaders of the Socialist youth organisation

and cMmqpimil} the cvcr4ncreasing bopefcssnes* of jomt :icti»
through the teadmsr organisation*, The June Plenum in ik
cnniicquenily <kyi<lcd to Hi row the wcfclit of our work more lh>

f ' * r, ' thc V’"1”1 '‘T*"* fr',m »*•>«>« in the foriories :.ml X

mnl“ ■•> tk. leaders j. »

into disi^ssUms ^
\ h e voumrlSjS^ilr

ZSS tl iTTt °PI *K* Ok. d*

^ reformists

m order to draw

The united front Ai

or Whig-class elements of I heir organisation* into a hUurn
Iruggh* against the Communists, anil they adopted consequently
arsh methods against I he United Front, This, however, cuminl
done explain the weakening «4 United l; root activity. I In fault
! ics pm ily also with our Leagues, which do not sufficiently under-
darnl during the sharpest fight against the Mieial democratic
cadets, how to establish the closest contact with the social
IcmiK ialii workers and to build stronger than ever the United
l^ront front below. Our bermun comrades, for instance, have
>nl> in exceptional cases approached the Socialist \ouih groups
and membership with proposals to draw up joint demands and

jointly mobilise the young workers during grave economic
st rug g tes*

I lie \\ orld t nngress will also have to pay more attention
to deepening and strengthening the United From from below.

THE YOUNG WORKERS1 DELEGATIONS TO THE

SOVIET UNION.

Phe young workers* delegations to the Soviet Union have
I .■ ‘ ^ 1 tht s t rengthening and broadening of the

movement for the United Front, Hundreds of thousands of
young workers actively participated in the organ! sat inn, election
r<n f sending of the youth delegations, and in the report com-
paigns alter 1 1 tcri r return. In nil delegations, not only non-party'
young workers were included, but also very many social demo-
crats young woikers* Despite the sabotage of the leaders of the
Socialist youth organisations, rmd in %p:ie of the fact that in
most countries participation in the organisation of delegations to
the Soviet Unt m were strictly prohibited, and everywhere social
demo* rn tie delegates were expelled, large sections of the member-
ship of the S Y.L participated in this work. The delegation cam-
paigns were broad mass movements of the young workers, as
powerfu1 demonstrations of sympathy with the young workers
of the Soviet l* n km, the first proletarian republic.

The reports of the delegations at the same time gave a great
impetus to the workers to follow the example of the Russian
young workers and to carry on the United Front at home for
the demands and interests ol the young workers in order to
achieve the same successes as the young workers and pea stmts of
the Soviet Union. In all countries not only the questions of the
si mat ion in thc Soviet Union, and the condition of thc Russian
youth were explained, but these were also compared with the
condition in the capitalist countries, rmd measures for the joint
struggle of the young workers on a national and international
scale were discussed. In most countries, therefore, the young

V1 VoUNO COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

work rrs' <1ilcj.:atii»ns 1mv;iii*c ihc starlinj; pnint for United Front
sn'tiiMi, in ili-ft-ncc of the cronoioic :n»<f political interests of the

yoinv({ workers* b 4

l lu* first young workers' ditegiitum to the Soviet Union was

m-iv. in September, 1925, by the Austrian ymmg workers. It eon.
>it.t«-<l of three niembeis of the StH-ialisf ymitb organisation, three
members of the huh pendent Socialist Youth organisation, which
had split from the Socialist Youth la-ague, two members of the
Y.U.l... and one member of the Sot-Sal Democratic I’arty. The
delr nation was enthusiast icuHy received in the Soviet Union,
visited Leningrad. Moscow, Ulinrkov, Baku and Tifiis, and bad
an opportunity to convince themselves in factories, workshops,
schools, clubs, and even in the prisons, of the real situation.
On their return, they gave the first report to the Young Workers’
Congress in Vienna, which was attended by about 30© delegates
from factories, schools, trade unions, sport organisations, N.C.L.,
Independent Socialist Youth League, and Socialist Youth League,
After acceptance of the report, the C ongress unanimously adopted
a resolution in which it said: “The Russian workers and
young workers have won after eight years of heroic struggle
against a world of enemies, conditions of labour which should
be a splendid example to the whole international proletariat. The
achievements of the Russian Revolution, the lour-six hour day,
adequate wages, four-six weeks’ paid holiday spent in sanu-
torimns, free and unhampered political activity, which are obvious
things 10-dav for the Russian youth, all these must spur us in
Austria to improve the position of the Austrian young worker**
by an energetic struggle.’’ The Congress also deckled to invite
a delegation of young workers from the Soviet Union to Austria.
After the Congress, a series of report meetings were organised
in which the decision to invite a delegation <>l Russian young vvor-
kers was accepted particularly with great enthusiasm. A reception
committee was organised from the representatives of the various
young workers’ organisations. Unfortunately, the young workers
from the Soviet Union could not satisfy the great expectation of
the Austrian young workers, because the Austrian Government
refused visas to the already elected delegation in spite of manv
demonstrations of proles, by ,hc workers and parti.'olarlv 'o we

workers* * *

_ The Austrian young workers’ delegation was followed

si 2- — V ” l.fa wM- -L V * E ■ S I a s J ■ t ;'ti m: a_ e. I . ■

by a

senes of delegations from other com, tries invited bv the Russian
voting workers. Younc worL*r rr , /- ^ h-

Slovakia, and Belgium visited |J,(. Sox-L-t™!' ’"T ’ , nVl‘’C’ 1 zccho*

delegation consisted of five members Tf ,!!?% ^ C^m"J
League, four members of the v r i 1 Socialist \outh

Social ist Larty of German v n. , T* 1 in e members cf the

erm any , two members of the Socialist I ’role*

THE UNITED FRONT A5

hiriaii League, am) one from i lie Red Young Front Fighters.

I he Czechish delegation consisted of three social democrats and
three < omnuinists. In spite of the prohibition of the soc ial demo*
era tic leaders, ilir majorit y o f the delegates were social demo-
cratic young workers. I'helr reports were listened to with the
greatest interest. 'I hr Grrm;m youn^ workers* delegation re-
ported at seventeen young workers* conferences representing
over 60,000 young workers. In addition to these conferences the
delegates spoke in the beg inning of March, 1926, at over ^oo
meetings to more than 50,0x1 young workers. The delegates
also reported in meetings of the members of the trade union
youth sections, the workers' sport organ! nations and individual
groups of the Socialist youth. The ( hish young worker tlele-
J gallon succeeded in carrying through up to the middle of 1926
110 report meetings.

The report campaigns of the first wi rkt-rs* ami young1
workers* delegation to l lie Soviet Union greatly contributed
towards exposing the lies of the social democracy and the bour-
geoisie about the Si>viet l nit n, and made the workers of Western
Europe become acquainted with the conditions and life of the
Russian proletariat. This strengthened the sympathy for the
Soviet L’nion and inc reased the desire to re* oive still more detailed
information about Soviet Russia, anti to establish closer tics with
the workers of the Soviet L’nion,

In am iimn, 1926, youth delegations again travelled to the
Soviet Union. This time from (irmt Britain. Italy* Germany*
I’VanCf', Sweden, Norway, and Holland. Particularly important
was the delegation from Great Britain* in which, in spite of the
refusal of the National Committee of the Guilds of Youth to parti-
cipate* five leading functionaries of the Guilds were represented.
A very important role was a No played by the youth delegation
from Fascist Italy, which travelled illegally to the Soviet Union*
and in which social democratic and Uuthol-C young workers were
included* These delegations on their return conducted a broad
1 campaign which met with the greatest interest ant! participation
of the voting- workers. Particularly good were the results of the
voting workers' delegation in Great Britain. I he reports of the
social democrat young workers considerably added towards the
strengthening of the Left W ing in the Guilds of Youth of the
Independent Labour Party and towards the establishment of the
United Front of die British young workers against the attacks
of British Imperialism against the Soviet Union. In Sweden
the delegation campaign resulted in a wide movement for an in-
1 vitation of a young workers' delegation from the Soviet L nioti to
[j Sweden, in which campaign, in spite of the refusal of the Social
Democratic Youth Leagues, various groups of the Socialist youth

46 YOUNT. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

purilt ipai. O. \nain, i» Ibis f»M* tin* Imurgi-oU government

i a ri- 1 ill Hi pr« vent y*inij* worker*. Imiti Soviet Russia from p«f.
si i hi ill v rr|»irtin^ iiIkuiI tluii I Hi*, ilu-ii com lit ions of living to
i imtttirt s nt tin" iMjiit .ilist K'lmtrU-s, mill to (siahlislt ,-k*^
i otii;H k \x ii li them.

ut part Yular importance \vm* the )t workers’ dclcga*
Hon% which visited the Soviet l nit hi (luring the celebration <4
ilu tenth aHitivvFsin t>l ihr Russian Revolution in Novem^f
11)^7, because ol the serious political situation, ici whirl i they
took place. It was over -shadow rd bv ihr incriiasnl imperialist
war populations and tin* attacks against tin* Soviet Union, die
nnlv uorket s republic of l In* whole world, which for ten )thi>
victoriously defended itsrlf against an army of enrnies, ami which
was building up Socialist et onomv. In ihis situation the demon*
si rations and i imfiTcm rs to organise* the delegations Ui the
Sovi-t I'nion took the character of den umsi rat tons lor the defence
of tin1 Soviet l Hum against all impel ialisl attacks. Die sending
t'f over a thousand young si ml adult workers was a tremendous
inonsti a! ion ol sympathy towards the Soviet I 'nion, an expres-
sion of 1 he active partic ipation of the class-const iotls workers
of t' e whole world in the celebration hy the Russian proletariat,
and -i pledge to defend the Soviet Union. The international bour-
geoisie correctly understood the meaning and increased political
mipnriiim r ot these delegations* This they proved 1 1 vr increased!
perse* utions and attacks against the delegations, I hr Italian
young workers* delegation, of course, had to travel ugait
illegally, and the Greek Government also prnhihiled and prr-
\ enter I the young workers' delegation by refusing To issue visas.

In Bulgaria the youth delegates wi re arrested, and in Cascchiv
Slovakia the demonstration and meetings in preparation of the
youth delegations were prohibited.

All this oppression, however, dii! not prevent the yoimeH
workers from travelling in greater numbers than ever hetore in!
i!n* Soviet Union. There eanu- youth delegations from Great
Britain, Germany, Franiv. Czecho-SInvakia, Suulrn Voru iv -.ml

“•w- *«■ •«* »•••" ^ r» LZ

e. n, ral workers deleKalujns of all countries, as for instance, front

Chma Ar^nt.nc, Brarf, Uraguay, Italy, Mongolia, I’olank
I mLiml, Lstlioniii, Austria and Sivil i i ... >. ..

e im.iiui, a. Austria and Swlf*erland. In d) there were

...Khty youth delegates from twenty countries. <>, .hese thirty.

seven were Communists, sixteen Sneba i\ . . , 1 , “ JH

one C' zee liish Socialist and the mi °er,us, three Christ iam,

"nu "" rcsl "«» party young workers. I

l or tile firs*, lime, youth ddeiraii.^ r . I ■

America, the colonies ;,u<| ,froni Chinn an<l •Sou,h

u partic ular important role i, i V!'" S' hW* arrivc«* whic li pla>

,n ,he smuggle against world

the united front

imperialism, and the young workers and peasants of which arc
therefore attached to Soviet Russia with increasing sympathy!

The* delegates were not only aide* to Minh the- situation in
the Soviet Union, but were also witnesses of how the workers in
ine Soviet l/nion celebrated the tenth anniverary of the Russian

Kevolutic :n, the achievements of i< u years of work, and they
pledged themselves to do all in their power Hr defend the gains

Of llie Russian Revolution against the attacks of the iipil.iliv
world.

The young workers delegations pan j, ipah J in the CYngn-s
of the Friends of the Soviet Union, w hich was attended by ove*
delegate*, and afterwards held a special conference of the
\ oung l'rii*mb ul the Sovie* Uninn, Tlu* cenferenre aeeepicii
the rcpt.rt ui the secretary of the Young Communist League of
the Soviet Union on t he economic, political and cultural achiev*-
ment of t lie young workers ;ind peasants of the S<niii Union.
The delcgalCN, who, during ihcir travels in 1 he Soviet Unit u, had
an opportunity of personally ci m i nr in g thttn>ebes of i!a correct-
ness the surtmems pointe l cut. in the resolution* Hit-

trememlous improvement in the situaitnn of the young worktr-i
under the dictatorslrp of the prolct.irial* and ^aui! that ♦ nly
through the proUrlarian revolution, through the correct p<>lic}
of the Sm ie* (!m< rminni under the leadership of th h Conimuni^i
I ’arty and the Young Communist League, could youth of
the Smh“t Union win Mich great achievements.

On 4 lie question of ** The War Danger the Soviet Uni* .1
and the Youth " three reporters spoke; a British %< vial ilemocratie
young worker, a (lernmn social denu cralii young worker and a
French V'oung CcMimufiisl. After a goo^I discussion a te^olutioa
was accepted, which called upon young workers of ihr whole
world to be read v * o defend the firsi proletari m state a ;arnst all
attack v of world imperialism, which recalls the glnrii.us iraiittii a-
of the proletarian youth in 'lie anti-militarist struggle, the teach-
ings of Karl Uebkm*cht anil the example of the French sailors
in the Black Sea, and which appeals to the young workers to
fight in t hi* spirit of these heroic exampVs. llie ft solution

opposes pacifist phrases and illusions about the League cf Xalicns,
('onrt> of Arbitration and other organisations *»f the capitalist
powers and und cranes that onlv the revolutionary struggle of *he
working tdiiss ihr* ugh mass actions, dem* Titrations, strikes .mil

revolutionary' work in the arm\ can war be prevented, < r in case
of an on ‘break of war result in tin* victory id the Soviet Umnn
This resol u tk n was unanimously accepted with great enthusiasm
bv the Congress, which consisted of a rrajority nen Communist

young workers.

Wit h these guiding lines the young workers delegations

.,8 VOll NO COMMUNIST INTEKN ATIONAI,

i^unu-tl to their i cspceii v e countries in on!* r to report to thrii
electors ami all the young workers. Again broad masses 0f
\mmg workers and peasants in all countries received \drh
uvw ntfous interest the reports, on the life, achievements, uad the
struggle o( the youth in the Soviet Union* The v supported in
tlnii in ervvlielinmg majority the derisions ol the Congress &f
the Young Friends ol the l\S.S* R. that it is the duty of the young
worker- ol the win V world 'o support the )4Uith c:f the So% i,j

Union in its struggle and to defend the building of socialism
against all capitalist attacks,

li is now the duty of *he Young Communist Leagues to raBi
the voting workers, sympathising with the Soviet Union, in :\n
organise I might) front of struggle against all war preparation*
again s: the socialist mother country *af the toilers of the whok
world.

Leading the Struggle for the Demands
and Interests of the Young Workers

L FROM TUI ; FOURTH TO THE FIFTH WORLD

CONGRESS OF THE YX.I.

1 he period since the Fourth World Congress is the period of
the practical commencement of the work in the trade unions by
many sections of the YtCM. These four years of trade union
work were conducted in a period of relative stabilisation of
capitalism tluring which it attempted to throw the burden of
rationalisation, the costs of resurrect ion of capitalist economy no
the shoulders of the young1 and adult workers. Reduction in
wages, lengthening of hours, intensification of labour, piece-
work, and speeding-up system, robbing of social anti political
rights — these were the aims of capitalism in the years of rationali-
sation, which was carried through with the active or passive
support oil the reformist trade union bureaucracy, which aided the
rebuilding of capitalist economy with their theory of economic
democracy and industrial peace.

One of the characteristics of the work since the Fourth Con-
gress of the Y-U.L is the inception and leadership of the struggle

for the element a rv demands of the vouth in the factories. At the

■#

time of the I 'mirth Congress the question of our trade union work
was very hotly discussed, hut very little practical activity was
carried on.

It has been prosed by experience that in the struggle against
the effects of eaplalist rationalisation no general demands or so-
called programmes of demands should be put in the foreground,
but the struggle for elementary demands which arise in the
factories and work schools.

In the field of knowledge of practical trade union questions
(youth welfare and rights, legislation, (aril! systems, knowledge
of trade union agreements, trade union statutes and trade union
apparatus, etc.) there was little under-standing by our trade union
functionaries. The increased attention which the trade union
(jiie.stlons demanded in the factories, forced our trade union func-
tionaries to go deeper into the nature of these problems. Some
Leagues, particular!) die German League, had to lead a broad
campaign of clarification in order to train trade union
** specialists,*' who were equal to the sly reformists in questions
of trade union affairs. This task of continuously training trade
union functionaries is not yet completed in the German and other
Leagues,

VOUNi; CnMMPMST INTERNATIONAL

Some Leagues, which up it* ami alter the time of the Fotu*
rondos of ihr V.(M, were considered to be* the most backup
in tlie sphere ot tragic union wink, considerably improved ^
nvrioame theii Imrkwai dness, I He German League, in (Ll
present trade union work, compared with the trade union
previous to the Fourth World < undress, have made threat sui^
The open lellei of the Comintern to the (senium Party and tv,
discussion on the open letter, which was conducted by the whq*
German League, including the lowest organisational unit,
group* and nuclei, has * on if ibuled much towards this impnL.
men! .

Idle period from I lie Fourth to the Fifth Congress saw xb
clarification of important problems in trade union work* TV
effects id capitalist tationdtsuiion on the young workers; raiwi^

* >t the schtHil-leavmg age, which was proposed by the refarmlv
as a measure to reduce unemployment; the question of \\
organisational forms « *f the youth work in the trade unkfc
(youth commit i ees and youth sections), which had been discusv
ever since the Second World Congress of the V*C, L ; the r&
of the young workers in the economic struggles, t he inclusion 0
apprentices in the strikes of the workers and the indopcndcs
youth strikes ; ah these questions were subjects of discussion *
various plenary sessions ot the K*C.Y„(\L, which eonsi derail
contributed towards intensification of our trade union work t
all the leagues.

II. TUB FIGHT AGAINST Till: CAPITALIST OFFFN5IVI
AND AGAINST Till! EFFECTS OF CAPITALIST

RATIONALISATION.

tlu- Sixth 1‘k-mim of the Y.C.I. ( November-Decent H
1936) for the first time took a stand on the questions of capital
rationalisation and its effects, on the young workers. Irk 19

political resolution of the Plenum, it was said:--

■ l lie capital, st rationalisation of production whtt

1>r‘,,n,nc^x- *" lhc *!»«"« weight Of voting workers i*
the factor,, .. throws at the s»m« time considerable numhM

young workers mu> tin* street, whh the

ruble num#
result that tl*

mobilisation of tiw' mass if A''’ ' "tr> ?nc "'Ovcmcn’t. U|
take place on thv basis of rv.rr* iVV?rkin®’"c*i,ss vouth mu*1

PJ,rl,a! ‘'cmands. In' conned**

LEADING THE STRUGGLE 51

with \ he new phenomena which are the ovi iconic of rational i*
sat ion, the Plenum deems it necessary to put the economic
partial demands of the youth into a more concrete forms
Particular care should !*■ taken in the signing of new roller*
live agreements and in connection with all economic conflicts
that special demands be includrd for young workers o\ er tK,
which has up till n ow hardly ever been (he practice of the
V.CiLs. Bui while the centre of gravity of the struggle
against the social consequences of capitalist rationalisation
are partial demands, slogans must be found for the linking
up of these partial demands with the uni form revolutionary'
policy which will stir up the masses for political struggle—
such slogans should be: (i) Against capitalist stabilisation,
(2) against allowing the capitalist rationalisation swindle to
make l lie position of the workers still worse, (j) for raising
the standard of life of the working class, (4) for proletarian
dictatorship a rtf I the socialist organisation of economy, {5)
not capitalist but Socialist rationalisation/*

The principal discussion on the question of the effects of
rationalisation on the young workers did not take place so much
a I this Sixth Plenum of the Y.C.I. , but was in the main com-
menced after the Sixth Plenum.

There were comrades who denied'1: that the specific importance
of the voting workers in the factories increases, as a result of
(rationalisation* After these discuss ions which took place in the
[period after the Sixth Enlarged Plenum, and which were also
conducted throughout the various Leagues, the Plenary sessions of
the E.C. Y.G.L from the iSth-sjth of June, 19*7, again took a
stand on the question of capitalist rationalisation, ami accepted
a resolution in which is was said :

I ** The Sixth Session of the Enlarged Executive (-om*

mine of the VX.L declared that : * The capitalist ratiooalisa-
lion of production increases the specific weight of the youth
in the factories, but that at the same time masses of young
workers are turned on to the streets, leading to an absolute
increase of the reserve army of unemployed young workers.
The EX', of the Y.C.I. declares that the development since
the per tod of the Sixth Enlarged Executive has correctly
1 shown this decision to be an indication of the effect ol capital-
| isi rationalisation Oft the young workers, and that the pro-
portion of young workers to adults in rationalised industry is

increasing* , - /

All further investigations in this field show** that
derision of the Sixth Enlarged Executive was absolutely correct,
ftnd the February Plenum of *928 could deal thoroughly with c

5 2

YOUXO COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

question of tlir economic struggles ami strikes of t|K,
worker* against effw'ts of capitalist rationalisation.

With i he introduction of capitalist rationalisation and vi *
down of unprofitable plants* millions of young workers of°hr5
sexes were thrown on the unemployment market. litis 'iff
mosllv ynivn^ skilled workers between the ages of i8 aiut 21 k
completed their training period as cheap and willing objects^
exploit at ion for the employer, bul who after the conclusion **
their apprenticeship period, when they demanded wages accorS
ing to trade union rates, became too expensive for the employ
and were therefore replaced by the voung workers who ht*A *
left school, ' Kul^’

1’he March Plenum of 1926 dealt with the question of mas

unenvploynunt :imon^ y.nm^ workers and accepted a resolution

The Fighi for the Unemployed Youth/* which instruct^

H.i ^ "lint; C ommunist Leagues to conduct campaigns on fam

of the young unemployed, and to draw up programmes *

demand, jointly with the parties organising the vouncf unenv

ployed m unemployed org an sat ion s. The resolution makes tlx
following demands : —

(a) Unemployment relief to be paid by the Slate art^
municipalities to all young unemployed workers.

1 r. f 11 ••lls'nK 1,1 the present miserable unemployment
uc ru his tor voting workers ill . » ft** * . %

and the rates of £„ef.i „r ’ i f, °[ I,V,,n? mtn,mU*

fr\ * * r . 1 - -tdidi unemployed workers.

rL a l^n>ugh the municipalities bv crecUS

pi py me nt amotur Hu- " , , t

ng imempioy«r “? ? '^hling programing*
eonk-renccs which were or,„- ' ' ' scries ot voung workers

nation to the ILS.S.R, *° ;tl1 districts "to send a dtfc

increased, the German 1 ,7

demands for ih<- vouni- u,,,",...

v, hist net "Ir",lin^ thc >'oun8 —

Also on the Jiunuuccs of the um*^

ployed movement,
represented in th*
si ruci

ployeu ii was sniei * ,g ; lie u,,ri,

adu'lt unemployed in „r<k.r between Thc^y

■ . r ’Ut I Ilf* > S. ■V 1/1 lilt

►resented in the national utliL fa,,or*a> scale the youth
actions of the German i Ployed committees In t
ivcd it was said: “ (>tl »he u„rL- ' .

vert
the

the un em-
oting ami

proletariat. Therefore no sPHt the fiV-h ■ young;

° ^P^aie con,,..:. . kh,,nff power of

Commit. s |«nv

'•tees of the y

otmg uf.j

1 LEADING THE STRUGGLE 53

employed, but everywhere participation of the youth in the
unemployment committees. h*

| The demands which were put forth by the Y.C.L. of Ger-
many in its programme for the unemployed were model con-
crete demands, which can be understood by all unemployed:

{ rent ion of public works , young workers to be paid
I at trade union rates; Support of all young workers imme-
| d lately after leaving school irrespective of rood hit n* in the
family; Equal benefit for both sexes.

In addition such demands as 11 daily feeding in adequate
premise*, erection of baths, supply of clothing, coats, shoes,
shirts* etc-*’ were put forward. The Y.C.L. published for this
unemployment campaign, in addition to other printed material,
14 Mass I nemployment on the Proletariat Youth/* distributed
leaflets and organised many meetings and demonstrations for
the young unemployed,

Thc Y.C.L. of Austria drew up a programme cf demands of
the unemployed workers of Vienna* which was accepted at
a N;it Voting Workers’ Conference on the suggestion of the
Br.C.L. delegates. In this programme a demand for unemploy-
ment relief for all young unemployed was put forward.

In Sweden particularly good work was carried < n among ilte
unemployed by our Stockholm organisation, A manifesto was
published calling on the trade unions to assist in formulating de-
mand* of the unemployed similar to the programme of demands
put forward in Germany.

Thc Young Communist League of Norway attempted to con-
duct a united front campaign for the the demands of the young
unemployed which, however, failed, owing to the opposition and
sabotage of the Social Democratic youth.

In Poland our Y. C. L. was very active in organising demon-
si rat ions which were held in all parts of the country almost daily,
Thc main slogans put forward by our League for the unemployed
were: 14 Work and bread, relief to the unemployed according to
the existence minimum/*

Our French League also conducted a broad campaign on
behalf of the young unemployed, in which it issuer! a fighting
programme for the young unemployed.

THE YOUNG WORKERS’ CONGRESSES,

The reformist trade union bureaucracy, which, by supporting
the slogan of economic democracy and industrial peace, aided
Capitalist rationalisation, refused to lead the young workers in
■the factories and factory schools, and the young unemployed in
t heir struggle against the ©fleets of capitalist rationalisation.
Our Y.C.L. *s had thc tasks of organising all sections of the

u YC )l!KG C( )MMUK 1ST I INTERNATIONAL

Vi urn u workers hy moans of ihi* l mted I* mill tactics wiiv,
’>1 net outside of the trade unions. Many Leagues conducted tf
campaign with ^otxl success. Tile German League or^an’ii^
in tlu- course of the period under review, a series of yotw,
workers' conferences on a district and national scale. These »,

READING THE STRUGGLE

fere ices were partly organised in order to c Sect delegates for ft
youth delegations to the Soviet Union. In addition to this, ^
feremvs were In-Id which had as their sole purpose die task t
fighting against die attacks of capitalist rationalisation, as ft
instance, the First National Con fr mice oi the young worker
which was held on die 3rd and 41I1 of December, 1926, in Beffc
The League succeeded at these conferences in linking up \\
struggle against the effects of rationalisation with the politic
struggle of Unlav,

The agenda of the National Conference was as foillows : —

workers against capital

Struggle of the j ouiu
rationalisation.

(2) Unemployment and die young workers.

(3) H lection of the National Young Workers' Com mint

At the Contcreiwe 70 delegates represented 100*000 your,
workers.

The election id the delegates to the National Con fere
took place at special young workers* conferences in the district'
Such young workers* conferences were held in all parts of Gtr
many on the initiative of the Y.C.L., and pul forwf
C n5 ted Front proposals to the Socialist Youth League, die vor.
trade unionists, the sport and cultural organisations. G&
information on the character of these district voting wo^kep
conferences can be obtained from the report of the Berlin Yow
Workers' Conference which was at tended bv 458 delegates, Sl-fl!
whom were elected in factory conferences, by voting workdM
factory school meetings, 93 by sport organisations 39 delcg^
from the unemployed, 19 tnicle-tmkm delegates and *3 repres*
tump of ihv youth orK:inisution of ihr KiminskvYomnafc
All these yo.inK workers' conference* laid stress on the oreM

)l0,\ of ,h* >°?nK workers and the *lrc«Wthra|„.r 0f ,|IC 00Z*m
m the reformist trade unions, 1 PP»5|M

Young workers* con fereuee

unjust. rial centre. Such factory conferences were held very fre-
quently during the Iasi few years.

Our Voting Communist League of Holland organised Iasi
year a young textile workers’ conference. It drew up a pro-
gramme of demands which is to be published ns a small pamphlet
for the young textile workers.

The Young Communist League of Austria in 192S
organised a young metal workers* conference in Vienna and young
workers’ conferences in Si derma rk. These conferences drew up
fig hit tig prog ramme s.

Our Polish League undertook the organisation of young
workers* conferences. Such conferences mostly bore the charac-
ter of industrial conferences and were held in various industrial
centres of Poland. An (-sample is the textile conference in Lodz.
The conference organised by our Lodz organisation had the
following agenda: (1) political and economic situation; {2)

struggle against the Factory Act; {3) reports and future activity.
I he conference decided to fight against the Factory Act and laid
down the tasks in the trade union youth sections. It also decided
to organise new youth sections.

KCON 0 M I C ST R UG (ILLS A N D Y 0 U N G WO R K I; R S

STRIKES.

rdlvin^ tin* voiifli *1 m ganised for the purpose1

£ - !nK-. youth into the trade unions, were

. - ‘e tings are being

uictory conference for the

After the end of 1926 the Ku rope an workers showed a grow-
ing desire to fight against the effects of capitalist rationalisation*
This spirit found expression in many economic struggles
hand in the growing inter national strike wave. In these struggles
the young workers very often played a very active role.

During the pcricxl under review we have witnessed a series
|o:l large-scale strikes and smaller struggles in which our Young
I Communist Leagues played an important part, I 'or instance, the
British General and miners' strike, the Passaic strike in America,
the strike in the Hamburg docks, and the wave of economic
| struggles during the last six months in Germanl, Poland, Czecho
; Slovakia and other countries. In the last year there were also a
scries of young workers' strikes. There were sixteen such young

workers’ strikes in (iermanv, and a number of such like strikes in

* ,

1 Poland, America, Canada* Tunis, Italy, etc.
jjj Great masses of apprentices, young workers, organised and
I unorganised* participated in !hr British General Strike in 19-^*
iv in spite of the difficulties caused through the anti-strike law s and
the apprenticeship agreements.

The slogans issued by our Young Communist League were:
I par -k'ipaiKHi of all young workers in the strike* representation of
B voting workers in the Strike Committees, and Councils of Action,

Sr, YC n 'NO C( )M Ml ' N 1ST I NTER NATIONAL

f laicrnisuuoii ol the soldiers and strikers, united front of ^
young workers*

In these General and miners' strikes, the Young1 Cummumy
League of Great Britain prove J its capability to lead the youn
workers, 1 1u- masses ol young workers followed the sloga^
of the YAM. against rite decision of the trade union bureaucrat
which ninstlv refused the inclusion of the young workers in
strike* During the General > trike and miners' strike, in mil
eases, the \tnmg workers won the tight to enter the varies
trade unions h\ aetualU entering the strike. Our Young Con.
muni st League utilised the miners' strike to organise conference
of \ oung trade unionist*, Such confe fences took place in Lontlcr
for the me ml *e is * t the Shop Ysslvanl*/ l ninn ami in the ininirt,
districts ol South Wales. Our Y.t\ l „ proved to possess good
knowledge of the conditions of the young miners which foun:
expression in the drawing up ol concrete demands*

In the firs* days the gigantic strike, when all factoric
stood still, and when m> papers id the League could be issued*
the Central Committee of the Y*C\L.G.1L immediately publish^
a duplicate l daily news bulletin, '* The Young Striker.*’ Tk
London edition v\as immcdkrely copied by the organisers, whor
the i cut ral Committee hat! sent to all the districts. Thus it v:
possible to publish the first young workers’ daily papers durirw
the tremendous struggle in Great Britain*

I he demands of the League were strongly supported an
great demonstrations of young workers demanded from \h
reformist trade union lenders measures to include the \ot%
workers in all programmes of demands. After the heir aval an
calling off of ‘he strike by the reformist leaders, the LeagW
immediately continued its work among the young miners bv cam
mg on a broad campaign for demands. •< Kqtt'cil Pay for E<m
Work," *' Six-I><nir day for all yomu; workers.” " undo
yrrouml work for younK workers under .6," Vocational train!*
for vounj; workers." Even A. j. Cook, the Uad.-r of the

m',u;rr: <,f xh« m » *>»« <

a! titles \\ hu h appeared in the organ of *he British Y (' I “ Th
Young Worker/ ' and in interviews " j|

The activity of the ymmK workers tn the V^Wtr Strike h*
the following results: c an mnki hp

(ii) Demands for the vhtnv., . ,

and accepted by the ln«<lc unions {orttw'Alf

Two^of those mass' den /' •ou"K' *tnlu'rs were organist*
From Committee :„1| 7/ " *cro by the Unite

hack of these demonstr , lr 1 *c :l,1Smcc*R .*!«. V d

nispici-s of *hc Y.C.l

Committee was aZST* ^ '>> United TtS.

wended by about ,,soo yQimf, worke*

I LEADING the struggle

I The me line Ol the V.C.I.. was attended by i.oco younK

I workers. I he ( unfeit-ti. v ao epted the demands pm forward

by the v .(

I (r) 1,1 l*": bulletin of the textile strikers, which was

I published weekly, one of tile ejjfht pages was reserved as a
special youth and children’s page.

I , (*0 A pnper for workers’ correspondence was establistied,

I which was greatly utilised by the young workers,

I Our \ .C.L. regularly issued its organ, the “ Young

Worker," every week during the textile strike, In addition two
sj»eciit] strike issues were published and distributed in several
thousand copies.

I The Hamburg dockers' strike was the first strike on a large
which too k place in Germany since the end of *924. Our
B .C. L. did very filth* preparatory organisational work for this
St Higgle. Even during the strike itself it limited its activities
\ti> the organisation of strike meetings and publications of leaflets.
A deciding factor of course was that the number of young workers
111 the port of Hamburg was not very big.

I 1 fie Plenum of the Y*C. I* in March 192ft, in analysing the
growing Strike movement and the young workers* strikes in 1927
made the following observation -

Young workers who, through raticndisaticn. arc
I playing an utterly different and more important r61e in
industry than bef ore, lake, as shown by events in many
capitalist countries, a special part in workers’ struggles*
Participation of young workers anti apprentices in the strike
of adults as well as independent youth strikes in Germany*
l Yda mb Italy, America, Canada, Tunis, etc., bear testimony
■ to this/’

With th e growing strike movement a scries of youth ques-
tions were put to the front. Thus arose the question of the
participation of the young workers and apprentices in the
struggles of the working class which, in the period of the united
struggle against organised tru^t capital, is of great impor-
ancc. In the Central German metal workers* strike of 1927
there were still a number of doubts as to the correctness of the
question of including the apprentices in the strike. It was sug-
gested to replace the clear slogan of ** Inclusion of live
apprentices in the strike of the adult1*/' by the slogan : Refusal

to scab “ for the apprentices, and to leave them in the factories,
Although the question of apprenticeship agreements plays a great
role in the inclusion of apprentices in the strike, it must be re-
membered that our struggle is directed against the individual
apprenticeship agreements and for inclusion of the apprentices
into the collective agreements. 1 his struggle can be fought most

s* YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERN ATIoxaj

effect ivcly bv practical participation of tlu- a pprcnt ices •

j.truKKll's *>l ,Ik' working class. The last Plenum also decidV
i his direction*

l he sixteen young workers’ strikes in Germany are of
importance for all our Y,l'.L,s, They showed that indpoentW
young workers’ strikes are possible and can be siicccssfulIvS
bv our Y.C.L|. A series of young workers’ strikes in Germ*!!
also resulted in developing great struggles of the adult worker
Front the many examples at our disposal we only want to s^.
a few*

An example of good preparation of a wage movement for l;
young workers and for the putting forward of concrete factor,
demands is the wage movement in the metal-screw f;ici,v
K M. A.i;. m l’“msles-walde, near Berlin, which was led bv our L
lory nucleus of thirty comrades. On the i ith of June, 1927, u
young workers and apprentices started a wage movement for:
rive in wages of ten per cent. Our factory nucleus immediate
tnok over the leadership and organised a factory meeting whki
elected a young factt>ry delegate* The factory meeting m
attended by tlu- young trade unionists in the factory and a tart
section of the unorganised youth. After four days’ struggle tk
following demands were conceded*^ 9

(1) Immediate stoppage of night work for nil] you-;
workers under sixteen*

(2) Young workers under sixteen to work in the a fit
noon shift only up to to p.m. (seven hours)* but to rttri"
payment for full eight hours.

(„v> l hr management to agree to a ten per cent, rise "
v\ ages for all young workers-

I 1 he question of vacation for the apprentice*1

K c 'K'*x*x ^itb after conclusion of a collective agreeing
wtm-i/ aPPrenyicCR do not come within the category
Z\ tk °B on “ a“tomaton machines.”
be consult 1 >lH:ng factory delegate to be recognised and'

a GS?52“ .r1" qucs,,°"s m vi»g diSn.^.

criucy can be forced' , M' sho.vvs 1,t>w ll>c trade union bur®**
workers was the strikl? .r®coSnise the demands of the
pit m Upper Silesia, n° young miners in the ** Defend

■too young miners rft ivvn March, 1927* in the above ?

deducted by the sidnmiUtl??^' 1 lll! ri for this wore th«<£

' IIJKT ini' *

ThuT'1 l° p- . ; ’7 [or " J*rty work,” which <f

9-SSo ntarks ^ 'He wages. (In February ^

W ,st. „ja6/ ***- r‘ P-.y.ne,u of r:kC .commiltcc> -tlcnlSJ

yoinirr r • deductions made since ^

ncrs ar« very strongly org*#

LEADING TUB STRUGGLE 59

On the day of ilia outbreak of the strike they put nut strike
pickets, who prevented the young workers entering the pits.
Consequent 1y the number of young miners on strike increased on
the following day to 900, On the suggestion of our comrades* a
delegation was sent to the German Miners * Union* urging them
to fight for the demands put up by the young miners. The dele-
gation consisted of one Young Communist, one Young Socialist,
three % oung 1 rade Unionists, and one Christian Young Worker,
B he Miners* t iiion accepted the demantis of the voting miners.
A conference between the miners* union and the management of
the pit look place, in which the following demands were conceded:

( 1 ) Fines deducted for February to be refunded,

(2} No further lines in future,

(3) No victimisation of strikers.

( 4) The time lost during strike to be paid for,

A pit meeting rejected these conditions, but after a further
meeting it was decided to start work again on the agreement
arrived at.

The strike of the young riveters in the German Wharf in
Hamburg was carried through for three weeks under the leader*
ship of the Young Communist League, At the beginning the
young workers struck independently, but after a week's strike the
adult riveters also joined, although they hud previously declared
themselves against the strike. This was done under the slogan:
M Xu Scali-work," ami :i number of demand* were put forward.
The riveters of the wharf of Blohm and Voss and the young
workers of I he wharfs Johann sen and Sehrn tele n ski and the
riveters of the Vulcan wharf put forward similar demands to the
young workers of the German Wharf. Our district V\ asser-
jcntilc issued leaflets, agitational sheets, factory papers and or-
ganised a series of strike meeting* for the young strikers. I n for-
um a ltd y this strike had to be called off after three weeks' duration
because of the treacherous attitude of the reformists.

In December, 1025, a strike of young miners *n Dmmhetler-
Lata, in Canada, broke out* All pullers employed in the mines
are voting workers. I he \ oung t omnuinisl League *,>1 Drum-
Heller called a eonf ere nee of representatives Irpm the various pi is.
which called n strike. The demands put forward were: Return
t< p the wages of Mi 24 ft lie wages have been twi<e rvdcRtd sniH
then — in bv twelve per cent* and in June, i*i-5i by fifteen

per cent,)* The demands meant a fisc in wages bv twenty-seven
per cent, for work over- and underground above the wages paid
at the lime of the strike,

, Everv putter came out on strike, and the pits consequently
had to close down, Cnfort unaU'ly, this strike was lost, because

60 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTER NATIONai

of the >pliis caused by the I.W.W., ami the miners /
work at ihe ole! rates, ^ l°v.

This strike a^am showed that tin? young workers *
play someiimcs even a leading part, because of tin-
ol the young workers in industry; in the above exa'm'T*1
young put Uts were able 10 stop the whole pit,

Our V.(\L of Holland! which, in previous years Da-j
little attention to the economic trade union work, sutvet/
leading in i<)-’8 two young-workers* strikes in Rotterdam, n
h*-M nut for fourteen days, the other, which was a s\ mpaH*
strike, t wo days.

Also political strike actions were carried through \h\
young woikrrs. Jn August, 1957, in Nova Scotia and \h
(DrumheHer-Cauada) one day's strike of protest against
intruded murder of Sacco-Yanzctti took place- The young pc
also took the leadership in these political strikes. These wen
only strikes which were conducted by the miners of Cftnai
protest against the murder of Sacco and Yanzetti.

The trade union section of the Fifth World Congress of
V.C.I, will deal particularly with the question of ccww
struggle and young workers' strikes. For this question sjt
theses will he submitted,

^ c must link up our struggle against the effects of 0

lalist rationalisation with our work inside the trade unions.

w^s done msulhcicnth during the period reported on-

h ebrunry Plenum of 1928, therefore, stated in its resolution :

Kvery strike must be utilised by the Y.C.L.

strengthening of its own organisation* Th© enlistrwff

>*umg workers in trade unions and the strengthening °

opposition movement in the trade unions must also be
taken/*

lU- °UH WORK IN THE TRADE UNIONS.

lion ofS)b') °! ',MPniv«mcni in our trade union work is thei®
work \n vhc°Rt. I1" lW ^^formist, and the strengthening
»urvvss«s, U must unions* However, in sopite *> f a

sulYuientK itisulo %\K 'hat our work has not yet dtvo

in unions.

U;'s no* yet bc«,t ,/ thc work in the reformist trade*

return** trad* lH>- This applies first of tf

»"<» Czccho-Slovak in. I*

wade uni^C,-V *lml Ko^v^.‘1h ‘:ml> occasional actions, ***
h-«KWd. lk-lK?u ‘>nl> h<in' ‘ ^“‘W.woric in the
'V!KV in plL. ^"‘h'cted in Germany, 1

trade unions only of *

LEADING THH STRUGGLE 6i

In many countries our Y.C.L* is still confronted with the
t;i^k <d lighting for the organisation of the young workers in the
trade unions with equal rights and for the creation of special
Louth sections. Special youth sections (youth committees, youth
commissions, etc*) exist in the reformist trade unions in Germany
Austria , Great Britain, Denmark, Poland, Latvia, Palestine* Hol-
land, ami Switzerland. In the Ked trade unions they exist only
in France and Czecho-Slovakia. In the Ikdkans and practically
in all countries of i he Hast there arc no special organisations at
aM for the young workers in the trade unions, or only very
small attempts at the < rent ion of some such organisations (Jugo-
slavia, Bulgaria, Greece),

In America the young workers are in many cases not accepted
in the trade unions. On the other hand, there are countries
where the entrance fees and dues arc so high that the young
workers cannot join the union,

Th«’ question of tlu* attitude of the Y.C.L to the organisa-
tional forms for the youth in the* trade unions had been discussed
since the Second Congress of the Y.CLL The last Plenum in
February, brought clarity into the question of youth sec-

tions, youth committees, and youth commissions. The decision of

■» *i

the Plenum reads : —

“ We can and must co-ordinate the youth in the trade

unions tinder tlu* name * committee’ as well as under the
name of * youth lion,' setting up, thereby, in regard to
the youth sections, our pr »p * A*. I ‘Victory council delegates,
labour demixrnicy, equal rigid s for the >ming workers in thc
trade unions, leadership of the revolutionary economic
struggle of the working youth, revolutionary educational

work.

“ There is no essential difference between such a youth
section and a revolutionary youth commission which has

■p m

become a niass organ/*

This decision, there fore, points out the possibility of creating
youth sections on si revoHit innarv basis, particularly in the trade
unions of those countries where, so far, no special organisational
forms for the young workers exist.

THH ORGANISATION OF Ol’R TRADE UNION WORK*

An important preliminary for gixxf work inside the trade
unions is too per cent, trade union organisation of our member-
ship, and t he creation ol well-functioning fractions of our League
members in all trade-union bodies* \ he task of too per cent-
organisation of our members and the creation of fractious were
laid down l>\ the Fourth Congress ol the \.C.L In reality,
however, the position is very bad. According to the last reports.

!v, vnl'Nl’i COM Ml NIST IN'riCKNATlONAl.

■ Il„ >K'!‘ ,vnl- lh»’ •«' inl»t*rslii,, 0, 6

y I* j Atv itr^inUrtl in trade unions*

In | hi iii-UI d linking up Hu* vmuiik ronmiumMs in thtr soa
mA h\ unions into J* uHoiVs lliriv U unit h umm t*>i inipnncm^
OtiK in r.Jaiiil huI I .* < n*uu\ i omparaitvolv \vt*1l luiu tinning
tunls -in organised in I In- imlivkhinl trade unions, liven ^
j ■ * ! j* < r lei *' mi i :* *+* It is v* i \ dillt* lilt li> j^et t'Ornpl*

(h umS alnuil ihf immhtM of Iraethms tor t hr whole Country,
u -V irnl liduat uadr unions. In Leagues there \u-Vc y

on thr rpirMum id Ira* lion work* Nmne were of ti
0t -1,100 lli. u a % oulli V nnimivdiiu omld replace iht* fraction.

, . , is o;ifv n^ \w ii' put forward in ('ztv ho* Slovakia >
|iu:,i*SUim. It hum hr stressed :ii*iiin Mint we must or^r.

• he mmui.; romrmmUts it! fractions, which must work in do
tnr:v wi'!: thr Paty traction-*, in all I null* union organs, indud:
thr Red ti .air uni-.r1^,

\ o.-od method lor < ojicenl rntinj; the organisation
our ir.tiir union work, lor thr conduct *>t political Qs
pai^tis in the \.uth sections, for raising thr percentage of t*
\ t 1., mrmhius in thr 1 ratle uuirms, tor thr preparation of \w*
m .vrnmiU, .m \ for ! he or^nnisat ion ol special industrial or
pai^u^, u thr hiMin- iP thr vouth l ‘oinmunist trade union iif
1m t t ■ * i i trade iint«»n ihi'iiv^ims, whirh have proved to

ol to ir* ud»His value. Sih’li conferences were organised
exemplary fashion, hy nur (irrmnn \ AhL. After the Tc
i 1 i •■/»*■*- 1 3 h ir Niii h trade union * onfercnces were htH

•' 1 1M!!> t.’i count r\ for thr preparation amt Ciirryitt(? iHro,
1,1 He atuvr t * i xk. s „ I !h-<i- ti m h*rrnrr> vvrrc at tended by c
i ‘-TruHiTmt trade union \outh functionaries from the fact**
Hint irmte ttniiuis. ln jul-liti-m lb.- (h-rinan l.citrur organw
tl'1 / ^ pi t trP(h eij^hl trade union conferences whirh

* ’* 1 with tin- .pi.-iion- of vouth :>n*i tVoOW

«r,rt. ,»t n„. y,nlnK w,,,i-i r- Tra.h- union (i‘:Miiv>i- ns»
tv ' 1 : l>!1 iwnh-rs of tin* trailt- unions in ui'rta*n c

i-' lini-M -, 1, *’v '' l!”' r,<*nn:‘n I .i-.i^ur from July. *9^

■ ' * . 1 ' " ' * '.‘ntrrn i.f such n t-ttliiii's were ln-hl.

.I" ' "(tiT ''WUrfcs iniiu-tri.il i-'im.viiin.K vvnv rtW**1

• I lit* of ifiifiR-i*;, t t

s*hd imipwundH , V V Ulu{i‘ utiii.n work for iht^ PrcPa!^
tise \t »,.* A, 'r,.T^ * ’ *Y u\* ;md for the inohilisa*101

pr«*f>jir^r1i l*y uopU ’ ■ ' l| r ro;m> ihr industrial ram^ia^us *

l t ial

eampai^ns vv

t r r rondi>

I hr

|>r. ,f hy ! rarii* ... :

,i . . • . • l»iwm

■mhiMritd ronf,..,.,, '"m V,lV1' "uih-n-ni-i - an, I tii -rubious. -*
work ,,, ,fu. “'<-’1 on plan- „f work in ttre tP

. ‘V ■ l*' 1 faMfirv mt«riinifs, rk-et ion of
« i-iori...,; ,l,; ^‘-msation Of the younff ^

S>i(nil;,r ii«iustri;ii . *

I.KADlXC, Till-; STktT.r.u-; ,,

V : ,lV"U,,S Mil i„ Cir«at

l.ntam. ..ml in ..■l‘liB«n> to, t',.* v„u»K t;,l uork.-rsa.nl v„u„.

,mil' ;r:ni f l«» 1»- *«..!„« U-Kt\W v^rtu-A

U< i aimtU Up Cjf j ( : , t_

t.,.. . mu..., work vstH„ tit ih-atiri* wj.l, ti,. train inK vniinif

i. nm. it tun, i tiMiarit's. |„ this t„M lit, , L)
to nut Unites. Only th. ti.,fn;m ,,,u ,r tfanJw,, ,llk

no-,, to h.-hniun. fourj.-.-n v. .. k-, n,| , ■ mr-r- it, various

tl|S| ] u I ^ r * r I I I ItSv s | \ \V t- 7 j+ * -1 ■'* . o i l . ‘ ] i - ,

T. ' M 11 ' miiu^frial ifi^irti t> . r

] . .III,, nr jitnlt-ttlMi rjj. and . u. Kavnny. Th,- . tWs wi r.-

Ill'll 1 Hi SIIIUM It Is. \ it » rtiJ j i. T I i I

1 1 - ,v VVI( nil t(i i.f I* if mri ti him *

ta njiiits u;i- lu ll! m «-in- ikunati .lUtri. !, It. rlin-Hran.l.nluirt;,
Cn u naiumal v-. al, Un- (h-nnan „r^:misi-i) a nni • trail-

iinum m linol tj.-iiu;; ;t |ortn;-hl, front ^th-pith <»f |ulj, ivJH.

I I Hi Si klfifil.li l-'O li INTI- It NATIONAL TRADI*

I 'MON I'M T V .

I ii-- I* it til I- lixi .-utivc -jit- 1 _’th \pril. Malt-.l

that in VI. vv <■! t i» Li'-ti. r:tl pu- tii ;i .,n.l : : -i.ua 5 1, n nl tin-

rt , r &• i::;i< t 1 art' at* * n - . < ! tit- Li . ^ m -■* * jh jr.*t : * ! tin*

^ .1 ~L in lltiv !n ■[ < ** u*'tk 4p’ ti \\ h;* ' ' ; v*. »■ e* :n >.+ntf,iti'.

sht im’i ! \>t- : I f’ f i tt ft i\\ inj»

hi | An iiitrrjrtalit’n.d * .anpai^n t* v ila* n pt-r » t n:#
i r.nlr leii ■ n * i^anLat mm ■ * r ir tia at hi rship,

fli1 Ihji Idin^ up i « ti r 1 st riTi^lhaMiin^ nf tilt I r:ii * li ifis of thr

V#(‘. I„ in the f radr t.ttiiais

- \ ia:upa.^n Nr ir .!• r nat i- nr I t-.nii uni* si tmitvx

'*!» | ra it's i non Im>ui -vw* r.i! p1 ''pa^-un ■ i t" tile i^r^anSa-

hiin i t imhi^n :al * . iirKii^ns and m ii-'m ti* work h* the

t ; irtt'r M's*

Jhrsi- tllaiii \vhfi h 31 vl^itnl hi hrr u ^ tisi,|avt were

St ih in* ri . .t t «■: I : \\ m . * t' i - ■*, *i if ns \onnt Crin-

nntni f LiMiptes li? Kitrnjlr, r. r Is v - hi a! hi fti'r'IiJi \ r. thr

2lst-^^nd | nl% , *i I v .o' Irrt’t ■ \%urki ! < U1 * < nerrli1 in*

si Mil tt« Hi’s, j r v vi" ft' 1 r ‘n ,i*i \ i ! x, \ 3i : t!t ;il with she

Ujsir, ! h* i f "up'^'v *3i'i ; . ■ to « i^;i:i ‘sr a 'i 1 -Ur mat • ii ir 1 radr

Ihiiitii k *i » i.t4i « aiir*-‘i< i\ *«n ir;uh* union

vvoth anil tv* * It st p a 1 - < . »o!'p.i (4^11 U r nalioinf ami :titer-

national nrhon ur.it’. I" ,* .:rt I umpr.tu * MUlrrrni c

\ A I -u tli-p.r* In e] . P'rr-r i<* t"n \t»T» lo-lv u^ian L*ntt\ Com-
mil ;t < 1I1 a 't mi y !* i h ,!■ tru! •?? i f ir nnprrialist war pri*par*i-*

1 ion >. and i !i ms*.h u !■ 1 E u > m t ’ n IP ■: \ **h ,r d Ku^siaji trailr unions

tin tin dipt ".ct:' mi - ■ 1 1 s Ii 1 the •dfUi^le against the

1 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 * ■ r 1 i 1 w a 1 d n t . ; m ■ 1

I hr 1 rUiunat n itml li aih1 l niiui Werh %\a> hrhl from r.pth*
iOfh nf \i'\> m!i* \ it,:;. It ft 11 (haring a ]H*riod in whii'h a srfirS

/■

YOUNO. COMM' MST INTERNATIONA!.

. ■ i wen Iwiiic cariiwl through in the vatu*,

„l .mUistr.M ii'i tv .J a t.n,nj)aij>n was nmU-r way. «rK«.

count ru’». In 1,1 • lrilrtSIM>rl workers unions m order to wn

\«* by «h. «■»* L,k.f. In <i.r.„,.„y *

tin- iv.k.i">>K nMvji-" ' •. 11.11. Il.l f.m.lu. l.-d ,

Oermnn Federation « during ‘1>" period the Clench

U“'“7 ri<l??tmS ll_ Aail-l--^- ''I"1'- orK""“<<

“SSnTnr X Lnv.U' «*•» » «*« *— «**

which Iratl done .cry Utile i» >hc sphere n(

,ien work, as .he S.andinavian and Swe

leading the struggle

<5 5

(<* .,! branches in w hich our n-salu lions have been puicd suooorlc.l
Has.- at the Trade Union ConKresses. The Vm.tl, CWmncc
of the (formal) \\<«nl Workers1 Union was intended by only
1wo dtb^ .les from the Y.C.I.. and at (he Trade Union Congress
ol tlie tier man Miners* Union only two V.C.L, delegates were sent
(l he number was so small because tlx- tleb-gales were not elected
bot chosen). I be Congress of the German Wood Workers*
t ninn was til (ended by one delegate from c to- who had

been included in the llerlin delegation,

In adiilion to these conferences a scries of Vouth Conferences
ot the Trade Unions were held on n district and county scale.
These were also attended by our Voung Communists, The Vouih
Conference of the (it-rnun Metal Workers* l* nion of the Ruhr

ss Leagues, made l

nnien work, as W eek. Those Leagues wliid

f"Tnrrviottsk tkme some work, intensified their activ it» s, ,ls> j* district was a* I ended by ten V.C.L. members out of *4 delegates;
!" \tnce h e lStah League, and the Cxechish Y.C.L., whj at tll(. German Mcta, Workers* Union Youth Conferemc in

1 r"h' '-'.'oN ' cU^'h' >S! " "^k i-. ■> lLru.* is"'"1 *

their youth papers, and the fierman Leagui |>“»" t

n umber «f its organ for functionaries.

The main weakness consisted in insult team t SUPPJ
bv the Communist Parties and the sections of the rc
tmiern. On Mu- other hand, several Leagues did nut under Mad
how to Utilise International events us for instance, the session
of the AngloRussian Unity Committee m .Berlin, wbuh t«
place at -he time, and the sessions of the Amsterdam luu rnat.otul

OUlt WORK IN THE REFORMIST TRADE UNIONS.

Our work in the rt'formol trade unions shows ninny
result*. particularly in Germany, Poland, Great Britain am

Belgium. ,

Our German League was rep ruse n ted at many trade urn#

tcngrcsscs* youth conferences and youth meetings of the
unions during last year. Ii can also be seen that we have learnr
in Germany tn prepare systematically and in good time, <*
work h r the trade union congresses. Re*o1umns and prcq>o5a*
w t rv drawn up by our League for the Congresses of the
Wood Workers' U nion t the German Textile Workers' Guinn, &

Food Workers’ Gnion and for the NVionnl Youth Conferee
of the German Wood Workers' Union and the Youth Day of ^

German Miners' Union. These proposals and resolutions
submitted by our members in many local branches and COun£
of the Trade Unions before the congresses, and in some *4
m-epud. Our resolution, were accepted bv the G.-rnian VM
Workrrs Union ,n Hamburg, Mannheim, Breslau, Halle, ^
the Cicrtnan Miners* Union in Braunsch wdg. Celle and J eoa- ^

Hcsen+h rankfurt, five V.C.L members were present, at the
Vouth C onference of tin- Carpi nters' Untun of Bcrl in- Brandt n-
burg, four delegates, and at the* Youth Conference of the Clerks*
Union in Thuringia, three delcgiiles.

Our league pnrtidpated in many Tratle tTnion Ytnrh

meetings organised by the individual Trade Unions, issued
on these occasions leaflets, and demonstrated for our demands*
Some of these \<mth meetings were under our strong influence,
as for instance, the vtiuth meeting ol the Miners* Gna n in
Wilten, which was completely under our influent e, ami the V'outh
meeting of the Gn man Builders' l nion in Goslsir, at which three
Youth groups supported *air demands.

Our position in the German Trade Gnion Youth Sections is
steadily becoming stronger. In 10^4 we had to make the observa-
tion that <>u( German League had no poMs in the Trade Gnion
Youth Sections,*

VYe can only quote part of the results of :he elections of
192s, as only eight districts had so far rendered reports ; in the
Lower Rhine, we won thirty- si x Trade Gnion Youth position*
in ten Youth Sections* In the previous year we had only twelve
positions in thc*r Youth Sections. in the Saar district we won
sixteen positions as youth chairmen. Last year we had only
seven. In Hatle-Merselburg we succeeded in winning twenty-
one Trade Gnion pos*s against seventeen last year- Gp to the
time of the report nine new Trade Gnion postiii ns were won in
the Ruhr district.

All this work of our German League in the Reformist Trade
Unions was supported bv the issuing of plenty of mute rial,
pamphlets, leaflets, etc* t

* Kxact liijurr* m our position^ in the Youth Sections of die I t.idc
Unions arc published in our pamphlet on organiwtion.

v, YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNA I IONAL

ln p0iand our Yohar Communist League m-i up Yo*
Sections iu tin* Reformist Trmle Unions tinder ns lead* rsh:-
?h, xiwk of our Polish U-aicuc shows )mw revolut.o^
Trulc Union Work can be carried out by the Y<n*
i": lions which arc under our leadership or influenced y
„s All questions of the economic sim^h. the posit*

of the " vounc workers, etc., were dealt with in*
Youth Section! Our League succeeded also .» lmk,
u,> ill its puli' teal campaigns With the general w«nk "■ lU 'gj
Sections. An example is the thirteenth nternatmua ou h lb
in the celebrations of which many L ade V. mo \ aalh i Sccti^
which were under our influence partictpatcd. In the c Uchrat*
of the Tenth anniversary of the Soviet l nion in \ " tlm
meetings of the Leather Workers', Metal Workers and huddc
were held, which were attended by 150 young workers.

industrial scale in the various Trade Unions. The most import*
task of these committees was I he organisation of the \oib

workers in the vai rolls industries*

During fast year a conference of young miners was JieHi
Pifc youth delegatus from the miners' union, called by i
WCAI. The League also organised youth conferences called r
the existing Trades Councils in collaboration with the Minor
Movement, which organised a special Minority Movement Vft
Section on a proposal of the Y.C.L, Such conferences w
place (in London, with 125 delegates)* Manchester, Newcasfi
Brighton, and other important districts* A series of mine
organisations have elected youth representative!; to their CW
milters, and in Rhondda (South Wales) 1 lie first youth fuuctitittf
of the miners has been elected. In London a youth confers
was organised by the Sliop Assistants’ Union, which was ui>-
the Leadership of our fraction* This conference accepted *
resolution on the war danger, and with only two abstenf
adopted the programme put forth by the Y.C.L. The confer^
further agreed to our proposal to call a national conference cf :
young kiifjp assistants* I lie Executive (if the Shop Assista'
Union agreed to the expenditure of ^500* V

, Similar conferences were held in Lancashire for the y#
rnmers, and London and Manchester for the young metal uw*
■h -it which our League members wort* represented*
P:<v.-.I it lending rAIc. The Youth Con fcrtnrt- «f the
uori-rs ek-cicd si youth committee of the Metal Workers' l n*
Ih. Minority Movement also called several youth

READING THE STRUCOLE r,7

fcrences, which wire under the leadership „f ,tlc y C I r r „ '

yomiH miners of Durham and Xcrthumbtrlimi \u. ” f

conferences elected trade union vomi, * \ 1,1 sc youth

carrying on a continuous strutvlc f co"''nil||^ iwht'li are
. - , , , •oimuoun Struck for rccoiL'nition bv in,u

unions and /or full rights for «he young workers. '

in i nf'TtTt' °f lhK Sh°P A^'-mts- Union.

■* - * .J~K* ,was attended by ten members of the y c I

flu- prcpmauoos tor this conference were undertaken in '^ood

time, and our resolutions were partly accepted by the Shop

Assistants conferences, held in the various localities, and were

later on supported at the National Conference

In Belgium our League also took the initiative in leadim- the
trade muon youth work. It undertook the organisation nf youth
committees, particularly in the metal workers* unions in Brussels.
Ihese metal worker youth committees, which are
under our leadership, carry on good work. They are organising
regular meetings, and have issued a programme of di-mauds
h*r the ymmg metal workers,

(M R WORK IN THE RED TRADE UNIONS.

| *h‘' uork in *he R«I Trade Unions of Czecho-Slovakia

■(LA, v .) has been strengthened again during the last year by the
comim nirmcnt ol the organisation of youth committees. So far
youth sections existed only at the centre and in a few sections (tex-
tile sections) of t:.e I. A. \ which were created from above. In most
leases they disappeared a Rain because they had insufficient contact
with the masses of ymmy trade unionists. The League succeeded
En greatly improving1 its work during a Trade Union Week, w hich
was held from March 3rd- tot h, 1928. During this week 735
iitew members were won for the Red Trade Unions in eleven

K | *

districts, and iwi'iuv-om* ruw young members for the reformist
ir;ide unions. In these eleven districts, nine public meetings*
forty-live factory meetings, 125 meetings organised by our nuclei
in all 171J meetings were held during this week* In addition to
these meetings eight conferences of the young workers organised
in the 1 rude unions were held. These youth conferences elected a
youth commission at the LA,Y. The positions of all youth com-
missions after the trade union campaign are as follows: A central
commission at the central committee of the LA*V\ in Prague*
thirteen district commissions and ten local commissions, in all
twenty- tour youth commissions* The League continues its cam*
pnign tor the election of young factory delegates and the creation
ol youth commissions at the district committees of the Red Jrade
l Limns.

In I 'ranee, youth commissions at the local, district, and
central committees of ihcT-U-s have been set up under our leader-

(>s vorsv. COMMUNIST I ntkrn ational

shill. The following »Hiiw the joulli .

1 i .1 i f i i i 1 ift s

f> Hie \ ,u* i .1 . *j

Two youth i o present at iws in flu* central committee of*
CJi.TMJ., five in the central committee of the metal s^tl
thirr in the textile section, two in tin* woodworkers1 seelio,,
in the clerks' section, live in the miners* section, three i^!
food-workers4 section, three In the builders' section, two in,
chemical section, two in the leather workers* section, in all i*m
nme vouth representatives in the leading committees. In ^
lion to this there art youth representatives in all district ti
mt t tees oC the various trade unions. JB

These individual youth representatives work in conjunct
with the youth commissions set tip by the individual trade ot
sections. During the period under review, these youth m
missions have called many youth conferences. At these y
conferences a progi amine of demands for the young workers,
taming the elementary lighting demands of the youth, was
t*». Various youth conferences of individual trade unions i
decided to undertake the organisation of industrial eampav
S mv the beginning ot 1028 the youth representatives and;-.,
cuiimtiltees are being linked up in special national and dk
conferences. Such a district conference was held at the tef
nitig of 1928 attended by representatives of ten industrial
'This conference took up a stand on the demands of the jc:
workers, and on the question of organisation of the young r
hi the trade unions, It was deckled to call periodical raw**
the youth representatives at the district committees.

In connection with the Trade Union Congress of the C.G.T
in Bordeaux (September, 1927). a conference of young t3
unionists was hold, attended by sixty youth delegates-
agenda of the conference was as follows r — j|

1 * apprenticeship system and labour protection-

2' *1 l>rn1s ^ anti-militarist activity and the li ^
{special fund for the anti -militarist work).

3. pui;s for the young trade unionists. K

v* solutions on all these questions were accepted which'

.i’iidnT UIK,n, U-v thc Trade Union Congress. The C«?
to ‘,UCS f°r ,hC ■V°Un? workcrs corrt'fp^

union work cnrr't‘d on excellent anti-ini1itnrif| ■

Kol.ta,." , ’ Win. tile C.O.T.li. The

J*«s'tblc continue.11 Creatc<* f°r thc special purpose of ff-i'
the workers in tlL -,S contncts between the trade tinio®*
t,,vl Supply theni' '! tllc‘ nav>. to support them fi1**

commission for * revolutionary literature.

‘>rj«;tnisation

the

I LEADING THE STRUGGLE

I Solilat," was set the task to onriiniw ** < ^

A brut ions " for the members t»f the tr.,t. • ,;‘rcwell edc-
1 army. The eunferenec also drew up in UnM™* K?,n« in»0 the
Ic.G.T. U. Congress, a %htin^ plLrSmme , with ,1,e

[<li mantis for tin- soldiers and Malms ’ ’ 1 elementary

In spile of all this good* work in the Re I , .

< /.( ('ho-Slovakia and l-’rance j* must l * ,r,l< * muons in

Is.m various wcaknesis pWsi ,her* a"

■contact with the masses of ihe pl lvoto * ol PSP**
Mnusstons have not yet been transformed into' wSw/fead'
organisations. They have no, sufficiently close conn«,ions "£!
,!.e factories, are no, based on „ body' of elected factorv del!

CjrrSr 'il'j "°l *.vcn dec»«*. ««‘l m many caL Jill
I , , k , . , > ' A1’ ,hcse mistakes and weaknesses were pointer)

lout by the I-elmiary I'lcnum, uja*. of the E.C., V.C.I., which set

fthe C/;ec lust and French Leagues thc task of broadening the
\ on ih commissions into real mass organs. k

(M R WORK IN OTHER TRADE UNIONS.

I' 1 «1>C heatling of work in such trade unions, as are

IK). h( I iiflibated to the Ret I nor lo the Amsterdam Trade Union
International, we can only report on the work of the Norwegian
* -vague and on the Pan-Pacific Conference.

In Norway the trade union work of our League is still rather
v.<%ik; however, I hr league took the in iUa live at the last Nor-
Wcgi.m I radc l tuoti Congress In starting trade union youth
work. I hr League drew up a memorandum, “ The Position of
. „ ' cninK ^orkrs and Apprentices/* which was distributed to

an congress drlegales. Even the most Right Wing elements in
this congress had to admit that only the Y.C.L* of Norway had
pm forward quest ions dealing with thc conditions of the young
workers and apprentices. Our proposals for organisation of
yotnig woikcjs arid ibc struggle for our demands were, however*
voted down by |hc Rights and thc Tranmalists.

i or the Pan-Pacific Conference, which look place in May,
^9-7 * >n Hankow, ;i resolution dealing v\ith the question of child
and youth labour was put forward by ust and for the first time
Such elementary demands as ** prohibition of child labour,
saJr <** children, demands dealing with wages and hours, against
night work,*' for such countries as China, Japan, Indonesia, etc.,
were proposed.

IV. THE Y.C.I. AND THE PROFINTERN.

I he co-operaiion between the Y.C.I. and the Reel Inter-
naiional Lalmur Ihiions improved during tfie last jK*riod. At
thr beginning of 1927 a Youth Commission at the R.IX.U was

7o YOUNT. COMMUNIST I NTIvRN ATIONAT

N. t up jointly with llie Y.C.l. This Youth Commission

>■! time rvprrsvntativr.s of tin* Y.C.l. jiiuI three rei»resrntXH’1*1^
the R.l.L.U. ti hnd the task jointly with the R j i* V)*
taking up the south work in the trade unions Which so f' :
very weak. Reports on the youth work in the K
unions of l;ranee and Czeehn-Slovakia were accepted ****
many sessions the forms of youth organisations and ‘
organisation of youth work were discussed and a program 1
drawn up. ]*IHH

Fhc Fourth Congress of the R.l.L.U, in March, io;s j
with the quesiicm, *‘ Youth in the Trade Unions? •'* t\‘t
tion on tlie question of youth work, the role of the y
workers in the economic struggle, in the question*
organisational forms and the organisation of the you
workers was accepted. I he Congress further agreed upec
programme of demands, which contains the intematiot
demands of action for the young workers of the wo*

1 ' ( also decided emp!.»\ special N, , rf?:

wlio will work ill close contact with the Youth Commission, r
n* is'Uc a special youth information bulletin. Two youth try
sentatives were elected to the General Council of the R.I.L.U

With the Youth of the Eastern and
Colonial Countries in the Fight against

Imperialism

The Second International and its satellite, the Socialist
Youth International, completely penetrated as it is by bourgeois
ideology, has never recognised and docs not even now recognise
the foil importance of the colonial question and the national
revolutionary movements in the Eastern countries during the
progress of (he proletarian world struggle. Whilst in ihc whole
practical activities of the Y.C.L and its Executive, in i
apparatus, Mcnuins, and Congresses, the questions of the revo-
lutionary movement in the East played a particularly important
role, the S, \ ,1. has not at any single congress dealt with the
colonial question. This, however, docs not mean that the S.Y.L
has n** basis of principle on tins question. Its basts *>f principle
is derived from the archives of the Second International,

In general, we are here dealing with the internationalism of a
free-trade party, which attempts to overcome the imperialist con-
tradictions by ** free *' development of the international exchange
of goods.

Agni nst tins satellite internationalism and the opportunism
of social dcmocr.'icv, there stands at present the true proletarian
Internal tonal of the Third Communist International, which re-
gards the national liberation movement of the oppressed countries
not from the point of view of formal democracy, but from the
point of view of the actual results obtained in the struggle against
imperialism not of isolated imperialism, but world imperialism.
The Vouitg Communist International ts a real organisation of
international solidarity, and draws the millions of exploited and
oppressed young workers into the struggle and organises them,
helps in their struggle and their work, and strengthens bv all
means the connection between the revolutionary movement of the
youth In the colonies and the revolutionary proletarian youth of
tin* whole world. As a result of this activity there is no single
country in the [last where the Y.C.L has not got its organisations,
sections and groups, w hilst the S.\ with ihc eweptioft t> one
very small organisation of tin* social dentoontHc )out i m
Palestine, '* Haclirut Socialistit ** (Socialist \ouihh ias no
singh organisation in the East. While ihc existence o Lie * * -
is tolftllv unknown, or is only remembered with .

coolies in China, (he slaves of the Congo, the fe _a s o -gj _ *
the beduins of Morocco, because of the imperialist practice o

,V(. coMM1.N.ST mTKRNATIONAI. |

VOl M’ 1 ,1,1 mil KcntuitU'l, etc; tk*

. » • like Yamk'vtUk’* * ' , inftrch to the I'gdtt, "‘till »kc ntW*

>° ,u lt* ?c I on U*i* **P* W oi .1.C whole world. I

* • .o'the Y«k>R I

grti-wop* the youth.

t.*F CONlVlllONS

111 •' . ,|- ,;u. union ud count ties weigfc

T,„. i«peri»l''rt "I'P^ln-’vouth. Thu exploitation of young

hcaviest .... the should^ d;mcn*tons. Small pro down,

ahouri „ the ■ pfoducers, who cannot comp*

nrtizansi .1 capital, are forced oentj

otherwise wth Um»P»-in c labolir power <*l the young. IT*
the Cheapen labour p|»we. . o( C5lsvs. the sweated, loiliaj

handicraft tntde ust. ' 'n,c number of working childrr

youth and ch Unloved in the largest Eastern coun.

under fourteen years >> , „ 'and thf pliiHipuus is. according

tries. India, China. Jap.u ; k- J ‘v0oo. 't he young workers unde

to incomplete statistics, . .N ' one. third of the whole indu*

twenty-three years , -t .u.« > f . , |rv as, for instance, At

trial proletnnat. per cent, children and yuunj

textile Industry. 4 ml 4 ■ , , ' ,f ,ju. young workers, suffer-

i- .. riit-4 conditions of labour oi me ^ t * ^ .

• .ho tabic exploitation ot native and foreign capital, „

S£4e.e.i' ed t an oniimi.od wneWng day (frntn eleven to oaW
lunirlV vrbieb te made still more unbearable by msu flerable «« ;
ini* conditions, scandalously too wages (.me-.l..rd to ojm-Bfftd
the wages of an adult worker for the same hours of work) *™ J
cruel treatment on the part of the employers. I he condition,
the voung peasants who make up the most important part ot
toiling youth, is no better* Remnants of the feudal system m
villages of the East, the landlords, khans, and beks, arc a mom
rulers, with powers of life and death over their subjects, .mi i -
enslave completely the peasant youth and the voting ngnuitefi
labourers- The economic enslavement of the whole peasantry
the Hast lies particularly heavy on the youth. 'I lie loss of ■
ruins the peasantry, and the young peasant workers swell ^
already immense army of the unemployed proletariat- 1 hu> y
youth becomes an active force in the revolutionary inovctr<

*1 lie voiinr* ne:i snn t g. anrl u*i,rL-.trc of the T&'

youth becomes an active force m the revolutionary* '

The young peasants and workers are the chief cadres of the ^ .
lutionary peasants1 armies ailcl| revolting groups in China. '■
guerilla forces lighting against the Japanese colon! sators in
are aim composed of the youth. The young workers of J*f
constitute the main guiding power of the Left revolutionary
in the Japanese labour movement. TW nfiri leinants

' pvpwci ui mi* i..eiL tv' uiu' * -

m the Japanese lalx>ur movement. The participants 10
glorious but unsuccessful revolt in Indonesia were cxclu^
;oll! u t n* development of the revolutionary sirugS**
iU Ia* ersia» and other countries, the young worked

EAS TERN AND COLONIAL YOUTH

peasants Sind the revolutionary students th ■ 73

ilw dis'iulcgrJiiion imperialism i„ the proevj of n'vClJd.T*

lllh RESULTS OF FOUR YEARS* WORK

*■*

y.ituh minn existed in the K.,s,,rn countries. u’Tum
further cmiMder the weakness of the labour movement. the Lck o
res,, luntt nary struggles, ami I he repressive method, of the naVhl

antl impel i.ilisi governments. The subjective conditions for he
ik-velopmetu <»f the ( o.mrmn.si youth movement in the Extern
cotini nes during these four years were very unfavourable''
.snuggle <,f the young Communist Youth Leagues in the Eastern
countries look place in the midst of a sharpened claMstrSSj
combiiH-tl with unequalled wliitc terror, which came down with
hr-ut.,1 force and ntihlessness upon the revolutionary youth
or g. inis.it tons, t lui of eighteen sections of the V.C I in 'the E'ist
not a Single one can work legally. Yet the last four years wit-
nesseii a glorious struggle of the revolutionarv vmuh in' the East

ami the creation of Young Communist Leagues.' despite the many
victims ;m<] sacrifices*

At the time of ihc Fourth Congress of the WC.L there was
no swlmn of the Y.CI. in the Fast, which could be
culled Strongly tk vdopod- At the present moment the V\C.L has
(, iglitccn set i ions mid organisations in various countries of the
hast* 1* irsi among these stands the Chinese Young Communist
hrngite. 1 he \ *CM* lias rtt>w Communist organisations in the
following countries: China, Japan, Indonesia, Korea, Persia,

I urkey, Palestine, Syria, Algiers, Tunis, South Africa; Com-
muntst groups in India* tin* Phillipines, Egypt, Formosa, and
national revolutionary organisations affiliated b> the T.C.I, in
Outer Mongolia, inner Mongolia, and Tanu-Tuwa,

THE SITUATION IN THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES*

1 he Y.(Mt iif t'hina was set up in 1920, originally ill the
of r* Socialist V*oiath League, which absorbed all Left

Sot ialisis, ttJ^elher willi anareh<^Svmfi< alisi eh nients of the Left

+ *

u,nK -students* movement. I' he variety in the composition and
[he (iillercmes in the activity of this League, amis in 192* it
h was transformed into a Communist League by the expulsion
l*u' phrasc>monger> and the anarcho-syndicalists with their
petty bourgeois revolutionism. At the lime of the Fourth t on-
Kruss the Y.( \ L. of China fiat! 2,500 members, whilst on the tst
nf May, 1927, it numbered already 40,000. At the present
moment ihe numerical strength of the Chinese V.C. L. has
ilroppcd to io,c>«;K>t because of the cruel repressions directed

\ i A M ■ ^ 1 V1

/ J I

. i i ti‘\ alu'iuna* v

.a!-'"1"' Ul

•( )M Ml'NIST INTHUN ATIONA!.

i .111*1 |ir;isnnt*' >"

.iml w>ik »Uir«*« <>'*• n-uc-

U.kllPl I 111* t:

„ -.1 *«’•• V‘,‘" ** Uu.Vi^lllils ol its I nvn»l »»••'>. AN>«. fell

l .1.. ol ‘ ',l11,1 ‘ \ ,1\ *,*•! intis loSSCS WITH

U" . . , ; il-lllU"1*''*- - ■

Ui l i l l'i's

l,, 1 In' * lull' s'

. I I . I I I LIlVl I* "'i t , * ,

suil»*i‘‘*l Ul I In- ' 1 ” . jcvtun fiL In M»*«* ol. h,,;u5

u I,,., i- ill*- l'f;l'l:iikr van.

Unis ,lf V.1M-. H 1 r;‘ ,,,s,ms ol n,m;, 1'W

\ whole xei irs <>f

muud ol ^ v°'

stiimtiV "i 1

Ui-I ^ .111*1 |icas:iW
\ ,i I „ ioi -i >

, t.\ nlill u*nat v dcmoemli
v, to* iln it^'r.iT i;in revoly.

, , n .^iivls U‘>

d» 'hip »i thr ' J_ . ' Urn of t hiu.i. makes

' i . * ■ - b ’ 3 . , . , , 4, i 11 V.I I li s. X I * 1 L i^'P. S'1 ’I ,T1 ’

, T 11.1 dellV I -ll 1' It.msn r , ,* *

u^w-vmI - ■ ■ iU>.htiw lU4i,H*a1 o«'gmY»*ul*>iis * >»«*.
’* ,,m *’* t,M‘ r,,, >!•; mion In ihr tml.um*

l IX -* ii ) 1 1' O t 1
5 r.vi 'l lOtl.il U ^

t t \u* * UthlesS (>r 1

,1'Vl 1 il ' ■ .... nt Yi mn- ami Lett

w ill* tin. t ‘«tnmunk

itt tin. lion through tin- loss ol H, in-:

i [., 1 iim n v hi-^, tjv oops ol \ nun*,

nhh in jamiaiy* s i

vmi^ UCMroveu ' 1 r ..

,/ui t :il>U ,o’«r.wU In .l-'iniain. N V**"*

t .nmi .11 *%* ' ■'• 'lm ol. >?>, nun h . Siunimsln-a tlu-n

I IV rutUu work itnumi! tin yum- ^oikur>* ls^iiiu>v of Ik

sylvt^ lo ilk'tiVfe work amonK the yum- uoikur>, h<H‘‘\u>r of ^
,nU't polU o llit- wholt- aruvin ot ihr ^ oiin|; ( omnium*

groups hatl lo lu^ mmlmid uuiUi i-umplt-U-lv iku-ul coiuliUom
Tn 'spite of tin- youthful ;\i*r of its tminhrrs aiwl of in ^

l.aluiur Muvfim-tU, the movumun: ot ihe Japarn'M1 ynunt; worker^
ics-.ihvil in i!k- setting up ol ilu- INoktarkm Vumli l.ua-ur, \\KiC
at onr time had ahoui members in its ranks, later <x.

dropping hai k \o but vs hit ‘l i \\*ts an m i^ri of tpi.

impOrlam e amon^ the voun- proletarians. A new attack <
reaction doirnvrd this or-;mi sal ton of the prolelarian youth c
Japan, whit h unwavi rin-is stood for the class siru^-le.

1 here are at present several hundreds different you’*
n realisations wtdi over 100,000 members. About 15^'
tit these are organised arimml the Korean \‘milh h'ederaticf
uliit'h stands on the plat form of a national revolutionary strtlggi
ter the independence ol Korea. The first Voting < 'ornmunist ufrotlp
tlevelnpeti in upi in ihe niiiidlt4 of a process of disintegration ^
the National Kevolutionarv Liber:ilion Movement, and the sharp
mint: of the guerilla slru^-Ie a-ainst the Japanese Imperialist*
1 he numerical and organisational weakness of the Korean prfr
letariat is also e ^ preset! iri these ('ornrnunist Z enith Groups. Tl
majority crl them consist of pretty bourgeois intellectuals imbur
wnh remnants of provincial and ^rotip prejii<lii!cs. Tliis was* ^
iouise, a f*reat obstacle to the development of the V.C.h. and*
tin- rallying of all .sections of ihc youth umler the hanner *’
Communism. Not till 1925. .lid the Korean V.C.I.. succeed ?
organising- m its ranks all the more or less important Common*

KASTKKX AM) COI.ONI.m, VOIJT

(tll]ijps, v\ hii \i had jntliu rn r an h

"'K

!irli..,i the K<ii <-;m v CM.. 1 ji v t-li ijM'.l kr(.„ a.iiei.v,
t'iiimi" mi-l hlr.is -"‘ii ■ "'gaiiising ih<- masses ‘ k

ulh'M-1 uav codu-lcd under the or^thisaiiunal and
lead'i^hip ol the K-ccmii \ A m\r. lit.* ritlhless Mru^ — !r whir \i
took phare in i be mid-vt ol a cruel poller repimr\ ehtiilicd r 11:111 v
tlmuMinds id active yuuiij* t luniminixl^, t ondemne(| r*» hm^ uvm*
ol imprisonment by the Jaj>.meKe plutocrats, as vi-tinis, |,L
amumiu * * 1*7 * 1 lj’Ul] (d llit < oinrminists and Voting ( 'ommimists
took | *f ii' e, w bn b showed to the haling m;issi’s wiih full f Lt? 1 1 \
who were : Sic ri-;il friends of the people, arid the future leaders of
a h-m dutioii.n*y uprising of f-nslav-d Korea.

In the Revolutionary Liberation Movement of the toiling
**f Indonesia a-atnsl 1 b I mpt^rtalisni, the klotif sian
youth played *1 very important 1 a'Vle. ft participated in all the

revolutionary actions of the working masses, and in the process
ihiev. up a series ot organisation'-, w Inch rallied the masses of
voun- workers and peasants and the student voulh lor a revulu-
tiunai \ 1 u—ijlc. Ihe miniera a! %tr* n^th in ]f#jy was :d>out

I'i.'hmi. In Indonesia there are three kinds of voiith ortfanisa-
titais : (1) thi" or- autsat ion “ l>arrsati-M uda/ " which stands on the
I .eft Whytf of t Jie re volut Sonar v mov-ment. In a<|dition to [i ^
— enerai 1 i-vadulit mar v ^^^>r3v this 1 ir-ramsat Ion also 1 ondurts .threat

B ’ ^ »

educational activities. It pt>ssesses 50 sclioofs, which train a bruit
4*50i> sttident'*. | _* } I he orrpimsul ii *n the central school youth*

I lie largest or-nniMiiion ’Ahitm— Java." nuinherm— over 3,1x10

■

members. It publishes a monthly journal and pays g'rciit aUcnttoti
to sptaits. At l he prt ^ent moment a pronss of political a waken -
in- of tho* organisation and it s transformation into revolutionary
organisation is ■ plac es h’ina Hy * there is a whole series of

other Youth or- ani s.j r a»ns, e\;s*Liii^ li--a!fy of semi-.e— all y, winch
have greatly still'ere*l umler the repressions I ol low in- the tm suc-
cessful revolt, and all of u Inch arc part of the ^-C.L- Inco-
Ue^i.t, now in the process of development*

Tlu- Y.C.I.. . *i IVr'.ijt. v\ ht* ')i rxisiot'I 'luring t lit- <iil:m Kt-vo-
Itilitm, u;i>. ilrsi royt'd rtiu-r tin- ili-fr;it. Not till last year die
spontaneous t tiimmmsi Youth or^anisa lions bebin 10 < ^ v 1
fntl join tog.-tlu-r in tin- Y.C.K. of iVrsia. This organism iP't
is ol gn-;n ititporiani-t- in tin- st rimgt honing and ronsnkdation <>
the national revolutionary forces, drawing IT1 ^u.- of \ouni,

workers, |>* asants* and artisans and students into the rev o Litton
ary '1

Tlic V.(',l„ of Ttirki-v, which was set up in >9-M

Ij'irtn.; 1 K is

on the

N i<i* l NTBK N ATK >N A L

vnlINC. COMM1 -N1* ... .

cre« “ dementL Th. tr»»sfor.n» «i ,h,

.»». ; 1 .-Li.,,, „r yow® work"* »"•

f,.r l hi- conduct ol Industrie

t Jr < rt * _ ,1

closely connect «•' 1 (lu, K* (n .li-t> for influence in th«

campaigns ami rtrugg1' iCL,iskilion, resulted in repression

trade unions, ami tor I. wh;L-h delivered heavy blows i0

„„ part ..r ft. Al «,

a I

composed of young workers. * I

REVOLU T l ON ARY Y 0 U Til ORGANISATIONS.

\ special place in the ranks of the V.C.I. is taken by th*
revolutionary iouth organisations. Such youth organisatiofis I
,,V at present onlv developed in the Mongolian count. C (Outer
and Inner Mongolia. Tanu-Tuvva). The low level of the social
am! economic development of these countries, ami almost complete
absence of a proletariat, do not offer a basis for the t ommunist
youth movement. The programme of vhesc organisations is
based upon a struggle against feudal autocratic remnants, 2
struggle for independence, for social and democratic transforma-
tion, for thc distribution of knowledge and European culture anii
technic, and for an alliance with thc revolutionary movement of
the world proletariat and the oppressed nations of the Hast. At
present there exists in Outer Mongolia a Revolutonary \ ou'
League numbering about 7.000, In Tanu-1 uwa lliis League Its?
about 1,500, and in Inner Mongolia about 1,000 members. Whibi
the revolutionary youth organisation in Outer Mongolia and Tanu-
Tuwa developed under peaceful conditions, and participates in the
Government* ifu Revolutionary Youth League of Inner Mongolia,
which has not vet readied the stage of final development, con*
ducts a struggle against the Chinese militarists and feudal lord4
and Lamas for the independence of the country. This type of
youth .organisation must be carefully studied for thc purpose
applying its experiences to other countries in similar social
economic position,

mi: ROLE 01- THE Y.C.L. IN THE SOVIET EAST

Of great importance for thc development of the revolutionarj
Conmmn.st moy. meot in thc East are thc successes of the Cow

“ ' f , V'TI’V'11 the Soviel East. The decisive break-

k f c otd feudal forms social relations in the villages,

* %

HASTEKN AM) COLONIAL YOUTH

land reforms in the republics of Asia, Kasakstan, and Kiruisb
ami the grow th of industry in these territories resulted in a £,, 7
iiig activity among the young workers and peasants \s ‘
example, wc may quote thc fact, that the numerical strength ef
tilt* national organisations of the L. Y.C.L. of the Soviet Union
has grown in two years from 310,000 to 753,000 members.

All these facts are of tremendous importance for the ri-volu-
lionising <d thc youth in the territories bordering on the Soviet
Union, and for the countries of the Hast generally. Hundreds of
thousands of youths emigrating from China, Japan, Korea, Persia,
Turkey, and other countries, who take an active pan in the social
tnd political life of the proletarian republic, and enter the ranks
of the Y.C.L. of the Sovi.-t Union, become enthusiastic, and most
devoted fighters for the liberation of the oppressed peoples ar''

. . 1 J i. , 1 ■ ■ a -*

Agitation and Propaganda

.pin

t,f a imitation anti propaganda

1 ! V 11 ** r**i ■ ^

League, i" -i". .vaUinal quest u>n, ./v.wwn

Leninism : Impt-nal^m. ■ ‘n*U-t;»i iaii dictatorship and

the working class ami l^'"1 rv. . , ciples of Holslmism, c,tH*s.

Soviet i,.v.MiK,.v<l. . u*»

lions of tactics, etc., created the basis for the

writings were P”1 „.orU „( .,„r UwfUM. Th.

strengthening of ih< , ,jv|t ,jK. political educational

Fourth World Congress laid it down tn.u »*«■■ l

" ■: - Jtsrsa TSWtSi "f > -tw

wen ;\rt„p on n national and international scale, thc.r function
being to lead the work of agitation and propaganda m all the

fiCU1 The work of agitation and propaganda was divided into the
following sections: (>) Political education, (a) Agitational and
political campaigns. fc) Brightening of tire inner League life and
introduction of new methods of work. (4) Improvement and
better distribution of the Press.

training of functionaries.

After the Fourth World ( on^rcss live * of the ^ -L-l*

undertook tlse following- tasks in the sphere of Agit-Prop work
(t) Unification of the educational system, (2) Organisation
of membership training. (3) Training of functionaries.

These tasks had to be linked up closely, whilst the centra
of gravity had to be laid on the mass training of the membership
In the period from the Fourth to and the Fifth \Vi>rld Con*
gress a system of training has been developed, which has beet*
improved on the basis of our practical experience. The first gratk
of the political training system had as an object to give politick
education^ to the mass membership. This training was curried
out in training courses, circles, and joint groups. This grade, the

\hr basis of which is the polit minimum is the broadest form ^
our educational work.

The second grade had as object the training of funclionanfft
*0 as to raise their political level. This was carried through H

sd**® dre'icr«cWCCk'Cnd SChW>lS’ WCCk,y and f°rlniKrht-

■ AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA

The highest grade of our training system-, he third „ , 79
trains the leading functionaries by means m ,u . K^itle—

national schools in courses of several weeks* ,u yj'':,n,s;*,ion or
This system has proved to be g,*K| A , dura,“*’-

V Xller . . t .

that the schools fulfil their purpose. “v experience* show

An international school was also planned tu
should have been organised in conjunction with ih* I scIm'01

-»L«- .»•** <»

of the immense difficulties, of a financial and technic , I ,

• “ •- ,hc ,^^su?SdS

■mem.lional school were slopped. In Ih. deleB.i,i„n, of iheT„ „
national l.emn School members of the Y.C.L.'s art included:-!

LEAGUE SCHOOLS.

school

League schools

were held as follow

America

l<>26

duration

3 weeks

England

*9*7

» 1

3 it

Austria ...

1926

i *

1 ’‘ranee ...

1924-26

1 1

2 schools 3 weeks

( Vet ho - Slovakia

1 924-27

1 «

i school to da vs

Germany

jugn-Slavia

>9*5-*?

* *

5* 6 4 weeks

( illegal)

>927

1 1

3 i v

Sweden ,,,

1 * 126

* 1

3 *r

Norway ...

1 926

««

C lima

* i

*9*5

t »

4 * *

Switzerland

1926

t »

9 days

I he programme of these schools were discussed by the Agit-
Pmp department of the Y.C. I. and instructions were sent to the
Central Committees, Comrades, who took charge, were hIm>
NtTU to some of these schools. The fault of the first schools lay
mainly m insulin lent preparation and overburdening of the
scholars, \vhot in many cases, were unable to cope with the
subjects. The programme of the schools was, therefore, im-
proved in line with our experiences. The schools of short duration
not only did not give a possibility of practical work for the
students blit also basic theoretical questions could not be gone
through in such a short time, and the material could not be pre-
pared in sufficient detail. The national schools arc meant in the
first place for comrades, who have already been in leading posi-
tions, |<>r a considerable time and for particularly important
comrades from the factories.

SCHOOLS FOR FUNCTIONARIES.

I luring the period under review great attention was given
la the training of functionaries. We have several forms of such

*. YOUNG COMMUNIST 1NTF.KNAT.ONAt

.... (chools, <>n. week schools, district couiifi

training: , he German I caguc, lot instance , organic I

i.n.1 vt.*Ti '•**'* ■ it |w„ wl,kN .luruiioit, two of ,hf(t

Hi oni >raf 41 ' I. 1 hi1 pmiFniininL1 (»f these srltonL y

tla*nll Utlh I adt S|M% l*il 4 . i ( I! .r1

f « givrn siliiat it>n as well as with problems of uurl.l po|*, I

CM* tit (tie concrete Mtimtio ... the various dis nets Wi,

,‘s. Vs.-.L The school* nlM. dealt with the qi.vM.mi of .he histQfj E

nd growth cl the Young Communis Uague ami *.th P^;t«ti|

jS'slions. Trade rnion Work, Agit-Prop Work. Opponent Work.

etc.

The week-end schools were arranged so ns to deal in
Sunday with a theoretical problem in the form of A lecture**
group work,

Comrades who had piiwJ through the inCUmnt school* w«t
utilised fur the district schools. In t>irtw»*SJovalciii *m ir\en
Saturday and Sunday fur six %tck*. district courses on the b.i*;
of unified pro^ratnnu' were bcM* In the short courses
vQfirrctc qtirvions were tliscuwd dealing with the nn*st iin|>ortir:
polii trial event** Such short rmtrso were also organised r
timit Britain, f

The Afjtl-I'ryp department ha* issued material and plans r
connection with the campaign* I • >i the organisation of such s \wr.
course*-.

TRAINING OF MEMBERSHIP* I

The AciNPrvp department has dealt with this question vtn
thuiou^hly and has contributed much ;n the improvement in tfc
training of the membership, \\V must, however, say Unlay lb
tin- training <if the membership is generally conducted in a VO]
unsystematic fashion* The training syllabus published in iqfi

{ins co i**pies) did inn meet the entire requirements of truing

and I consequently a new syllabus had to be published, which d t*
w.u. theoretical question* in he pan called ** Basic Politic.
Knowledge and with general quesli-^s i„ the part **
Questions of the Y.C.L." This syllabus has been published *

French ZvT' aT e* a,1tl Wk‘ »”<* »• preparatks, *

comhies SSf a,k r-i'S»‘ Th,S *>fr,t,bus ,15>> nlM. some shtf*

publishing* of ° roP department is considering **

published their own P<*tmfc7mum syiiZs. '

with ^ JvstcJ of n .P059^10 to rvaeb the whole members^

has p«« Cll5^ «***taL The German Lr**

p;.SM*l through the politm'n' ° Wh,ch CVCry number musl I***

pohtminimuni courses. h has not been P»

AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA

siblc to tarry this out. In Cwdw-Slovakia |our „ f . *

members passed through the elementary l(IUf„ c ,h°U!‘J"«|

,93i,. * course orgamM.d ;n

SELF-EDUCATION.

SdMuMiM Ims » its object * (,) establishing corn-aim*.
iM-uveen various grades of our s>s.. „, of political £lur.,h?n 3
usMstmg in t We cases where I he desire •« learn has ,Z uZ\
satished b> the ex.Mmg training system. <„ Giving additi*,,

training to those comrades who have already passed Through the

pilrmitiinumi courses* ill<T

^ hc I; C !'* ,.1" Y,C,L> PjmpOII.il to the Leagues the setting
up of self-study bureaus, which should lead ih.- work of self

education and and control same. These proposals were however

HOI put into effect by our Leagues. Only in France and CWbJ

Slovakia w ere exprrimen*s made, which, however, did not bring
forth any results,

SCHOOLS FOR SPECIAL FIELDS OF WORK

I he (ierman League made a first attempt at organising an
Agit-Prop school, which was attended by 45 eomnuk-s. among

wIhmt. w ere representatives of the V.C. Us of C/*cho-Slovakia and
Switzerland, In this central Agit-Prop school questions of agita-
ti*rti and propaganda W4-r.- fully dealt with. On the basis of the
subjec*s dealt with in the school materials were prcparetl in a
scries of rollectivi- (jroups.

In I he diMrit t of Berlin-Briindetiburi;, the V.C.L. of Germany
c oiidiitnpt! :i n hool for f;iclt>ry ^nuip work. All quc>t*ofis relating
10 fnrtory ^roup work were ili >oussi*d by the 45 comnuks p.irtici*
p; 1 1 in^r* (Nlfirt- pli;tn h;i ! f of (hem wvh: from larjjc ;ind medium-
f;ici€>rit*s). The schoof curriculum >iancd from the -k\ >tcm
capitalist cronomy* dealt with the basic questions of
the organisation t*i the Comintern and with practical questions
such a'* (hi- or^:mi>a‘ian of factory1 nuclei, factory papers, labour

Iavvt questions of ymmg workers in trade unions, strike stmie|;yt
etr.

The results obtained by these schools for the sptcJal fields
work were excellent. The l rnininj* of comrades for particular
subjects has been very useful, and should be umlertiken by other
lenjjues* The (ierman League continues thi> kind 0* training,
:,nd has just rontluclcd a scIhk>! for trade union functionaries.

mass work and the introduction of new

METHODS OF WORK.

The centre of gravity of our Agit-Prop work must lie m the
max*, work. It i> nvccsxarv to link up this work closely with our

„ young communist international

, f rt4rt‘- c trade unions *

work in lhl fac|° ’ lir ,,.0rk and of introducing new melW

niu-tii'u of ,'imo in >* 'v;,s °.Ut with f*

wasr.iist'1 l«» tl»* tu ior tj,c *prctfic requirements o

justification tii.n m,f snort entertainment, politicnl satiric*
;hr yotith in iho youth tlttys. youth d*

pta)S u"*' The discussion on tl.c danger. ,/

iuwi young vvVr 1 ^„uiho*ls of work s<x>n contr;.ili.n<1 by avtu
introduction of ^ .. ntfW method* of work “ have l*«

prnriwc. ! >'* , ‘ ,lt,rcs t>( activity. We have started b

jMrtHlnwl '"to - nudeuB mcctioffs by recitations, mu*

brighten it L ‘ ■ .-reation of clubs, young workers l»um.s, nj.

vAllmewT^xrs. Lenin comers, etc., will make it possible tc
(bale 'nearer to our organisation, not only our own members. W
also the young workers who sympathise with us.

Sorrt: leagues have started to hold their seliools, not e
town*, bm in holiday homes or summer Camps. Thus ,,;M
, raining is being linked up with recreation and community life.

\Vc have now also begun to enliven our demonstrations fcj]
carrying posters, tableaus, living newspapers, etc. Youth dap
were turned into festivals by the introduction of drnmniii plsjs.
pj-,Y's gymnastic exhibitions and ail sorts of entertainments
| .‘j | ms anil lantern-slides were also brought into the service of «t*
Agit-Prop work. There is still a lack of special youth films, ar>:
onlv Russian revolutionary films could be utilised for work amofj

m *

young workers.

jp- \ f hJ* X1* V# RVI

Sonic Leagues have organised exhibitions dealing with if*
situation of the young workers and the work of the Y.C.L
Counter exhibitions were also organised against tjourgra?
organisations, a* for instance, in Germany,

I he new methods of work were introduced into our pre^
and literature.

In the summer months, when lire main work is not bcifli

* a rriei i on indoors, we have organised plays and gymnastic evtt

,nKs hi or tier to approach the masses of ihe young workers

\ our II flays and youth meets were linked up with agitation fc

country-side and organisation of new groups.

We have also begun to brighten our training work by

introduction of good training material and supplies, and by nK**

o j>=< tures diagrams, and graphs, thus making our training
easier and lighter.

I he new methods of work have been introduced by the G*

differ (■nf ^110 ‘ U has issued special material f<*

relebrition« *lons. such as graduation celebrations, introductec
celebrations for youth days and for different cumnifiis VtfJ

popular are the living newspapers. AcUml^S quest**

The new methods of work
and literature.

AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA 8

have been dealt with in the form of satirical plays, or lately in
,hl. form of serious agitational ones. The Agit-Prop tmJl
German) arc growing, and arc being copied by our other 1 ' L

rtie Y.C.I-. has SO far issued series of lantern slide's with
64o pictures. I hes. senes arc distributed in many copies, for
Instance, the series on 1-cmn-Liebkntchl and Luxemburg and the
January lights, tn -jz copies.

In Czcchu-Slovitkia tbc question of the introduction of
methods was put forward concretely only in 192 7# Here the Blue
Blouses which arc similar to those m the Soviet Union are popular.
An attempt u* organise yoirh clubs has failed.

In Prance we have cjnly the very fir%t beginnings. The com-
rades tried u> organise a dramatic circle which, however, had not
the desired result.

After the ins* ructions sent out by the Central Committee on
the brightening of the work, a series of circles which existed
before the war, and which were of petty bourgeois character,
sprang up again. However* it has not Ix-en possible to generally
introduce *hr new met hods of work. ft is now intended to or-
ganise the so-called Foyer de jcunes p* (youth clubs and young
workers homes, which should be open not only to the membership,
bill to o* her voting workers.

In the Balkan 1 'outlines the introduction of new methods iv
fraught w ith great difficulties*

In Bulgaria we have organised legal circles which give lec-
tures on political questions; an* I evenings, the programme of which
consists of repor's, recitations, singing, concerts, etc.

In Yugo-Sla via wc have practical]) no possibility of enliven-
ing our work by the introduction of new methods. In sinic
cases, however, the League utilised football mavhes between two
workers organisations for the purpose of holding >l flying
meet ings.

In Rumania wc have created dramatic circles with the help
of 1 he trade unions.

The Creek I-eagtio has not smveeded so far it t utilising the
experiences of others Leagues in its work. Blit the presence of
the Greek representative at the last Plenum gave us the possibility
of concretely putting the question to our Greek League,

Hu* Pf fish League was onlv able to introtluct new method*
to it small extent owing to its illegality*. Good cultural wor *
however, being carried on in the youth sections of the trade union*
In ag- attempts were made to organise a youth educations or
ffUnisiitioit. and for ibis purpose an entertainment magazine v -
published and very well received. \ second journal, w *c w
nf outspoken revolutionary character, was confiscated y
police.

Sj YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

\ It hough i tun have been same negative results, mjcJj
excessive shirking, watering down til our work amt dropping*
politic .d activity* looseness, etc.* nevertheless the positive
iwws of the introduction of w\\ methods ol work consider’
over-weigh the bml features. ,7

SHORTCOMINGS AND TASKS.

The greatest weakness of our work, anti the reason that oa
Leagues are stagnating, can be found in the fact that our forms q
work have not h< en broadened Milltciently so as to satisfy
young workers, to hind them to the organisation, and to nuk*
their duties more interesting* The inner life o( our organisatkr
is *iill unsatisly ing nod dry, and wc do not pay suflieierrt attenfag
to the desires of the young workers for eivcrtniiunciu anti culture.
\Ve must free our meetings fiom the discussion of long-wimV^
adminLti ative or organisational questions, or reduce these qco-
i;ons to the barest minimum. We must underline the nxK{
youthful character of our work* In this sense, wc must approve
the introduction of new met hints ot work, and we should not dk
cuss merits and demerits so much as the practical side of this
quest ion .

Particularly important is the work of agitation and props
gantla in tin* factory groups. In connection with this stands the
qui siitin of the iixu tuatUm of morn her slitp in our Leagues, th
reason* for which, apart from the objective difficulties. He in :h
fact that we do no* carry « >n a regular and systematically plannee
rcvrmliug activity*.

Sima- the Fou'lt W orld t’ongress we have made great pav

Kress in the training ot functionaries. Totally unsat isfaclon-

however, is tin- training of Oiu membership, and the self-studj

work has not yet been seriously approached* It is therefore

n* i cssory in our future work, not only to continue the training

* ‘ Lnu titularies and to broaden this training, but to find forms ft*

ilu- trj lining of our entire membership, and to p;iv particular alter-
turn to the new recruits.

I* R0 (i RAM ME Ol' THE NATIONAL SCHOOL OF THE

V.C.L. OF CZECHO-SLOVAKIA.

Subject.

(»9*7).

Lecturer*

t^LmUlSll0ri 4>* ^arxkm Hconony ,,, *

°f ,hc Cominu‘rn. C.E.S.U. and *

Historical Materialism "* * "* 2

Inhtrue

tors-

ACM A UON AND PROPAGANDA
History of the 1 A.I., Y.C.L.S.U., and

S .Ct« kt kift ... •!« . . , i(t

Stale, I>en toe racy, Dictatorship
Strategy and TtietiCft ...

Agrarian Question

Economic and Foliiical Development of the
C&cc ho- Slovakian Republic
'I he National Question
Trade Union Question ...

Organisational Questions
Russian Revolution anti the
Socialism in (he U.S.S, R,

Agitation and Propaganda
Chinese Revolution
] jiiii n i sin ... *■

+ i *

Building of

2
2

2
3

programme oi; the first FACTORY SCHOOL OF
the Y.C.L. GERMANY, BERLIX-BRANDENBURG

DISTRICT.

Subjects ;

Rule and Tasks <d the Party .

Structure of Present-Day IScrman Capitalism.

R6le of the Factories in the Class Struggle.

Work of the Y.C.L. in the Factories. Building of nuclei.

I Man of Work, for the Factory group.

Strike-Strategy and Tactic,

Situation of the Young Workers in the Soviet Union,.

Role of the Young Worker* in the Capitalist Process of

I Voduri Ion.

Labour Law, Shop Stewards1 Law, Arbitration, etc.
Discussion <m the Shop Stewards* Law* and on Factory
Groups of the Young Red Front organisation.
Communists anti the Trade Unions.

The Trade Union work of (he Y.C.L.

PLAN OF THE NATIONAL AGIT-PROP SCHOOL.

15-2l January, 1928.

(Y.C.L, Germany).

dri-MVL,. — Late afternoon ur evening by a report on ^ Agitation

and Propaganda, M to be followed by discussion o
the plan and conduct of school.

Subjects :

IN vi holugy of the Young Workers.

Our Work*

Fractions in the Trade Unions and Factory Schools.

vor.vc communist Internationa!

Festivals and C'c Ivbrntions.

Wa'Mn^, Camp-lift-, Agitation in ii,c Count •,
j oin minimum Courses. Week Schools ^*,d*
1‘at iory Nucleus. OOJs*

l*uh!u- Demonstrations and

lirrw Vo“"s "uM«-

3385 irsrr^

! !" Ficlurt! a means of .citation

'!»»• '■> '>!"«■ a Factory IW

National \<>uth Day. a

National Holiday Camp.

Activity iunon^ tKc Younj* Workers of the

Countryside

The importance of work amonK the young agricultural watre
labourers and the poor and middle peasants is conditioned hi*
the following facts *

(a) Hy the increased struct between the bourgeoisie and
the proletariat for winning over the youth. (b) The class
differentiation among the peasantry, caused by a whole series of
economic reasons. On the basis of this class differentiation, a
sharpening of the class struggle and a leftward swing of the
majority ol the peasant youth, which, with increased political
consciousness expresses itself in a strong desire tor organisation,
(c) The existence of peasant youth organisations which, as a
rule, arc mass organisation under the influence of the bourgeoisie.
The bourgeoisie develops systematic activity among the peasant
youth, and it must be admitted that they have achieved rather
good re suits in tins connection. In the existing peasant youth
organisations, a process of class different ration takes place on the
basis of which in some countries a leftward movement develops,
whii h struggles against the reactionary leadership which is very
often under our ideological influence, and which stands on the
platform of an alliance between the workers and peasants, (d)
The attempts of the bourgeoisie to strengthen their influence over
(lie peasants* organisations, and in this way over the whole
peasantry. For this purpose the bourgeoisie endeavours to link
up all peasants* organisations on the international scale.

t/n fortunately it must be stated that the activity of our
Leagues among the peasant youth falls far short of the work
carried on in other spheres. This work, however, must not
ue looked upon as something of minor importance. No systematic
work on this field has been carried on by our Leagues during the
last few years. Not only is no mass work being conducted among
the peasant youth, but the work for the winning of the young
agricultural labourers, the poor peasant youth, and the best
elements of the middle peasant youth for the \.C#L»., |s
characterised bv great shortcomings. Hie number of \ i age
groups, which are the basis of the WC.L. in the countryside, is
very small.

The Y.C.L. of Italy organised in 1924-25 about eight Mn"?^
peasants' conferences, which pul forth the chief demands o e
peasant youth. At the same time a special ** Sunday 0
peasant youth was organised, and a leaflet, 41 1 he Sun a\ o

sfc von no communist international

V«unK IVnsimt, ' was isMunJ. A special pamohlet «... , V

•" t,1*‘ Y* witg I.mIcin in (In- I* iritis.” ITiroiiirl. \i **U^**+
ilu Y.CX. ol Italy increased its influence also . ’,s at1”>

s,, ol the peasant W hit I, ;,rr organist! j„' ItT’S

(ihiv is a mans organism ion), The imr* l*^1

ul M> me local groups uf this Catholic organisation in'ri^X'?1
Iltc etinferenn-s called In the Y.C.I.. In the summer ,>f ? 'r

' ( 1 ■ ol published :i special small paper Tor ihn

>..mh unde! I he name, "The Peasant Youth. “ This miJ*®**
nu, illegally in 400 copies. In i, the young peasants
upon to organise themselves in the Federation of \Uril .oi '
-.home,-,. m ,|u. Association for the Defence of ^
l e.is.mlry, and to s,-i up peasant agitational commit 1*1 r
1 he conferences tn Milan and Trieste in the fall of k)2- delS*,
.of peas MU youth participated. In the second half of ,^7
Central Comnuttec oflhcV.C.L. fought again for the orgnJ££

1 >l'"\h conferences, ami for the setting uj ofS

<vommillccs of the villages ami the factories.

""If*;1'' °! Fr;m“‘ 1,1 “'*> organised a series

r >n\ 1 1 V* H\ conferences, at which special demands were *

«.r,w "rSTSf KT if svs,'n’»iic- »

l,u„U Central tLJi.L ' IW J!r *"**- "'"s «*

^ "»•> -M receive »„

ST Prt

lor the seasonal workers, UP sP^'vial dCD0

1 lu ^ .C.L. of Poland began nnnmvim'it J J

more systematic work among the ‘ *9*6 to COgj&K!

was carried on in two directions* din T '* n'is aclivit!

the peasant youth t,r. ' . 1 ‘'c,,v,ty <>( the ViGl

groups, sale of literature, rntri'k? .V C I * “"<1 fWj

organised by the Partv, and p iritein- T *10-1 *n ,,u’ °annpaign’
opponent peasant organisations *!? " thc work among- th

league of IVasam You: h, S P*"«i«lariy i„ the Cenir,

In spite of a whole serf* to- . '■

™kin*> ,u';u!v>:,y "< this work and" " ,,CS-,ht V C L- succeed*!

1“ 1 1 -mu’ ‘ *’*' ‘m* «P peasant group

i waning courses far fun, . ,1u,.v leaflets, and anraniaS

The f«- *hc poaaant youth. W hc,P io draw vf

III i X*u of J\i!a,s I *

Peasant Youth bv ^ 1V , ,s, active in the Pr * , *

Peasant Youth, and m ik^ UCl,0n* to |hc j eJ?™1 Leaffu<s **

k < - w'»eh will fight 1 ^‘Ten,pt* 10 build up ?i°r * ndcpeiidw*

-s '<kain.M ,he fr • . ! *l h ft wing tn th»

leatlcrshin with ^

C< U'NTUYSIDK ACTIVITY

"i fTJ Vf >rfn« :vorktrs nn<1 and wi.h

the demand ol land anti sod for the peasants, ** ’

During the last period the Central Committee of the Y l 1
of Poland has organised special conferences of Co,m,r>. ^0^.
itrics, which have helped considerably towards forwarding tll
Ic^ut^1 uciiviiy iimonfr peastint youth.

' Sonu* uciiviiy nniori^ the youn^ iiifricultural
cornl UC led, e-ven if not systematically, by our Seandiniiv km and
Hut tic

The same run be- s uu\ about our Balkan countries* The
y.C*U "i which works under terribly dimeuh cun*

(lit ion H, nevertheless work is active Ifl seltmf*r up village groups.
Apart from that it carried on considerable work insidi: tlx: YounJ
Peasants* Lenfitie. where ft achieved ^ux>d results. The majority
Qi \Ur membership of this League billowed our slogans, and
jn favour of the united from of the yountf workers, 'fhe Left
\\ has com*Hleral>U: influence, but is not sufficiently welt
or^aniMtl* A left peasant youth paper was issued. The Y.C.L. of
Bulgaria* however, committed mistakes in connection with this
League, iJurin^ 1927 they coventrated too much on work with
the leadership, which caused them to commit mistakes.

"Hie V.C.L. t>f Catecho-SIovakta lias gni many village groups,
but the work in this Held is very u n sat i fact dry.

Certain activity avnonff the peasant youth was also conducted
by Y.C.L/s of China and Japan. The Y-C. L_ of China utilised,
for purposes of mass organisation, the Peasant Section of the
revolutionary peasant leagues. Iliese se* lions had, however, only
a very short existence and consequently it is difficult to estimate
correctly the experience won by them. However, they carried on
i;tKxl work by drawing ir^ the masses of young peasantry the
revolut ion:ir\ prasant or^tinisal ions.

In Japan youth sections rxiM in th<> peasant organisations,

Iti t fie work of the \\C. L. among the youni^ agricultural
lalxnirers and the pi hit peasant youth, the concrete partial de-
mands of an economic and cultural character are of great
importance. Our Leagues have few well-prepared demands as
yetr and do not understand how to put them forward at the cor-
rect time.

W hat di mauds have so far been put forward? A six-hour day
!or young agricultural labourers under 16 and an eight-hour day
fo5 those above; the establishment of schools in every village,
^ith facilities for attending same; two weeks* holiday every' six
nimuhs (Italy) ; the prohibition of heavy agricultural wage-labour
for young workers under iB; no wage-labour for children; relief
f\T unemployed to the amount of the minimum wage;

^ Win ion of guardians' rights exercised by employers over young

K> YOU NO COMMUNIST INTER NATIONAL

■agricultural labour « r-- (< V« . ho-Slovakia) ; the establishment .
law of hours ami conditions of labour for young* agricult /
labourers; free schools for yourt£ agricultural labourers am* ^
peasants; the right of sclf-deU nninniioii for the oppressed
Russians ami Ukrainians (Poland) ; decent sleeping places- J?
hygienic condi lions ; no Sunday work (K ranee); utilisation of ■
village funds for the establishment of clubs and cultural il-
lations for the peasant youth (China); unbroken forty^wo W
interval every week; collective agreements under the control .
tlu- trade unions.; relief for the unemployed by the stale ^
municipal bodies; relief for young agricultural labourers *•
adults to he equal (Finland), etc.

i he activity of the Y.C.L.s* among the peasant youth must1,
increased, better organised and sy sternal h ally developed. Jn iY
field we are faced by a whole series of problems which must
solved. These are : the organisational forms of our work arm**
the peasant youth; the methods of work and aims of the Y.C.L
the villages; activity of the opponent peasant organisations, cti
At the same lime mir Ideological activity among the peasant \gl-
must he strengthened* We must criticise still more strongly ih
various theories of the agrarians, social democrats, etc.

All ilu-st* questions must be solved bv our Leagues and th
) A A.. A thorough and deep analysis of the experiences gainti
in tin'* held, and a detailed working out of our problems— tjils b
'ht‘ t;isk that faces the Fifth World Congress €>f the VC I »
connection with the work among the vovmg workers of fle
countryside. ’

Our Fight Against the Opposing

Organisations ’

THE EIGHT FOR Till* YOUNG WORKERS.

C)n<- <>f Hu: outstanding characteristics of the period vine*

, Fourth World Congress is the sharpening of the fight for
■Tllui nrc among the masses of young workers and peasants. In
tries the bourgeoisie pays increased attention to the work

influt ne ng ami winning the young workers to give better support

' tin- Iwuirgeois and also to the social democratic youth orgamsa-

The wave of increased suppression of the Communist

* o'ement. and the passing spirit of depression among the workers

"ml young workers, following the defeat of the revolutionary

uu - 'h s of 1933. created a favourable situation for the opponent

\outh movement. Particularly noticeable during this period

- . ju. „|t.adv growth and increased activity of the Fascist

lion The reformist and pacifist illusions which were

created bv the relative stabilisation of capitalism and its pacifist

; ‘o brought about a certain activities and partial strengthening
. *, - . - 1 Incciir nkti of tin*

the hid mat :nc 7™" ' ; , *

themselves in the questions of the economic and social conditions

uf the voung workers, and even pul forward special demands for
thc voting workers. We can notice this change in tactics on a
larger or smaller scale in all bourgeois organisation. I he reli-
gious organisation dealt with the questions of the situation of
the young workers and the methods of influencing them at their
international meetings. The same manoeuvre of the rgeoisic
expressed its.-lf in the programme of youth protection demands
put forward bv the Committee of German % outh Organisations •
grouping of all lxmrgeois youth organisations influenced »>
Socialist YmhIi League. The Socialist \ outh League par icipa
in this manoeuvre and put forward an interna ion.i programn c
youth protection demands in conjunction with t ic til erns
Federation of Trade Unions.

By these tactics, the bourgeoisie tried from
ii railicalisation of the masses of youth workers. / P
of radical! sat km* however, expressed itself in a o position 1 .

vnt insidv the bougcois but mostly in the social democra ic ,
organisations.

We can only pride ourselves that by the work of our Lcag ^
among the members of the opponent youth organisa.i .

02 V< >n \*( : C< )M M CN1ST I NT HR NAT I ON AT

rri'iiliitn <>t piotri.’iriiiii i.pposiii.iti m«»v«rinvnls luts I j*|
i*i«* mri c.imi I. I’.irtu'iiliiiK . lists thiN Ijccii .strt-m> i hen
,i|>|)ii< a’liin ill till- Kiel it* ill the tlililvil JioiU in :l|] * ^ !

resulting in itu* leliWiiril move; of masses of young xvortu<|Unif*'

II. TUK C li ISIS IN Till-: SOCIALIST YOUtmI

I NTI: l< N AT I O N A L. 1 **■

hit- pnu'os ol railiciilisation fount I its strongest t-\ijr«s *

in the continuous crisis of the S.Y.L Simv its iiuipti,,

nu-mbiTship h;is i1ro}>jHil continuously. According •« th.ir ^

figures they have (Imppod from ujj.s lo it|>7, from 20*

members to 17^.^,. Tin-. Killing off «.f rmmbirship 1^^

Mill more evtrteiu u we analyse the individual countries!

t treat Hrita'm, the incmlxtrship dropped from tj.ooo to 1 ooci 1

( it r iniiiiy from 1 ,0.000 t.> 50,000, in ltelKh„M fmm 20,000’ i

in Au''ri;i from .*1,000 to 24,000, in Mollam! from 14 co

lo a.iXK». 1 he Italian Section ..f the one time nmooniW

- 1 . :<xo nu mbers has Riven m to the Fascist terror and umS

1. CXIS illegally, has voluntarily dissolved its organisation A1

these figures .m taken from th.- official reports of the S \' I \

the eolh^c is still cautstr^hi... CoiWimt

oh jee live esiima'ion the s Y I h w , , , .morning to

members. ‘S '<”*** M 1>«L

11ns drop is the result of the policy of the < v 1 , ■

outspoken reaetionarv one which is a-

miuonal Fcdcra'.ton of Sori*itU, v* °f ,he Centrist Inter-

SiH-ial nemoer.nic Youth K,?' >0"!1' °rRa»i*ations xvith the

build u so-called w* ' '■ former al tempted to

national. At the Amsterdam C V” l ,e Socialist Y01r.l1 Inter*
particular!) Mill tried to * ,l,. , '”Hrr‘'s m iqa©, ihe Austrians
the question <-,f ,jK. .A , P'-cudo-radical Left position 0#

mobilisation of the yoUn welrtmTaorf Sovil*t Union- <bf

boutgeois youth orgaidsation. MW 1 .7 T,per,rtion wi,h ,bf

quukh mail have hmvever, ven

The cultural work o! ti e r * ^ K*'«
which finds its main occupation menTr? .Socinli« Vein I, I.eagur
’ ”,,t.st‘cUonf *,f l5‘v Socialist Yomh ninmcnl is being CNt«td€*l

fMCUtivo >
accepted ll
ngain^t the
vecond 1m

seated muVhharX; C'SfT

was done bv the Soci-.l'tx S°c,;*lwt ‘ 1 n,‘m are k°,rll*'

tiun if we say that the ,’*»rtit.s . rk'amsa;ions than

national stands to-day <>„ i|„. * "p **f Hie So..:,r,H "? exaggera-
Soeia I- Democracv. r,'mt Uii.i,, . ■ ,N| ' ou*.h Intcr-

"*ng,if International

< >PP< ( >R< J ANISATU >\S

At ilw ttiHIK* "lie. vo. . ren.lv with Ihe Right wing mm cm-.

o( the leaders, the s- worker* went *0 the 1,1,

i„ -.11 sections the S ' l movements have been active

daring the last H w years.

In Cireii* Briiam, n strong Left wing sprang up in the C’.uild

• youth of the Independent Labour Party after the Reformist
eherv in «b** General and Miners Strikes, which declared in

favour of the United Front with the Y.C.L.G.B. In spite of the
/c, the l 'nited I'ront was rejected tiy a very narrow majority
' tllL. national congress, many Iwal guilds and district com-

mittres participated in organising United From, committees and
rarryinK on Unilcil Front actions against Ihe war danger, the
intervention in China, the Anii-n'rade Union Hill, c u\

Tin ciiffcrcnrf Ik? tween the opportunist leadership and the
wing breanw ever deeper, Ihis tleveloprruTii Tuimri Us
cimrlusion In Hu* aplitting off of the Left %ving and the «mtry of
Us fnige majority into the \

hi Austria i in 19^5* a strong oppositional movement grew up
Ythicb resulted in the breakaway of 500 members of the so-called
Imlependem Socialist \ ouih League. After a short existence
this organisation joined the \ *C,L, After the July events of 192;,
the oppisiHon in ihv Austrian Socialist ^'out^l League again
developed, resulting in the breakaway of a few hundred opposi-
tion-i| members am) many iu*\\ recruits (nr the Young Communist
]j*aguc.

The fipposition in Crrmany directed its activity mostly
against the co-operation with the bourgeois youth organisations in
the National Committer of (ierman Youth Organisations. Tin*
opposition movement which was against this policy <>f coalition
arul for tin* United Front with the Communists was sharply
attacked bj thr luirt?aucracy and suppressed with the strongest
methods. The result was thai over a thousand oppositional
\ oung StH'uil ist workers left the organisation in the Spring of
1927 — sOnrc being expelled, sonic leaving out of sympathy with
the expelled. A large section of them joined the Y,C.L*

In France, where only a weak Socialist Nouth organisation
ovists, an opposition movvim itt also grew up which fought against

• hi: attitude ot the f'rench Socialist* Democracy to the new Military

l’herc again, the attempts at suppression on the pari of

the leaders were answered by resignations and going over to the
’ -C. L#

In other countries, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden*

opjx>sitional movements in the Socialist youth organisations grew

11 P the united front of the social democratic young
^r ers with the Y*C.L#, in spite of the prohibition and resistance

14 ^4rt Cl^ their leaders. The leadership of the Socialist Youth

* YOI'X« C«»MMUXIST IXTURNAT^

BR**ATIONAtN

to- I rikts |*hrv look ;i t.OUrM. ()J . ° Klt orKanisat.

■•■m- Hwnm, i hr ,Vr lj,c"

* * . . ’;l; ^ Social*,

Kfc 'V ,rU<U* ",is;"i‘ms- i"

J'nmj* nirinlirt> tll . * •**"»> i^a l i..nv g

»nd ^^uIhTJZuZ Un,hr »n£weof ’J£>nkn.,*«» <fa«

-C.Mn..„,,r 7,: ' " " in„. ,L ,,

>*“»»« - «-a. ,rf r rT '■ z , '

i-attaHM. T».:_. .... . ,r‘"!* unions .n.t . tnr«rls maJh &

,„, >*»« ; "■.««< «n^yn »• *

-i»n. " “^','“1. „

worker* In tfu trade im^ l*11 l,!l,lt*hig over of ti m r;irry on

ifl ’ h« di:, . ; ' ^ n< n s.lr n* tj1(*

mid of , ,nM*fc the youth r ■ tr>c^O on nj'v*

, , ru ofM.mtk *■ ■ 1,11 vvh, t,^ . ve 1 n,i‘ strut:

tliCKp k# >1 1 u>Jis » r~iii f * 1 r ?«c *r r

Kanuanotts a^ain* ,llr ;m', «*» «obij!Mr . Iritefc “«
Although wc can ,, „ pI 0,1 of t , , m‘ntbcf|

V- ’;;t -Si Sr&R JLftjf-g

be loutNf m r' come into th 'i'1" "ft t wi Yoilj

mon* SL'iSs^*? ** — /: v ■ « ; r;* " ■ s.v.i

Mir League* have nr., t^*V l ' «mr nn?i ,,r*''f«»i. „Vrtllson **
moverm-nts ir.si.r.. •“•«JrSrM ’fl1' "ceivil

....... . ’ . ■ oritanis.,fL _ ri,‘--n ,' .. fact ttu

oppwitinnal ^ workVr i”* ^ ^ »** If **“ tl

• **mr;u|cs djtj nut nlJ!*!?* . W*a Very , » 1 h** vi, ,iT °PP‘>»ltl

••"■ITirte ■k' .ir.M the ZZZVT'T1 ’“*» to n *1*'' ta" e *
and to t u i, |, ,|lrrn ,. • v, o

in our future work. ' ' to c, *,r'Ve ,*1‘

tl, f>1 f**rw;ii

f N Vf. *

m'Mala

OPPOSING ORGANISATIONS 95

TMK RKUOIOUS YOUTH ORGANISATIONS.

f The relitfhms youth ori'auUatiorts arc, s%% fur u figures goT
rtur *U*' 'tf* TW>IMT In l^Ir iHHirgrais tump, and they have the

itroflRMt oppOftfJlt ^mth — inirrnutioMl I The Cutholic Youth

Ua^H» v have over twu and three-quarter million members *wo
till I ri« Hi i*f whit'h are organised in tlje International Secretariat fot
Callioln- youth. The Internal ionai of J v.mgclic Youth hu one
anti admlf millifrti iiiemt»cnftv A great percentage of the members
of both organisations, jKirtictilarly Catholic o^pni^itiofli, are
UHitig workers a i til ptusiints* This explains the f;i« t that the
religious «>rg animations have, during the last year*, more than
any other bourgeois youth organisations, taken an interest in the
MX i.il pt^il tun lit thi* young workers. The VN'orld Congress of
the ( itholk Youth in Rome 19^5, hafl as a special p,;nt t n the
agenda t the organisation of the young workers. Also the Inter*
mitii nal C \ hi fe rent e of Catholit* Hoys' Leagues in Antwerp in
io*m paid great attention to the youth by bearing a report eti
(he situation of Patholie work* which dealt very thoroughly with
thi* mrnfality *d the Catholic soung workcri. The Evangelic
Chur* h at its World Congress in Std khoini in 1925 diM ti^cd
the sit nation of the young workers, and called upon its organise*
t . to i\ 1- gn iter iiltention to this quotum. Mnallyk the
' 1*011 fer enro of ,'ltf V.M.C.A. in Ifcteingfor-. intenr>tcd _ in

perhnpk. MiulW dc^KCj with the \v<*rk UMn(f Ih* proletarian

VQUtllk

It is. course, no accident that all tl>c*e orBaniv.iti.«s
nly dlscovcil a warm sj)'»t in thrir hearts fnr the younj'
workrrC. This is onlv an expression of the ^int of dissatisfac-
faction amontr the proletarian members of these organist turns.
Th. , national movements were strongest am-rnff the members

. r >1 r .1 r ^ in Gcntisflv. In a senrs

nf 1 ti«* Catholic \outn organisation* * .** fk* MiLnr

■ * 1 * tiirtiii* \ i iiiriL' n? ^cr s i pp^isi ■ thi p m* )

congresses, opposIttontiU atnoiw V h ' . , fh_ p

# . . r~ 1 inL -,„I ilcmaniled unded front with the t.om-
o. he Centre I art*. ' -^' rfccr.> instead of co-operation

nitmist and social denweraw: "^K .,.t.rod leaders of the

wirh the ( hristinn r^tcitd very cleverly 10 these move-

youth orpam ^ rJilh;r fnr-tfach'nB eo
,m*nt'* bv puttinj; forwato •« _ anfl rvrn t,v dccI-.rinB their

demands for the y°U5£i hodt with the Y.C.L., h* publishing
aBr.cment to the <}<.mands for the unemployed yout*K

joint manitotoM w1tn

worterrs, ctr, ^ ^nild, however, not .^tnp thegrewthof the
These tnniwcuvrrs ^ particularly strong in the campaign
opposition uiovrmm - • Cx-niting houses in iq36. A Naritmnl

for the Youth in Defence of the Eighth Command-

Committee of was organised* stud was joined by a

‘I he r s

m«:i|t ;igoin*»t

0-1

\Y)t VC COM AR i VIST

In.,-,.,.-,. i! frnmir

' NTr

pos
Fvo
bv I

ntOM f;

ni.tss

"Hi*

isarions. This was I lie case also in Austria IM "-rs# NI*>ns llf| *1-.,

Discussions between the Socialisi Votith *jnJ ami

Lucerne Sports International have taken plaee^ 7' :,,!°oa|
about tilis co-operation on an international stall"' °r<Icr h> I, —
From these intentions of the reformists n,* • ^

fall upon our Young* Communist Leagues. \yc _lmP°^ant t
sharpest struggle against the handing over of the ot, ,?

workers in the trade unions and sport organ >°u£

ist Vouth Organisations. It is necessarv to nrr, ‘ ,he $<*;J
m the first place, inside the youth sections of ’the V S ruk'i;>
and of the sports organisations, and to mobilise tln ^ <<ft Uni^
those organisations against the plans of the social dc ,11Cm*>Crs fj;

Although we can consider our fight against tlu-^ v’
general as satisfactory, we must point out the mistake ‘V1- b
work of our Leagues. We did not succeed in winning ike h 'n U'
thousands of young workers which have left the S V I f ^

F Vl'rt I MO OOnoedlnfi I1 . t ^

‘v « pciLtnuitfc come into me v.U.s, The 1

he found in the insufficient recruiting and propaganda acti^
among the members of the S.V.I., and particularly in the
our Leagues have not paid sufficient attention to the opo^i S
n^vements ms^e the S.V. organisations. The work *£%! T
oppositional young workers was very often one- skied and -

understand how to support them In tfeX

and to figffwkVtKm '"hil ******* S° '’‘S *° <lrive ,hem foru'^
in our future 1 * necessar>' to correct these mistake*

iSatioNs-

_<4i ficurc® ^?r
, the - h«vc lhf

C-Ithofic Vouth
, m<.mbcr«, two

l, Secretariat f°.

1 Vouth has one
'0{ the members

l»e fact that the
years, more tha^
an interest »" U'c
©rid Congress

eCiaV P««« on ' .r;
Also the Inter

cs in Antwerp w

aVing a rcP°rl

,-v thoroughly with
The Evangelic

'in .9*5 ^cussed

l upon its organisa-
tion- Finally , the
interested ltsc
tbe

liavt »

itb

oong '

nti^n
v . in

an an

se organisations

* for the young
irtt of dissatisfac-

l'Sc organisations.

aong the members
,v. In a scries of
opposed the policy
nth the Com-
ae! of co-operation
'-a! leaders of thc
crly to these move-

far-reaching economic
by declaring their
by publishing

iccidcnt tmu -
1 spot in their

expression oi
;)rian members
bs were strong
an i sat ions in (
itholic young w

demanded united front w
,ratic workers, mstc.

)VCrs The ecclesiastic
ons reacted very clevc
a series of rather
workers, and vven
1 front with the \ A.i
h.» demands for the uoen

YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

M-rics «>f Catholic youth or^nnisii lions who

the leaders of the Centre Party, < irricil on’ioint ^

the Y.C.L. III favour of expropriation. It js import a,l0fl
that the ojlpOKtlonal you rtf' Catholic workers did n', l" "
With tin* stn ial ilemix iats, but with tin- Communists at'ch**^
Y.C.l... hv iis .imitation, supported and ck-vc|opi-<! Vhi-'o) '
am! stren|r| lien cil their struck- against th, CMbOlicfe!*!?
This disproved the lies of the social (kmocratli, xvliioh say tha ■ .
Communists do not fijjlit against the bourgeois parties ami or - *
isalions, but only carry on l rat rieiclnl struggle aeainsi
democratic.

After the Peoples1 Badlot there was a slight falling off in tf>
opposition move menu A station of the oppositional \xtx*
workers joined the rhrtsnan Suriftlisl Parly, which had ^lit
from the C entre Party, However* there is stilt a fairly str^
opposition spirit in the Catholic youth organisations. *

In the Catholic youth organisations in Italy, which coo&
mostly of young peasants, there was a strong opposition move-
ment against the leaders, who compromised with Fascism. Is
many localities of Italy, Catholic young workers and ymf
peasant'; entered the Failed I* rout, in order to lead the slrugjV
against Fascism, jointly with the Young C ommunist Leapt
Many l atholic young workers also participated in the sending^
a youth delegation n> the Soviet In ion. After the dissolution *
i he i uiholiv Youth Organisation by Fascism, the l>est elcrrer^
fought uniter the leadership of our Young Communist Lc\i£t^
In spite of these successes in Germany and Italy, yr
that our work among the Catholic youth, even h1
countries it is insufficient and unsystematic, whilst the Ot
leagues have not even seriously started this work* This
must i onsiderably strengthened during the next prnou*

iv. Fascist organisations,

a lst ^ oulh have witnessed during the k^t > ^

(or this r growth of (heir organisations. I ]ie rC" -

Governmc V/*^ J 1e strong support by the Fascist Tarties .
class stniKcri",il *L sfu'rPcninir of die class contradictions. a^ ‘;l
or&um a22? cotun,rics* ™e strongest l-nscis! V

according _ to thSr ft l%a¥m Th* “ Avanguardists ,

'nciii.*^ in numK r,^ur«s from April, 1957, to AP”KJL

****«& Unkms’oT’ t v!m ,8°'000_ 10 437.000: tbc or£r^cce^
^ ^winw linii, and Czccho-Stovakia were ^

i22rmJSrt*. «M«g the same period
*^2 ",U P*^ist children's org*^

> Vwr t*agger<’,'’?>,<3?0' Although ibe*c fiSH l(r
f they nevertheless show l*lf

0pp0SINTt' ORGAN ISA 1 IONS 07

Ide n row lb of Ihc Fa*** organisations
**y <*'* rr" 5^ *«' *° wi" ,llC >»un*f , worker* and

,,.aSC'>r ,-r to inlluencc imd educate them m the fascist
peasant. <« onKr fnrcc, forcible inclusion in organ isn-

*r 1S.K - ■—*- -

t lii'in *

^"is, oiL'iinisa lions are very strong in fascist Poland,
. \UC ''.I. ik'dioeratic countries like Germany, 1- ranee. Great

prohibition

The Fa wist oleums:" urns an

- ilrmiH c»u-mr»e» in**

SwJT — - strenglheniu* and increased activity of lb-
E2.tV.Milh organisations. They play an important r6le in the
.a iti.. Iwuiri'cuisie to militarise the young workers.

attempts of i la- bourgeoisie l<> militarise me }*»•••»

's efforts arc being made lo disintegrate the factories in
order to bring the workers in large factories under their inlluencc.
This is being done very effectively by the works sport organisa-
tions In conlradh tion to ihc general upward tendency there is
In (iLrmany during last year, a certain stagnation in the Fascist
Youth organisations* which is caused by the changed r6Ie of
Ctrni-m Fascism,

Our YX\ L,s are conducting' very good work in the struggle
aKi4*n>t I'iiMism. In halv live \ is live only youth organisa-

* *• W * ■*L*

lion which exists illegally, in spite of Fascist terror, and carries

on active work. In all countries our Young Communists are very

* * * ™ ^

acllv<‘ m the defence* against l'nseist attacks, in counter demon-
strations against Fascist demons: ration, etc. Our V.CL.S also
phio] a leading role in t lie creation <>t the Young Red Front
ightcrs organisation in Germany* Franco and Austria, which
-it ^ei as iheir main uisl; the struggle against Fascism*

t 1 rt >n sufficient is, however, our agitational work among
* rs °jf 'ffc Fascist Youth organisations, the establishment
. 1ST,\I1,'t< 's ,tn^ discussions with them for ihc purpose of disin-

Arming the F‘:

LSt ^' ^rganis;iticms. It is absolutely necessary tt>

- iV'E^ a systrmaTk: agitation among the many young workers

Fn * ^ :iNeist organisations.

SfVna J';ts*'ist organisations \vc must also count the Bo>t
arg . which in spite of their avowed impartiality*

a Nf*r: 1,1 h- ' 1 m<,rt- reactionary course

a strw^ y ' reactionary course and are actively serving in

n:ili<rI>-lj ° <-4,tintries tt> militarise the young workers. 1'he inter-
milliQ^1 °irS:,n*S'Ution *»l Hoy Sprouts has about t wo-and-a-half
^fl At; f.-v! n'f in tis The strongest organisations are

very lit |V a [*rcal Britain. To this opponent we have paid
carded 1 at ten l inn in the past. Only our British League has
^DotI work in this field. Towards ihc end of 1927 B
*huh J „ 1 1 campaign against ihc Boy Scouts organisations.
In r^'ilrtI considerable stir, and had good results.

I1;^ ill '! year wc can also notice a certain growth of the

out h tnovi'ineni. is not a firm organisation with

i\M ivcnur
i ion s.

, YOUNG COMMUNIST INTKR\ATl<)\Ar

• UnlfM ideology, but a shapeless timvcimitt which 1
>mmg workers oi various political croctls of the* Ixtur" • ^ *
movement, |) ti liciiku l\ the t atholii .mil pc t ly-buu ri* ^

1 ions. \V«- must oppose the Pacifist propaganda
power, expos,- the real character of bourgeois pacifism L V
try to win the young workers from these organhationsTnty
camp* **

The position in must of our opponent organisation* \s lr,
fn\ournhle foi the winning of the young workers from it*
ranks. V\Y d<> not, however, lake sufficient advantage uf &
favourable situation. All hough litis work has confident

imptoved since the Fourth World ( ongress* there h still a..-
room fur improvement, Our work among the membership of :
K,Y,L, although we have hud a number of successes, has i
not been suih ienth systematic. It is now necessary to uzk

» ■ dr

take systematic, planned work among the bourgeois jdt
organisations, particular!) among the ('ailnilie and Fascist y -
ot ganisalums.

In order to carry on the wmk systematically arid sucitsY
in the opponent organisations, it is necessary to strengthen ^
apparatus and put new life and energy, not only in the ctr-
committees, but alsoitn all districts, localities, and nuclei.

1 Thc Y.C.I. and the Non-Party \

\ MassJJrganifiations ^

t iJ^jiic »f tlif'luTi that the work of the Y.C.I. in (lit: mass

shows mnMiilurable improvement since the last
WorM Omgress, it riuisl be said, that many Leagues, even up
!<• mm. do not appreciately sutficienUy the necessity of this work.
Consequently eI h not being conducted regularly and patiently
enough. Our fractions in most eases are very weak, and in a
number of countries tire mass organisations are still under the
leadership of the Social Democrats, The fight for leadership in
the m:t'> organisation of thc young workers and peasants has
resulted ]n 'rry sharp measures of suppression leading 10 expulsion
a! the radical elements anil even to splits.

WORKERS* SPORTS ORGANISATIONS.

I Yiman Workers Sports movement, which lias about
uootooo members is affiliated to the L. S. I* There are very few

work^v' ° Lerman Y,C,L., and those which exist do not
nit;iT5s S“ slcrTT;itlc’dly towards winning the leadership as a
tt*» c 1 I sS,inK ^ real infiuencc which the League pos-
WarkiTv K, h 11 AV " ln l^H* organisations. In Norway the

ber^ IftTe * /*lm 1',nu' nl •dliliated to the R.S. 1 1 lias 25,000 mem-
petn, of tb y ri^ work of the League is weak, only ten per
0rk^ms;tdOrK ; * ny'nibership being organised in the sport
dciu Hfirktrs U 0< ,a^ fftts are opposed to any tndepen-

a ^ split will t ,-(L ^JC V- ^ nil>^ nu'ut , and undoubtedly sooner or later

^1 ^ ^^erican League works In the Labor

^"ifcition fi„t^ ']] 1 . w:is established in 1926. Since 192O this
spt*r|S" ^r<->vvl1 Irom l*5°° to 4,000 members. Two
ITit* | * X Tn^s were organised, and one is to be held in

a£aiftat thr v/rW1 ,\s fighting ins hie the Sport Organization
^nk"ua^t, uf* K>ua .lst ^ hauvinist influences of the various

L t{00ft n * particularly the Finnish, In Czecho*Slovakia the

wic V ' °n much work among the workers* sports
f. (>nly Vi.ry r uf 1 #u<‘ generally under our ideological inHuence,

/ rj^* In J«Van_ ' rat l mns exist in the reformist sport organ! sa

to pi,. Yy * ?Ur League paid very little attention in previous
Lrt)V('rT1( y‘ '<-wr^ Sports Organisations. 'There has been ari *m-

1 !|b"H| | 1 . , .x 1 1 (ltv ii*i> uuu f i an »ru^

f ' r,‘h»r\. tiii’r... U * iin^ politieul influence of the Y,C-L, has

t 'U* rrtrre- - il1 nmHnw v me < n.i>

ro ' V 1 H Sports Organisation has grown since 19^4
f"l*Wi'n|s t members, the overwhelming majority being

r SO) udtM young workers* With the exception of the

it** YOU NO COMMUNIST I NTERNATIONAi

Spot t organisation in Alsace* Loraine, which is **mv
.S.U but sympailium wit It the R.S I lo tV

Worker! Sports Federation is aJlihand to the Swrtu ^r<*i

4-rit s oJ international matches hac been played and ii ini‘ hl- I

#tin regularly publishes sfxn t papers with a circulation *%{**'

■ opiev In Italy, where alt sport and cultural or^anUaiion!!
big the h'ascist organizations are prohibited, the Lcacur '* ^
less made an attempt in 1*125 hi organize a proletariarw.,
movement* This was, however, soon smashed by Fastest riJrt^*
In t ircat Britain the Trade Union Congress, dutifully Mud!?
year a resolution in favour of u workers snort moventmi 11^

tear a resolution in layout c»i *1 workers sport movement* \h{
till 1927, when the VXM-. look the initiative, was the Rrjtk
Workers Sports Federation, which for a good many years
existed more dead than alive, developed. The l-apr, by ^
work, had won the leadership of the most important L
organism ion (London)* Thai organisation carried nut an Intent*,
lion a! football match in Laris m 1928, in spite of the prohibits
of the L.S.h In the Summer of 1927, the league sent a footM
team Ui the U.S.S.R, l he gati"* taken at the foctball mat v
were given to the " Reply to Chamberlain ' 1 fund. "He
experiences of the team in the Soviet Union were printed^*
pa mp hie i and distributed lit thousands of copies. Th© Argcnth
Workers sports organization, which has approximately 6,a>
members, participated under tin* leadership of the Y.C.L
political activity and demonstrations in connection, for inslar/t
with the Friends of the Soviet Union, the campaign fof Ik
liberation of Mexico, etc* Although the fraction work of tic
\ «C.L* is rather weak we have the leadership in our hands. 1'

VXL of Uruguay leads the Workers' Sports Federation in r
country,

1 he work of our fraction in the Red Sport Internatl^'-

satisfactory* The relations between the Y.C.l- and the R-SX3*
very good.

V **0 LKT aria N D HV I : N C H O It G A N I SATIO NS-

in October, I He Red Young F«>nt Fig*

rU WS sct l,P i" conjunct tad with the orj-an iM1**
M 5<x» of the koo young

htte now about ^TOnf,;r<!nCK- jometl tile new orBani/at'Ot . ,

ortanKa.iun X The Rod Young lrront r%

*0d tnmpai^ns of ;KPar!1C'p:iU ' 3° 0,1 nu-rAhv.:^. dem
organization 11 *e J‘outtB Workers as a proletary' ,y

"'*■ He.1 V.U.OB Front l*e»**$

tlu-m poViticaiK -bni rcach masses of young xvorkt-rs, to ^

a*co,'d nationn’l rncci;l° >n"H them nearer to the 1 .entf Ul .v:

1 mcclm8 « Whitsun, ,9a5l in Berlin, *as a***

n>[

„ u*tY OKU AN isa i

n0N.I AK The Reil Young l‘Tonl

, ..-.mis ‘>f y°°nii V'- ,V ht riuriflc L*" '*m

«*** iro^young worked f.«m the Voting

W**?\rao<- lhou«iw*»oj y s(< | During last month

Ko!^“’« ‘.L had -««■ dtlf^H _ ^ however.

Kal *.* had some d.ltiroiij .. howCvt T.

fLine t« tbf shut t.l Ihe V.C.I.. I Hr

thfWK-7 ; ....hr rl.l>tn« **> ” V . ,,f .!„■ V C.K. TliC

syraSr «*t ^

St^w sf h7| Fron! Fighter-1 orgnniration.

"* i " h, ,.inning of .<)*«, •* lie(! Voun^ ‘/- a

{n Austna. .. »!•' ,>,1|vr#? orgam^ition w«s set »(>. whudi,

Fi-htrrs an.l k<.i ^ h Many numbers of the

r..*rvrr, rcntaimsl i nmjKtr.it u . ... ij-.j Yount; Front

" . .. , t ene tie of Austria joined the Ki a t u

Socal.Ht \ (Hitii ue k iti,„vc organisations were

Fbfhters oreanuwititm, n<>lM

,<i * * ti..r i e|,tirt neriod ol rxnti,iK,,\

Britt.it. tiu! I*t, rly took .he initiative in -Utng up
ihe Labour league of Kx-si-rvicetncn »t the end . 9 /'

National Congress of the Y.C.L. , G-B. decided in March, u>H.

to organise youth srciions *>f the L*L,X* , , -

The Y.C.L, France iwvanls the end 1916 Organised tlte

Vounj; Anti-Fas- ist Cuards, who were formally set up at their
Congress in Si* Denis in November, IjSfi. I Ids orgnnis.lt ton is
buiCt on ihc lines of the Red Young Front Fighters ns a votit
organisation of the A,R.A*(\ (Hx-acrvicctnen*« League) an*t has
altout 1.500 members. Sixty per cent, arc aon- Party young
tfur t \ pel cent, members * »f "be ^ X*Li and ten pc^
'tnh members itf the Social-BenUKTatic Youth and reformist
tRdc unions. During the fioveriiment of the I>cft llkxk tlie
Anli*l’jiseist Ciuards fought actively and wilh^ g1"031
>uCif against the growing F'ascist wave. After Point are,^ \v ’Cn
|''C Government passed to open reaction, the Young Anti-Fascist
JU3rds were forced to extend their fight against Government
^P?rts»i<>n, and fur the defence *>f the young workers against the
Matp power*

During tin- second half of 11)27 ^ Youtlgf Red F ront Fighters
fKinisaijon w;,s SL.( up ;n Greece. At the end of 1927 1 ,,s
s ton had 700 members, fiftv per cent, of whom were non
anJ voung workers.

OTHER FORMS OF WORK.

diibf°mY’f °ur LcaPucs carry on activity ,ns,<,L'Th^1<' 7,ncric.iri

works in the youth sections of the various kcrs*

Sl,n,?U,isM »l'« voung workers for .he MPfOrt on

MrueSits (Miner.- Strike, etc). The League also

102

VOI XV. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

Mime Work In the tUmfonls' organisation v, tt
a students conform. . Uu*k place, attended hv 0,1(1 <•! lta,
t.om fifteen collie. Resolutions ;ik,itlst mi*|it del^J

danger were adopted. and i ^

1,10 Swiu,h American League carries on *

>"«"K workers' dubs and »tu«I«-nis&- orniS.* W°rI* *° ‘k

l^agurs. particularly in the Balkan countries ^

****** work •" «»'•■ V‘»m»K peasants’ organijlatinnl *

I he Chinese League organised a big anti-ChrisiU.
nn nt m iq*6, and set up Anti-Christian Leaeucs in .s
P°‘ lai« during the Ch, ist,n;is week of 1t>,6 M-xJ "t

stra.ums were held in spite of prohibition by the autlJS
I he Pekin Government was even forectl to prohibit ( Kf?^
propaganda obligatory religious training in s. hook, and^
reform the C hnstian schools* 13

I_it tK- work on the pan of our Leagues is being carried ca
in mm h nrgamsatioiis as Free Thinkers* Chess Clubs Ami-
Alcohol, anil various other self educational organiWfei
(Esperanto, ido, Dramatic Circles, etc.)* There are haniivm,
fractions of the \ *C*I^ in these organisations.

In summing up* we must say that with the exception of th

' 011,1 Fighters, our work in the nun- Party hum
organisations of young workers is not satisfactory, YVe have
very few fractions in these organisations. In addition, the pm-
iica vvotk of our Leagues viewed from a very narrow
pointy \\ e cannot expect good results if we work in the*
organisations only in order to utilise them for our League*, to
t raw them into our campaigns, and to win mcnilxTs from tbee
or our organisations. These organisations have their own par*
icu ar o >jects and aims, which fully justify their existence.
must oo upon them not only as a Source for recruits for t^
in* * \ ' >m ™usl i arry on intensive work in them and lor iht&
shiJm- 1° X\it% ky these means the confidence of, ant) die k^m
tr> 1 lt; Vlung workers inside these organisations*

Thc Y.C.I. and Elections

i,M.l ulacc in various countries, France,
1„ vh-* "*;,,s " . 1 • |n addition, the first election*

Camii'v* America. Hitt! the election* in Sweden

niw *,M !ak<jnl IoM Sections will take place in Great Bnta'n.
mil H»t.«n<l. h * > , | j February, iq2*L has paid

Sr.W Z xte c&ton -gns/ In .he political

*«**; J ...Valium guiding lines were laid down for the
« :i nl Virticiilion in all the election* by thc respective
L ll' leagues must participate in these elections with
Tcl^n special youth demands, and

jSJls of agitational work among those M-ct ions of the young
nerkrrs in the respective countries who have no volt. fW
nm also add that during the period under review elections hav e
lafcm place twice. In 1924 in Germany and Great Hntain. in
1927 in Austria and Norway.)

nil: ACTIVITY OF Tills LEAGUES.

The Y.C.L. of France conducted the election campaign by
publie.ii it of its election programme and popularising ot 1 u
rlwiinn tactics, decided upon by the February Plenum of t e

C - 1 “ T i I T1 !f ■ ■ IF f ' 1 1 I ft * _ I . ■ v * 1 _ * j, « •* a ww, .. -I ■ * I ■* a f a ■- I k.1 I S E the Socialist

ncvitcin tnciii's, ucciacu upon i>y me rrwnii.ij * -

Comintern (independent candidates also against the Socialist
candidates in ihe second ballot), and put forlh nine \ . C* L* enn-

•iiiJ iti vi jn conjunction with thc Party- The programme UK>k up
'■5e fwhwitur noinU of nrinrioto during the clcettOll - II ^ fu 11

s in con juncimn wiln uic I'any* inq ' •

tbt’ following points of principle during the election - “

"■i ntol the demands of the voting workers, radical improvement i*1
*hrir conditions i.f life, and*11 Peace cannot be achieved under inc
c*p»liilisf regime, rrhc transformation of the whole agitation
! " 11 ialisi basis, ; that is, its cleansing from Chauvinistic ^
l^JHfblisi rot and its being based* not on capitahs pro _
^kmg, but on Socialist production ; Socialist reorganisation t
>o^th l;d>our, which will make an end to the exploitation o w
workers in the factories and train the young workers
^ HnicaUv-ex peri e need producers; arming of the wor cr ■
mpertnltit robher wars, but for the defence of t te pro ^ ^
jVlU’~7*U Ihcse alms, which are decisive and on the way _t|on
Wk>n Hie working class, cannot be achieve* >

SfWfc"*. but only through the proletnrian rcvcju - n; wEu.h
the help of the peasantry. Pf /'^jV^ up ,He
Driu^f l‘bourgit>oj8-<lenKK- ra l i c State, «ml "t*|l 1 . onjy real

'|1,lr»an die l a! or ship and the Soviet ft which iff able

t \ , I,,, nrtlv force w mu.

,ln;ni dietattirship and tlic Soviet rt k . which >s able
and peasants’ de.nocrncy- the only force Mh.v
‘sfv itu. demands of thv young workers.

1*4 VOUKG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

The League appealed also l*» the masses, „f YOU
unit peasant* in ill'll I shouldci to shoulder ^u.
muiuil l.r.igur to an open smuggle foi a programme „fU 6
which contains the following main points: i. lu-oianniv , tT*a,li,

no child labour under 14 years of age; eight-hour dav X^*?*?*^

si* mv of two paid hours of vocational training ; control
iicihtnn system ; revision of la bour-prut action t, aW,r:
imim wagr ol ten fnincn per day; right to vote unci to be
in ihc trade unions* for alt young workers, 2 ** Ml’ ^
demands; against the military legislation; transformation

army into a voluntary army; reform of the military ketsbi *
Political rights and right to organise for the soldiers and
increase of wages foi all soldiers ami control of the supntie* h
the soldiers; abolition of " lines 11 systems; longer Mi<W
nlxvlition of the reservists* stage* etc, > Cultural and pditW
demands ; against Imperialist leaching in schools; vole ;it ift<
complete amnesty for young workers, soldiers and sailors asi
reservists who had been arrested foi anti-militarist activity.11

I lie \.C*L. in Prance succeeded in Utilising the election cant-
paign for a a al mobilisation «d the masses, the work anton^ ibe
troops, the development of actions, demonstrations, etc.

GERMANY.

I he \ ,C * L, of Germany prcpaml itself for the May election
by drawing up a lesoluiion on the practical tasks of the Letf^
in the election campaign in the present political situation iti Gtf-
many, and the necessary' measures for this campaign for tM
National Conference, which took place in April, 19^*
Chemnitz, 1 he Y.C*L, al the same time published its own clf^
ta>n programme, which contained, in addition to the demand* ^
the l arly, its particular demands on the questions ot voeau>r-
training, school demands, the question of child labour, the ^
and navy, and which dealt with the economic and political sin*
lKm of the young workers.

Ihc Ium item ot ibis election programme, which

principal standpoint to the Parliamentary elections, tuns *
lollows: —

The bourgeois parlies, from the Gorman Nations •»
Ik. ! '•* . oeMMlcmocrnts, lie to tin* masses — when the) ■■
an .1 question of deciding1 in free anti equal c!«uo1’

? my of ,hc "a*«»n. VVc know that this is a lie. bee*1*
£ -]^sen?'° fpCi,k <* *«• and equal election as Ion* asJ**

l™'r£coW™) "hi, !, |!(,|(|s in its hands
dio ° ,"fluw*cc’ ,hc masses (Press, schools, eh»m‘

pnwerl It'1'' l,”‘ssVre on t*,c dependent workers, f**1 ^

PO%*r)- U ,s a Social-Democratic method of mislead^

ELECTIONS 105

,0 u-ll them that the »K»»»! ,lu;

piolctat'an n»a^ ^ aU ideologic*!. .h onom.C »nd

52* <*”' ^FLSSrt the worker# (which they are

»u»« c"n ,,c,''i,!d i>y “

UM however, wc participate in the election

X in the voting. We know that the l».wrKen.M,
^ffw merllMown hv the ballot papers. Hut we believe
Z™ hr election campaign is n means of dear mg from the
I'.-, 1, of the workers all false issues. We CO.lS.der the eleC-
tk,,, >trU,.k.|Y to he a tlemonst ration for our demands ami a
irst-sKHic of our influence among the masses. \\ e act
avoirdtii^ a* the words of Frederick Kngels: * 1 he general
..nil equal e!o t*»ral right is a criterion of the ripeness of
the working class. It will never be more in the present
* * «

*■ * because the election for us is not £i question of vole-
latchmg, but of muss mobilisation, our agitation is not only
dim' it'll towards the voters but equally towards the young
uorkci s and ehiblreri, who have no votes.*

The economic de mantis of tlie League put forth during the
tkctioti campaign were mainly the demands of live Stuttgart
®®n8|,*ss i.<% , the old youth programme. In addition, a pro*
gidiiint: of tk-mamts ft>r soldiers and sailors was drawn up by the
containing the billowing chief demands ; ** Abolition of
fj rKtra,irtl^ry laws which limit the political and trade union
Is ts :^K soldiers in the army ; ini reduction to a system where-
^ delegates h:uc the right lo deeiilc all que^ttOiis

T*lr Ut Uare tif the soldiers, such as food, wages, com*
rbKi ■ *JUNl;t*vs* promotion, illness, etc., as well as po1itic.#il
^3o iV ^'rrss and free organisation of all soldiers and
jr,, . league also put forth as a candidate of the work-

Blrr>ki>mh m lhe nalil>n^l list of tlie C.P.G* Comrade Conrad
this v\llx^TVUuy i,f xUr V-C.L, of Germany, thus guaranteeing

«RK;n^r,,clll;,r at tern ion must be given to the very vivid and
Section ™tlko*?s w'hich were adopted hv our League during the
c>fs':!nk Plenty of material was issued to the lot a

how to introduce their factory papers, street
detail ■. <u‘: the question of the election campaign;

vaMjn‘ SP*akcrs’ notes for meetings and house-to-house can-
tr<ani*ai- **" s.iri-irdftl, also, in drawing the * a ^

ll1" Young Span ac us League, into the eJeHon

M*rnv meetings look place, in which _

s B*ive recitations, dramatic plays# masa-spea 1

io6 YOUNti COMMUNIST INTKRNATlONAi

Our lxaguc also utilised a series of original methods c,f *

for the election campaign, such as cycling and tkmiu

exhibitions, lantern slides, marches, etc*

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

The Young Workers' Communist League of America
on the ist of March, a programme of social legislation i-
young workers, intended for the July elections. The
contained a short introduction which stated the position of ^
League against the large bourgeois parties, Republican^
Democratic, as well as the pett y-bourgeois politicians and lta*>
of the American federation of Labour, who support the t;*s
dates of one of the two capitalist parties, according to their -v
tude towards the trade unions. The programme further ccntar
the following demands : —

** The Young Workers’ Communist League calls upen *Ji:
young workers to support independent political action b} ih
working class (united labour ticket, Labour party) against va
capilalist parties and to rally behind the following demands:—
(i) A vote for the youth! Every young person eighlcc
years of age and over must be given the right to vote. (-)
hour day, five-day week. (3) Abolition of child labour.
Vwcnty dollars minimum wage* At the present time the
wage of the young workers in American industries b Me*
fifteen dollars per week, This is far below a decent stand**-
(5) Youth protection, (6) Four weeks* vacation with pa>
>car. (7) Apprenticeship, Apprenticeship is not an impo^
fuel or in the American industry generally, but is impnrtaE^ “ ^
building trade, printing trades, and some minor industries ^
an- against the legal regulation of apprenticeship, but arc
emulation by the trade unions and apprentices themselves, ^ .
ineluMon of the apprentices into the union with full righ».f-
m 1 regulations that mean the exclusion of the ^PP
-n the industry and the union; against the indenture *}>■*
rj...* rising * if the scale of wages and the lowering ■
E5S of. (8, VMikwl Tr.ini.C- '*■"£

lice shin : l” P<irl iin cffori to make up for the decay of W

'** of initiation for training

hnn 1.1ns. foreman -....t * - * m ^

interest « indusirv : amI engineers

hvduvlrh "

lN 'dthtrr t-r0,n
« quivalent

fav

]t is used to * ^

mwrj m a 0f young people, without

nmerciaWtv ** thc Prt!Mim ,iB*» v,:C;'tio'1;L) of *

to m«riUVir?-nK‘ **<*r,,>grnphy, bo«k-ke« P* y ^
v<v;atinna, .We are again*!

instiillatita . m1?» which is not hint; but a f 1

-our the install*,- ~ --K. winch is nothing mu a
the work schools in 5L I w?rk ^kwI* in factories,

c Soviet Union , and the paid attend**

W
(f i

elections

107

, ,1 fifteen -eighteen, the hours at school

1 wuni; workers kl vVOrk week, and to be graduated

indaiU^ t,w , ;o ,)C rCgUlated by the trade unions,

^vnwitrd. ^ 'ilt, ending *'« School, and the factory

ihr ' 1 #

s,rs25£

^t.fm'r' i!:.tour Party, Vrmlh Clubs. and Laboar I’arty
SI," Clubs, tvhrrcvcr a Labour Party -*'***•

POLAND.

In Poland the Communists had successfully condticted tlie.r
tlo;iH»n campaign, in spite of the tremendous terror ol the d d-
vki Government, the lists which were put forward u™!*f 1 .
k.»!cr>hin of the Communists (Workers* and Peasants L >)
bemff permitted only in fourteen out of the over sixty demon <hs-
Tii. ix. In spite of this, 350,000 electors voted for tin- Communist
list. The Y.C.L, of Poland actively participated t:: the cam-
paign of the Party. It issued illegal newspapers, in the first

pine tis uivn orsiiii, " The Comrade,*’ ami the \\ hite Russian
r> -ti^ v * ^ rc..„ . *• „l.„ 'inti ftirinrv n;iDCT

„jn g mass meeting

*t mpaig n s in the industrial centres, which were held under the
dirtvt auspices of the League, with League members a>
speakers. Many meetings were organised in the factories,
k' Warsaw, during two weeks, forty-six of such meetings took
i 1 in Lodz eight, in the suburbs of Warsaw nineteen. I he
* 11 ;iui* ilcm-M^tL th., r ' v ( ' 1 Pol am L which

Lcnfe eight, in the suburbs of Warsaw nineteen. In

non (kniaials of tlie C. P. ami the V.C.L. of Poland, which

— ■ "ith tht* questions concerning the young workers, " cr*

'jmaiicts both „f political nature (such as votes for the young

eigbiut*n years of age in the elections to the
1 flllc;i||fir| : 1. 1 ’ . 1 i ^ ntiil fconoinn

* jit ri.i o. it 1 iltllUM, I* ^ -

;r""'Vs ai uiifhleen vrars of age in the elections to the Seym,
'■yn.,,,, i„ jn lhc molilc.r language, etc.), and econo 11 nc

(such as demands dealing vsitli the struggle against the
**?*««* of the Pilsudski C '“,mLr w®rkcr*

.. trie AlT

1C.1t mg tt mi ‘ S ' ‘ ,

overnnient against the ytning ^ uor

* “he conditions <>»

■ 1 iiMng'M v tovrrnniviH *ig

xlt and demands for improvement i f tl1

] v vuuilg such as 4* introduction of a v

»iu. unrnmlovctl voi

yum, suen as ^ imromp uvu « _/outh -protect*

viiient relief for the unemployed young

* . . - . ivh eh enslave tm

Piolf Uirittn Youth b agtu- put forward in it*

MImving driiliimlft : (t) Full right to vote at i
m*kc\, (*) Political right* Its join p»rtbs. (3) p
j 1 t*f* Pres* f * m v tiling workers from 1 K years i*f
to marry and divorce from iH years of agv,
rights foe t lie* soldiers* {<>) Introduction of ui., ,„,ir s
system in all branches of l)n* Itrmy. (7) Increase of ,1^
soldiers on 1 hr litisis ol tin- t xislrmi- minimum. (H) SHf-eo
nxr ill lor t lit* youth orptmi sat ions. (4*) (establishment and
in number nf factory schools and snomln! y schools, ujth ^
right »>l sell -government by the student** (10) Equal educate
faciliiirs for mm ami winucn. (it) Increase of the ntimbra if
elemental schools* abolition < >1 school u-cs, and their rrpi*^
mem h> support from the State. ( » -2 ) Complete abolition of child
htbiutr under 15 years of age, (13) Abolition of night work an!
work in dangerous and unhealthy industries for young worker* tf
both sexes, and lor apprentices and shop assistants under iHycar*
114) Six-hnur day and 33-hour week tor young workers under ih.
(15 ) h'out weeks' holiday with pay, (16) Abolition d
apprenticeship s*. nU'IU,

The active participation of the Y A\ 1 *, s in the various ete
lion campaigns is also of great importance, because in the 195“
elections twenty -right millions of young workers were fort*
lust time drawn into the election struggle. To win these section
ol tlx* young workers for ( '01 n muni sin is, in the first place, tbe

... • ' ,w V

ri*»

I Jt * * I ft. F . .**

task iii the Young Communist Leagues,

I lie Young Communist Leagues have developed great acthiV
de.raig the elections, because the di ction campaigns offer a ^

oppoi uinity 1 t *r popularising our programmes and demands f°r ■ f
mob; lisa tton anti aeliv isaiion of our Organisations) and for 1^
creation til factory groups.

Lie \ X *L.> have pul forward in various countries, in roojic

bon with the Parties, young Communists as candidates «* F

lists of the Communist Parties. This was done in order !° Ff

' J! ' : before the masses of young workers the opposition *

bourjjvois Parliaments to the demands and interests of die y'-

workers* and to expose their attitude from the Parli*™*1^
tribunes.

Communist Children's Movement

■ , r nUirk development. which coincided with

After * frr,“!/*LnrCVrtiution«r> wave, ffrcflt difficultly for

.. ,1 1 k1* t * 1 ‘ ' * i . . vk«%t i/kAntif n III

,bc^«' , ******* >■»

»«* l‘r;,l,7i t Lur countries (Germany, Chechoslovakia,
nv™-n| t». a serious weakening of all Communist

Butgaf t*4,

. * ,r 111TW rhe German

fSSterf .«« the October defeat <.f the German pri^rM,

eft *8 movement was

t 1 'it - , *1 ter i n* ui luui 1 m m ~ ■*

Jf^ stol -ml* of it- member.. The Bulgormn

miL-s movement »:.s completely smashed i m < •<>-

Slovakia it went out of esistmer ; and in Norway a split in the

Caamunist children’s movement took plitcc, parallel with the spi t
in ihr Party and lilt* V.tM... Which resulted in the loss of hull
it* mrmWrdiip,

The Ivxeculh c Committee deal! with the situation in Ger-
man* and other countries* and came to l lie conclusion that a
change in the organisational structure and the character of the
I'lhiiy 4if the t liiklrcu's organisations had become unavoidable*
T^t* course was adopted of establishing centralised children s
fur developing activity among the masses of children
moftk-r to support the Party and VX .L They arc based on new
tqpmsational units the school groups, Hiis line was taken at
ib- Hrst National Congress of ttic German Young Spartaeus
m October, 1924, and was supported by the Enlarged
J num in March* 1925. The following years proved the correct-
^l. v ^ ^lt: new plan but showed, however* that it must lx* con-

*****% broadened,

period was also marked by an active discussion in the
v;--f <he 11 Proletarian Child " and the “ International of
1 m the question of Introducing the methods of the

organisation into the activity of our Com*
ir-.-.i * '!lt,rvn*s groups. The outcome of the discussion was,

,,rl-"n of the methods of the Hoy Scouts (the attractive
r formS inclusion «f plays and mass celebrations, camps,
*• . he introduced, whilst the Hoy Scouts system

av l. ... 0,1,5 J,nd the creation of ijo-between organisations, mii:

" liny Scouts' organisations, as proposed by some o ou

Th fts Norway. Cjsccho-SIovakia), must be absolu.^«j«t^.

S?* «»™- «f JU -VP by -VP in.o .bv children
rfcanisaiions

1.0 von NC, COMMUNIST INTEUNation

Tin: SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFFim

ITS RESULTS. RENCB* ^

I his Conference, which look place in Sim, , i
Moscow, with the active participation «r leadi,L ‘ er> '9*5. «
ihr Communist t hildrcn’s movement, h:i<f |(> (i ..
tasks in connection with the problems which confront -7' P**6®
mem in consequence of the partial stabilisation of nSrf*
in view of the experiences which had been u.'hnct! bv tli ■ ' ISm' ^
lion of new organisational forms. ' L ,n,fod[*.

The 1 executive Committee laid down the most important „,i
to be the economic struggle for the interests of the bro.,1
of toilers and exploited children. ‘ mas*i

This aim was accepted, after full diseussio,. ey the (iw,
eoinrades participating in the Conference, as the aim of ir
organisation for the future work of the Children’s Leagues
the Executive Com mi Hue.

I he results of t he Second Conference were considerable, I'
such countries as Great Britain, France and America, question
concerning real mass activity by the Children’s Leagues m
touched, anti in Germany the Children's League, for the first tirj

!CI* a sl<ruKl?1*-’ for the economic interests of the children, Mnf
it up with the genera) struggle of the working-class*

iu a number o! countries new Children's Leagues were yt
up (Austria, Czceho- Slovakia, Poland and South America) and 1
growth of the whole children's movement became noticeable; I"
accordance with the instructions of the Second International Cm-
fererue a Children's Bureau was created in the Executive Co**
nviuee, which began to deal systematically with questions «*■
fronting the children's organisations.

In March, 1926, the Plenum nf the K.C., V.C-L, iliSCO®*1
1 \ 1C question of the children's movement and laid dov*
ie o owing special tasks : Strengthening of the leadership in /
™rtn * L7‘K«es by the V,CJ,( training of leaders and
.. ,^n' SltK!> of attractive methods of work in order to

of the s 'l °i 1 11 ! hiUiren, and the improvement of the lw
,1^!° s ttmups. The Kxeculivc C.«nm.iW

in s?hiWrw*s consequently^

WW I J blm- '\OTk outings, work in playtfrtg*

.1* siJSJS fEZ? °" ,hc **«« ot tb, experkn^

and frorn .1 LSc were first introduced 1,1 , t

fl";“ ■**. s**?'n>£S&

* ln Germany many schools for the <rA,fl

movement °

1 » in lie* Itn.

»n Berlin.

MU,;vs movement 11

CHII-W-1 • _ wcrc formecl and the

,.s n.vl art tv

younu P“,,u'

f-ST-i*-* <"r \\ . Miners' Strike in Grunt Bntam.

•*£&«* S,”k,: he important revolutionary

JJjalr strike Ballot in Germany, the ruse

Z» •« o*r *" ,he" ,ou expris'

* fL^SS* - Children's l*eaRhes. on

,kr a.(irihes Ol y """ <)f G„nt Britain rarricrl on

Ike Teeny CoinraeU > • ■■a („r);imisation of a school

«*, iTLonuric for concrete rlcmanrls of the
«*•* >'•«” rl",:,r5 :.. ' .,™K.h..«o Pioneer organisation quickly

2£ T* SZTiXm showcrl pea. initiative in su^ort-

industrial ventres (Shanghai, Hankow, Canton).

These events have helped ihc movement for participation of
the children in the general st rubric « f the work hip-class, and for
real rr;tss work by our Pioneer organisations.

TH E T 111 R I) I NTE R N AT 1 0 X A L C O X F E R E X C E O F
THE COM M U NIST CHILI) R E X 1 S M O \r EM E N T A X D
THE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING IT.

1 hint l ntemational Conference of Communist Children s
Rulers which was organised bv the E*C., Y.C, I*, in February,
z7* <1* Berlin was well able to stale* on the basis *>f the
^penence gained in the work of the Children's Leagues, how
; 1]-kanisr attrac tive mass work, how to reorganise Oil the basis
v ^,,a) and factory groups, how* to light against opponent
Y «srttii>ns, how to train sect ion -leaders and active children,
ln the support of tlie adults for the struggle of the

;K rvsnlt tff a cnrvfut analysis of all tlu-st- questions ihv
••nlfrenw adopted uniform rules as a sample for all Chdclrct s
an l^,,, i*1' aims and methods of nuclei and group ' . ,

;; ' questions of Children's work, and therefore *««<•»•*

'' *he problems rising from the activity *.»f the lower uni ■

.,f ',rt ss w»* W on two fi.,cts ”) ' li^our 'methods and

'••nils r"klr, ”‘s Leaifues; the bnKhieni^ of 'Jrikes and school

""Kk'les. ... ...Serif

“!'* , WIL ml tilt. H |ll«C

,u Fitfhlh International C'hikl'vn s ' 1 Attractive

Umn'cr work of ,p.-y was conducted on th-s )*"«■

1 1 i

YOUNG COMMUNIST INTHkxvt

i..nn» of «0*k (living newspaper*, mass pi^y «

•n <n rnmnv tmd arc now being dcx-rbipcd in „th.„ **

tn * . ami . tton xx ill. llu Tenth Aiumerv.rx . f
il.r im.'ifuitiiMuil children** Bureau ei*^
children’* delegations (lr.»m (inmam siN . hiKIr. ... ! \,Ml ®* tb*
Immii Cleat Britain six children Mid two leaders' (juH! y"e lwfc;
childre n a nil one leader) :o the Sox U-I Cnii„, Vi' "i
ihe British children WHS particularly Important and waVS61
xx (tit lit.- iigilutun against the- Break of relations bx
with the Soviet Union. The chile r.-n*s delegations eax nU~
impetus to the development «>i the muss work tt[ uur ChH

Leagues by pointing out the weak si.i.-x of th:,t w«rk (ul!T)
system, no eh sc c.mta. * xxith other children’s organisation., \t
These xycnknesses in the mass xxork ; the omissi.iti of the strureV
for the mu I. Sts *.f the ttiihhcft; the simple copying of the actnfl!
of tile Y.C.L. and the Party : the very unsatlafacU n . .>mpoxit«
of the cadre of functionaries ; anil the lack of attention tc th
activity of the Communist Children's Leagues In- the Y.C.L a*
early, brought .ibou* considerable dillii ill lies iluritig l;i>t urr.
resulting in stagnation, and in some Leagues cx'Cll in It falling . *
in tin* children's tnoxcinefu.

The last Plenum of tin* K.C., Y.C.I., in analysing th»
()iU‘stiiin, stutcil that tlusc difficulties can * tills be ovcrcotrie bj
i'iirryinjj out thi1 following prc-rccjuisf tics : —

(a) Uy the Y,t\I./s. a ml I'artks giving tw?ft
iiitnuioi to ih? chiltlrtn's movciiK*n* and appui<'*'rtK
leading tuiic’Unai ius

. ■ * ■*

l^y the t'hildtvn s I .cn^uc merensiujj aVl

111 defence of the* interests of 1 he nutssc** of rfoil
parlicuUirly in connection with strikes of llu1 attllhs* *in'
school slru^l cs* ,

<c) By the inner life of the children’s group »"<>.
groups being brightened and brought into contact with
hx mg mass xxork of the children's movement.

Prom these points of view the questions xx ill have
cussed by the Fifth W orld Congress of the Y.C.L

The

. of the Presidium of the

Y.C.l.

i r.iiiiiivc OHiwuitiw *»( 1 ,u' X.C.I. **
Tl, lwi<Cm ol ho Commu„l„ Youth move

«». , IL .... tl,.- loiuwin* «ub)«ct» —

,hrou,.|, J the <l« i.ion» of the eonjffhMWt.

-STSS^*'-« W-W*"" in -» **,c * s

■ o.

",“ll support Of the £»*£»•»

aibpiin^ dtMf tactics uml activity to in* 1 °,u ,

dtitl the life ami strutftfle ^ the yountf workurs and pv.isn •
(Jj Concrete help Ui working out the political hue an«
in the practical activity of the individual \ ,C.l^ O ull iS^n^
:ht i-jpcriiiHcs id other Liii^urs, drawing attention ^
w caknesscs and mistakes and ihrtiuj^h [x>si t i VC cO-opera^t ion*
1^*1 Or^nhisatiint of internal ioiuil actions and cantpaigni*

Fht iirtivi'Y of the I’n^itlium was coriducteil on the basis of
ir* 'ompIcU', unva« itlalin^ carr) in|; out ol the political Ijtr<" of t n
Communist International and the ruthless simple against mil
r '*■ -kvs atui opinions deviaiini^ frorn this line on an inleniattona
^ naikma! Male, The fact tlmt during the Iasi four years no
ww ,4 the V,tM. has opposed the line of the Comini em, and

Thlt I, II r _ f'^ncut.

. me > A f|, Iias opposed the lint- oi me ^

;‘‘t 'iirirms courses deviating front the standpoint of the Conun-
^ h tve found very lit He support or support for a short period
• ’*• >n dn- final analysis, a result of the standpoint and
^--f-.i.i leading organ 'of the International Communist Youtlt

^'vnicnt.

Tlf.. I'rcsidium desired not only to help the Leagues and to
’ 111 a rofrrn attitude in their' activity, but also to win - c
- ■ young workers and peasants for the Bolshov * *

l 0 kad them in the struggle for the realisation o -

25"*- This task has not vet been carried through- Our m.

consist, in tl,e fact that xve have not ve.
wr'0' through our slogans ami in transforming , Com*
5S?g .He leading sc^ion of the young

^ workers. This task is still before u*. Q™ ^ \}J majn
11 and to help all our Leagues realise n.

... VOITNC COMMUN'IST 1NTSRNATI0H*,

guttling motives of the whole nctiviiv ..i .. Al«

since the l-'miith World Congress, * ‘ of lh ..

In which way has the Presidium M M1t. r

<“ «— « >«* worU i .rC'”1'. V

sprit us, 1

In which way has the Presidium ted i|„.

movement and how did it ronduel its work i i r?mui
spheres ? v 1,1 'ru‘ iibove-

spheres?

1 he means lor the work of the PresidUm* *
lion of plenum sessions and enlarged

K.C.. organisation o i various international c * :i*

sessions in which the tasks were discussed with ZT *
toes from the Leagues, e xperiences exchanged -m.l
measures for the carrying through of ™r tasks
Canter etc letters to the various Leagues on all question- nf ii ‘
activities; {,) Instructions on individual questions, camptii-nL^'I
.u Hons , (.() Sending of representatives of the K.C. foTpractlj;
work in the I. endues; (5) Periodieal discussions with tHckfc&r
comrades of tile individual I -values; (6) Active participation V-

1 u* preparations for* and organisation of, national ccfiurc>s« i-ii
e< mierenccs,

t >ui ot x he 40 mernberh of the K.t . 15 10 20 eontnulcs wA
rt'gularlv’ In the Presidium in conjunction with 10 to 15 poliii
workers, feeling the work of the Presidium*

I he apnratus of the PreSitlum is as follows : (1) Prcsiditir
'yf Sec retariat (political ergan) ; (3) a series of com mb* ions J
departments lor special work, prepa nil icn and discussion of ar
ctvXv questions in various fields (organisation, economic, frt*
union, anli-inilitadut, Opponents, peasant, sport comTiiis^^
coin mission for international connections, agitprop. E^#<
information depart menu and internal ional children's hxxmi
Ul Importers, accord mgr |0 groups of countries, (previoiidy Q>&
missions for groups of countries existed); (5) Kditnrs f
ntcrnational of \ outli in various languages, All cotuni^'1
a. id <?i part mem s in which the most important lA’JigttfS nrt
stated generally meet once a week,

A review of the concrete contents of ihe work ef \^c .^Ti
inm js KUcn, on the one hand, in l he reports of lh** *nt
commission and in the following chapters of this hook.

hCON < ) M 1 C l H A I) H UNIO N COMMISSION*

Tr-„|,,n,n.1C‘d,:“!!'V :,ftcr Fourth World Congress «n
i r.«k l nion Commissi, >„ was set up by the K.C.Y.C.U L*

O,mm,ss,on received reports on economic trade tn»«w '**

uJle L?KII, S- Guiding lines were worked out

lu^ni rivVOrk in Chi™- »' the .ninnies, and on ** $
i Sr ! and ir, India. t„ this period nbo »

| cl„r on the international situation and the in»k5 of <»>f **

rxtn\t ni* THE E.C. 1 5

VKlvSIl> * work was sent to nil

, . ta thc field oi^onoom.

... , i-fi.iicc of the* hurope.m

UJCi«ly. H^S derided to organic an mtvr-

.. cv>n»niu,,,sl

’ i n,dv union week. , ,hc Berlin C< m f ere nec

which was held in

va* *h* ,’,'crlUNiue‘mectin-s dealt with the preparation of
IVrmbcr. ,l,;V ‘ j un;on week, three meetings with the ^ui

■■ in«m:n»>n.' ■ imirtiirn Material was sent to

*fZt wor,. Th«™ .»

't, Mblidtcd a special number of Inprecorr and a series <»

, , the *' littemat tonal of Youth.” I- or the harnessing o
ib’i^alwof the international trade union week, a circular was
jfi.i a scries of articles published in the ” International <>

VcfjiIi M aiui lnpfi*cor r . -

In .^kJitirm to ilie resolution on trade union work adopted

h vr lktlin Conference, concrete lines tor the industrial cum-

: gn> ;md \oung; worker^* conferences were drawn tip during

fe piriixi

The Trade Ihiion C ommission had to deal with the questions
--li union work in the individual countries. The following
:-"ljcr "I nrtcelinu^ of the Trade t nton C.'i>in mission discussed
' " questions,': I'or tiermany ut lireat Britain Norway
^ ^ l, l^nrnark t. I*" ranee 2* C'xeeho- Slovakia 3, I* inland

2* hokmd SwitKerland i, Austria i, Turkey j* ^ u^o-
h c*dna 2, IhS.S.K. 2.

\ ru’r March IMenum, 1926, the following were the main
s;;;;:r^ : il^ question of the British General Strike, the Passaic
t / rct'r ui iht^ week of the Internationa! Federation of
] tVt the Congress oT the International Trade L nion

C>i!‘;,T,ns; Vf C/A -eho-Slov ■akia (l.A.W), the Congress of tlic
1 ,ir; huinmr p:,ru t ^ . 1 ih.. Min-mnlnvn lent among young

t JEi-elto-Slovakia (l,AA\), the Congress 01

M,j_ ^ '%uir l',iri\ ami the wide unemployment among young

Ir, ,a'1 period of work of the Trade Union Commission is

, , J-mujuv, i9..7, ,t> I anuitrv-l'cbruary IMcnttin of tlw h.C.I*.

isisv,,., ",tn^ l’«i\ period ,n> meetings oi the Trade Union

. " held. TTh- problems of radonnlissttion »’\l1

‘^‘1 r«.. ... ,, . . the question of

^ ■ mi'im, 1 rw pronicms 01 ntuuu«M"

-'T r/'1'- the > nting workers in production, the r,ucst,onof
' "",n ;il"! orKanisalionid forms for the ytntth, >o ^

conunissions, the ,|uestion of tlx* r A r ” ...ires Into

* MriU" struggles, the drawing VV-fJjFSSSib' strikes

t, 1 * ^ the working .-lass nnd the Indi ‘ • _MV<tk>n of

•"y-d,. The Commission ^jJggSSrti^ reformist

r*A« ^Ksunst at iniiin s at fusion ni . Internationa!

nf. YOU NO. COMMUNIST

*AI.

»nd A til section A. As ;i .oimtir- measure against tl*
OJt.-t.iiitm «»n a revolutionary basis nml close CO tan ®*
Red I ntemtlionsl of Labour Unions was established
Commission «as set up in conjunction with the R.l LlT*^0**
In the Commission during the Various periods \,f ta.
semniivc* Irom the following 1. rabies ; (;,.nnil('"' ..rtP,f-

Slovakian, French, Norwegian, British, Finnish, lialilm
l Hu. n llrlgian nml Amcriian sal continuously. ' 1

1 « Ht

THU WORK OF THE YOUTH COMMISSION o\

R.l.L.U*

Rv a decision of the Presidium of the Y.C*I, and ihc
live ComnnutT of the R,1X.U.* a Youth Commission mis mm

oil the 3rd of Match, 1927, which consisted of three reprtsm*
lives from the RXl-.U, In the period from March, uj^t .
the Fourth Congress of ihc KJ.Ll'. in Mareh, u>,28t meetings
of this A outh Com mission were held* The whole work of |K
t ommissioii was aetiialU let! by our delegation, This Cumm*-
sioti first of all deah with the Youth work in the Red trade tmior>
of Fritncc anil C /echo -Slovakia ; eonrrelc i ns t ructions on the *trw-
ttiie nt Vtmili Commissions in Ued trade unions v\ err worked cC
The t ommission also dealt with the questions of the track
youth work in Scandinavia, the C,(t, IM\ in France, the LAA
in C //echo-Slov akta and the work of the youth opposition in
t icrman trade uniojis. For l he Fourth Congress of the RJ.1X.
special material on \ outh uneirtplovrricnt, youth work in the tn*-
unions, and organisational forms of the trade union youth vu<*
xvvre issued. Asa result of tin™ work of the Youth Com rnisss
12 youth dckgfttc$ were present from various countries at t**
Fourth Congress of the RXL* U. Ttie Commission has
dratted a resolution on the questions of trade union youth
;md 11 %Hting programme of youth demands, which were
bv the Fourth Congress of the RXFXk

SC I* 1*0 RT OF THE WORK OF OUR I-EAGUhS
T1IH AGIT-PROP DEPARTMENT OF THE K-CAA

* Agit-Prop Department has attempted to help the

ui ihetr work as much as possible, in addition to the

t>n current and special campaigns on an intern*1
tkm^ campaigns were supported by the pu ^

M:iv \l* aVr.iaK' l or rile periodical campaigns, SUC& ^ **L.

*liwidYouihT> w"’ ^in-UcJkncc '> 1 x c ml 1 1 1 1 g Week, *

circulars J,‘,‘ ! J * etc‘* ®P«akcrs* notes, press matcnal.P*.
tion Vh P Wcre s«nt out. Material dealing with the ^
t<- young workers in the Soviet Union were 10 ’

^ t * it O ^ ^ 7

PRESIDIUM »f 111 ;v‘; lwv„ helped in

h.«a •*

or P'“>K?

liWt^

u*** or A.f M- : nun Vacation

?<ESr»f pa-""1 1

\i,V , "B1

, **

1^:-,: fittXVSZ

rrS.r’U™

*" 1 i .m rue. ions «.<

*** i CVcti «•“'

,<ff ‘t11* ...i w

, (U.„i Whb the

' -* ''■'ur'-Mi*”.' *' » f"*noT'yet .ufficiently

* ait n*i>

i® <»“« lhe — ;is; ,wco^e thl. centre

k,J i }.c* Agit'Fl-op Dcpartmu rcai organ

iSL'-lv iaiF out kiMrm-tH-u.. but «.

,l.b'.itWa«U«» »ml agnation.

WOKK OF THE EX1XUT1VE DEALING

' OPPONENT ORGANISATIONS

. * •* iwtriment sot ilself tl»«' task of con-
Hr Oppnm'iiU* inner life <>» ■'I’l*'*'

c^N* ,;^anisa.inns, to send information on this to our ^

Uvem v. an I to bring about the iu-< rssary 5®^" r>IDartinent, the
fail In eoniuvt k>n with \hc Infoiniatio f * . v , -iijoul

League s nrcived regulsirly inlofiiiulion aiid pre^s T11‘1 1
l>c cppoticms' organi sat ions- In addition* regu *tr ar . - ,

c^putitnis* questions apm™arvd m the IntcrnatKHia °

A further task was the review and leadership o c
r^Uuork of the YiCLs, the exchange of experience xnt\'n~
ctKrriJitiaiion *tf the work of individual Leagues# ^ a .. c_
^ Mime gonerat t ireulsirs* the opponents work critiCa^v -

jkmtd on certain occasions ; special letters were stn q'jie

^gues proposing certain means h^r improving thi ir

oil I'crKiiin occasions; spina a I

proposing certain means for ifnpnwing thi ir woi >- ,

Plenum of the YXX* in November* 1926, lh?ri\ Vj j,
i he opponents work* and adopted a resolution 111 *

^ experiences of our work were laid down and tn^ j

*or ‘Hir future work. All the other sessions of t ie * —
!*41* iht- opp<>nents work in connection w it 1 ^ T^yLemcnt.

JS- The corumland leadership of the United Ff°n'

™ ^ is being dealt with in another section. b=«s >

Mh" lhe field of activity of the Opponents Departme • tho

Our „ ‘ tnwiirds the f># ' ■1,t .

■ V/ A Aft .'V LI 1 Ik t

Our chief attention was directed tw"™* tj‘ "attention

"u"y in the tamp of the working class. :*'.**, ..„mriii in
a' therefore given to the review of the opposm®" «JJr y.C.Us
Vovuh Leagues and to «« is^ed

*»4i this move mem. Materials ant *" i>«partmcnt also

1,8 VO,,N'15 COMMUNIST intrrnationv,

worked in v\osc co-operation with the a,,:. ,, ' ’

Hu- preparations for the Twentieth A.mivcrsa?!? ?°mmi^on l
fcreiicc. 3 Mutton ^

During the period j»s, c,uie<1 the Opponents’ n

measures to strengthen our work m»Z\, ,t^pa*“*W
«>l the bourgeois youth organisations. IVt-iil.-ri i. f "* ”Hn'H
the Boy Scouts’ Organisations was sent to the 1 abttR

tailed report on the most important bourgeois vimita,'UC*’.
is being prepared for the Fifth Congress. The 0 '
pnrtmeiil also dealt with the growth of the ISrl* J v"*!1'' ^
men*, and our attitude towards same. 1 oul" "“u*

ORO A NISI N <i COMMISSION.

In addition to the reports from the individual Leaeuo rev
sentatives on the organisational situation in their resn«fb
Ungues which was received by the Commission, the praetkd
v.ork also consisted in the discussion of the following question.:
.- true i arc of the Leagues, exchange of experiences in the oiganki-
lion work ol the various countries. Illegal work of our Ltajjuo
ant, preparations i>»r illegality’, help hv the Parties, fraction sorL
m tin- trade unions and other organisations. Organisation1
questions in the countryside, social composition of our hcapto
.cid leadership, organisation of reporting from the factory pro-?
In the executive committee, questions of struggle against em-
ployers’ terror, and fluctuation.

(c.e Organisational Commission also worked out the statow
of the Young Communist International.

At least once in six months detailed letters on organisation^
questions were sent to the logger l.eagues, which were iIimUc*1-
and decided upon by the Organisational Commission. Pf*
special questions, sueli sis ihe r61e of the factory group in : '
economic struggles, the rAlo and tasks <>f the 'street gnxup^
special instructions were issued by the Organisational t i>ni'r-

sion. f' 4 ■ ■w f h 1 ! IF f 1 * . « *. mr I J h. W* * I \ Jl J I « J v fl !UUl * 4<>

— -r - -r m -m. m t m. « n _ ■% m ■ + H. L h i ^ W JT 1 -M ■ —

siun* Ora ft resolutions for lht* Xiiiioiml CV in presses am* 1
ferenccs, fttld partiruhirlv for I hr Organisational
tin- various I-ea^ucs, were I lioroii^h!) discussed befov*1^1111
the Organisational Commission. . , fol

In addition to tins work* ihe Organisational Contnfis^i>n
discussed the sUUutrs <r1f Ub* individual Ceaj^ues -in1! 111,1 1
posals for them.

S PO RTS C O M M I SSI O N *

I t

I-or some time there was no Spirt Commission, hut l)f'
reporter on sport questions. The work of the Sport Co*J i .

sion of -he M.C.Y.C.U extended to four fields (A Prcpittl'1' ^

thi for uni tonal and iiilrrnationai

,„d *p°rl ,ncct

«****.!, anti ^ncf!

n 9

... i nt: T H lv Iv.V.

PR1-:S1I>11 of )nSlructions of '

, meetings (work" [* rt (Jf the work of tin

M> -retc bisks): a) ; . ’ ooositibti movement

workers'

,on° "I ' V l<m, exist (Great

tioorls organism tons ex v

ffjiliws in' the sports organisations.

information departmen I-

e 4l f7 p V r 1 w:is estab-

The Information Depart mem j- ■ ^ The purpose of

m somaftcr the Foonh \v»rk» ^^;t;malic information
tii. drfKirtntent was to organise ni,ul. o^ss The

•J* Executive Committee, the l.eagues I,lY^ . * ,irTer

department is divided into three sub-section* : (0 The tic P-
3^ section? (2) the mw paper and journal section . (3j

the library. In 1925 a Press review was issued regu .1 , •

* transformed towards the end of ** shor pc i

ito a daily information bulletin* Since May,^ *9-^* 1 1

owe or less regularly a Press bulletin is bein^f issued VVJ^

From May* 1926, to ibe end of 1926, 26 Press bullet n ^

*tfe published ; during 1927* 44. In addition to the Press bulletin
^uhr speeiul information on important problems and events
‘hr yountj workers* movement arc being issued- ^

Tlu.‘ cmtiajj section* which \va> in Berlin Up 1924* 'v,lj
to Moscrow during 1925-6^ an<l was there 1 onvp 1 t
In this sct'iiivTi *ii * c 1. 1 <u*ci iitj 1 "1 lit * 1 it ihe fields ol wo *

>Vk tlltB, \Y11IU1 Vd'" 1 ^ ^ 1

to Moscow during 1925-6, an<l was there i oiiip 1 ^
ihh svelitm ffippintjs divided according to the fields o 'v° '

' 1 1 most important papers* and from journals tK*i

■ ;?h nuesdims are bcinK kept. The cutting section serves as *
r1 ^ ^°r dtc reimrts and investigations ol the reporters o

h-V,

^ In the newspaper and journal section about 17° journa ■_ _

2*™°* "•>"> «» P->» •'« “”W a:L cS.'«ral o^..:

tt\ T1. Papers and journals of our l.eagues, the . . ortr;misa-

lifln ^°UrkCois Social - Democratic and Socialist V , . ctluca-

li ' cotmlrk's ; and journals cliannj. , . paper-.

1,‘V.I policy. Apart from these, there *£ thfZosl
r 'lr Communist CiaidrcnV 1-vaguc. a< the central

bourgeois li.iilu s ai.- kept, to.:> • ■ ( oimim1’1*1

,>’K of Smi uUDemocracy and Fascism and

* 1.* Hines

'-111 ,, *rv Ult- t r\. u

> I res;** iW7Ciees and utdiscs

li . Information Department rcgu'-ir ' ol„i„tc> n.
'formation ami reports of the Frofmtcro, c

vorNC. OuMMUMST INTERNATIONAL

tern, IVessintcm, Mopr. etc. •'!"«' contact with the Informal1
Ilopnrlmrnl *d the Comintern has bleu established* 4 100

TIm* library contains approximately <1,000 bttoks in Vavtn

| r 1 ml 1 1 , l.udksh, S .mdiiMVi.rn, 1 1 .il i.111, < /rrhish, Rolisli, Spa^t
ami t » f her Inngiiagcs, and 1 ,uhj liooks in l hr Russian
l hr Itooks of tlii' library art* being plitir.l mvoaliti|. u> the
4 if mir work* A catalogue b> authors is in preparation.

The number **1 comrades working in the Information Drpart.
meril has nr great rlittnfjcs ; at the present mumi m fr h

six.

I: A ST!; U N inil'A RT M I: N T*

After the Kotirlh Wtirlil Congress of the Y*C.l., an Eastern
iVpartmnr of the K*l\, V.CM., was created for the lir*i timi*.
Aiming the tasks of tins depat imctU were the following:—

(a) Study of the s<,H“i;d ami iVoiitMuic situation nf the
Eastern countries*

(h) Study ol the situation of the young workers ard
peasants and the position of the youth movement in the
blast.

(e) Working out of questions of principle anil the 1 actio
of policy and activity of I lie Y.CJ. in the bust.

(dl I nst ructions, circular letters and letters for Eastern

countries*

(©) Information of the Western European and American

sections on the youth movement in the East.

(f) Instructions and control of the individual section

and organisations*

(i^) Working nut of instructions for the t otonial
merit of the Central t dmniit lees of the V.C. l« s ^

countries* t *

(h) Education and training of Y.C.L* functionaries

the ranks of the Eastern comrades. ,

The Eastern Commission consists of representatixes ^on\ .
following sect ions : Soviet Enion, Great Britain* hranOC. * /Oithc
The composition of the Commission underwent changes, ^

exception of a small group of .comrades who work regu ^ ^ ^
the apparatus of the Representatives of the "S X ‘ " r'^rtl

in the East did not work as permanent members of thi fr
department t because these sections do not have pertnaiuo ^ ^

sent a lives on the Executive Committee* l his. of course,
sidcrably hindered the work of the Drpaftmont, 1 he ,*a,

able part of the activity of the Eastern Department ^

current operative work, issuing of ins! ructions and betters ^

individual sections. Xo important event in the social h * ^ ^
individual Eastern countries and their Communist Youth ^ 1 "

_ T. * ut

(t,x. nF Tilt- Tv.X.

PRESIPI' ■ ,ho V.C.I., *n«>

une*"'*"UW . al„l I... 11^, j»“ "'•,l

whi1'1 , “'1 ''°'vn * t|V „f e,ch itngli fighting

1****? $ C.\ ... *rBt ?“ of the social »>'*« * ",,UMn,r

Lp * ‘ rliorv «nrk »* Mml> , Lvnnrni in »!>*• v rlotta

^ ilr . f p^itioa of the yo ^ as completed. Great

* Unifies ( e*° now ,K < • *4 1 * * ^ f y net ioMfill ffortl

•;£!**« ^ ^ developed. The tunc.

ot the Eas**r" ' 11 t . ios. contact With the

R“St.C/r. . Nuclei «f the t ’mnrmmist University

action# aw* ' ! |.;ilSt. minib. r..^ al ..«•*- ' aml

SSt* '* ,.!! numbering about M‘>- :"U1,t,on*

-«f" ;;s«r„" 'V.; '.LLn ^ repr«CT«-

E.;, A,,,. .^s;

Ixi. k, thr work of .lie Eastern Department ,vn». to a tertom
nhol. «nu1 to .lie requirement, of .lie training o
t rjfirsoi the Ikiinc countries for O.lonuu work. nl

was the ac'ivity of the ly.stcro 1 Jcp..rtmc«H

r tV issuing of i nst rue fU ins for the Colonial Dcpartimi «*.

Cfr:^l Cummi ttves of the Y«C»Ui,S» ill home t« un ru . .

wsmrtxuM\ consists in the fact that the t cntral Comnutteei i „
kox countries (Id not have such depart ntcnls, as 1 ^ itVnl

iuwcaw s, joined with rhe Colonial Departments of the ^ _

uf the ParlKs* which results in the fact *ha‘ no
r ' i attention k being given to this work, ami no inslr j f ^
Jt Eastern Department of the Y-C.I-. arc being us _ _ , . .
Ufcf»the informal itiii of the Western European and Aintric. -
^ the youth movement in the East is concerned, tm_
^ E- n»;i very well organised, and was limited to the > ^

^ *f matirhils fur thr Western European and A merit. J

papers. . . .he

I’rcsUlittm of the- Y.C.I. sent eight representau^ ves _ ^
£*** ‘outuries in the Near and Far East durn^ the f
Review, in Order. to directly instruct the °r^,’lis‘,<>olai.l with
^ c Eastern Department had personal nr wr» tr ' . jn-t Japan*
Ko, ^"isMttiens of the following: countries : - ic0j|a, Inner

■ «»oiiarui aim ( icrmany.

AGRARIAN COMMISSION-^ ^ ^ ^ became

WiI' after tin- l-'ourtll Con press 1,1 |t:lli ,„)l taken .nv

1 that the majority of the ls**g*J

I 22

YOU NO COMMUNIST 1NTKRNATIONAI

measures to conduct systematic work in (lie count rv*;

ally for three mcntlis. i lie nrst iru.truc.ion sent oui i,v ,l
\ (• rnrtnn Commission was directed to all Leagues cm the or.'a
isation of an apparatus for work in the village. The instruct i^i
were sent out together with a covering Jetu-i stressing the itn-
portance ol this work.

th* WQcfc

The further uciivity ot the Agrarian Commission ex tank
in the folhiiving three fields

i. Study of the experiences of :hc work of our Leagues
nmon^ the peasant >mith and working out of msiruciiuns* For
this purpose re-ports of the representatives of the various Leasts
were submitted, also in those eases where questions in the work
of any League in the countryside arose* The CommUtbn
analysed the work of tin- Italian, Swedish, Polish, Bulgaria*,
French* Juiro-Slavisin, Norwegian, Rumanian* Finnish* Chines
and Japanese Y.O.L/S. A letter on child labour in the village*
was sent to the Y.C.L. of Germany. The work in tnc country <r
some V, CM„'s was, however, not dealt with once, whilst t<*
activity of other Leagues in this field was discussed several timo
(Poland. Bulgaria, Pnly, France, Sweden). The expcritmes
the Italian Y.C.L. for 1925 <conmiciw»»nem of ike
weaknesses, etc.) were dealt with specially, and were aid
in a separate letter which was sent to the Leagues. In m<»>
persona! instructions were given to tin- Leagues.

3. Working out of special questions of th.t- p ,

Y.C.L. *s in the villages. The Agrarian JS tV

whole series of questions in every plan o wor • . ^ ihr

^deration : The organisational forms for worl k . 1 l^BftUJ.

peasant voulh; object- - -I work of *1' > • ■ ' ' ‘ ou patttf*

side; methods of work, demands of i he poor m < ^J^dtou

vouth ; organisation of an apparatus ol Pca'>,IT 1lir ih«* Pcaa"
for the vouth press; the work of the opponents ■,rm> ut. minus p!V>
vouth, etc. In general, the working ««< ycb. ir* I1*'

reeded slowly. During the Plenum of 'he \v,s hc« I'

1927. a special Commission for work m the vtiwg ■ ^ .,n,| t*

this Commission most of these questions wc n c vlikfc

Presidium of the Y.C.I adopted a spec.al res “ |he ft***
afterwards sent to all Leagues. In this rtso work 0 '■

questions were taken up *- The Importance of 5™ ^ V* £
Y.C.L.’s in the village; the weaknesses *> . niintrys'^’ ' .

field; the objects of the V.C. L. s work m _ _ jjh* f>e****

relation to the peasants' organisation anilun c,c'

International; our work in the mass 1 e.tsan

ffl\i OF THE K C*
|.121'SII)I1 M

civ*'" . _ ...ni rn t 1

I *!3

Plil-SIDI 1 preparation of the question

. ,lso belongs tn» 1 H nls in connection

gr-fSS is a. P~«"*

. v cl* 5* ,c tlf die i

i** r:<ih Co«8nsSS . —

. . ..... „,.rk of Ilia Agrarinn Com-

<*r“5jw fi.1'1 ‘'I ‘ up ..f youth sections at the

J'Jnne-'”" «;"• ,'?„ hc ...p|nnl' of llunr work, anti

sat* 'rrsX* ">••• ^

W among the peasantry. C.L's. and ''it: Y.C.I.

***** <* ** ::nx:cx;,z: <>f thc °jm-

,k «*rfe among .he -

■ «(|id not achieve great results.

(OtllHSSION FOR INTERNATIONA.. CONNECT.ONS.

n. jUUCUd .hr y....nB worker, tfftte «**» l«u

■raid questions, in the exchange o opim . . ' tj foreign

*, of other rounlr.es, the desire to give help to the .0 U
rendcs, has grown in the last period m connection with -he
! ^rpeninc of the rcvoluiiumiry stru^y;lc aliroad* r

TKe chief tusks of the Commission for Interna lon* , I
: r«* in 4ur^;iin>iii|^ vonet turns butwuen groups

IX. L in the Soviet I’nion and tbe N X. L. s abrottd, >> c

Iheraturc and material on work t Tmclueted, etc, - , . ,

' 'Oi mt mt-m eorrespontlemv is beinjj kept up n-Jih **

Fwre, Czecho-Slovakla, Sweden and partly with Great l*rt *

H Xonvay, In retrular contact l>v letter there are a >J1!

the Y.C.L. S,IL and the

tlits number of nuclei corresponding regularly is n(' . t

^explained, in the first place, by the fact that .th.e f.r

do not reply to the letters of die nuclei o 1 ^ ' -

Most Of the foreign V.C.L.'s arc not conscious of ^

’■ ( of the connection with the young Communis - ,plo

, ,’.rI ' n’t>” and therchirc tlo not pay sufficient a tun i« ^

connect ions. Onlv Germany -^nd
“*fa'e Commissions in the Central Comm it to - 'VHC nnCctioO

. •onncction work Hu rcwpon.1cn.-e ami * «»l»

J. ^ two countries is therefore better. b |* between

. vry wen organised international connection ^ ^ Russian

Vpi ’nin"misi vouth organisations 't, ^rctinisadons*

ih- ta,Is »» active support by the "

ML**PW»ved by the experience- of somc_ _ sUpport
. an,i Frencl, YAM* organisations. 1 ‘ comluct *'> *’

iUt ta*^s u> active support by the * ; !* m Cxccho
V: 's Pr<w«*l by the experiences «' so”vl' .. j‘ ^upp<irt c s p '

df ; an.d Frcru'h Y.C.L. organisation-- . l t,nducl +'i L "

2'n *>'« organisation or material help. *n ^ The o'**"1"
Saturdavs, International hvcttn’k'i .. ‘ "*ir* j

Zt lhc V.C.I.. S.V. cannot «t «» ^

lltcy hnve very little, iu c|1'

, Vur.M’. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

lilf .mil Ut livtt) t»r the organisation* abroad. The foieiun
nUtiiiona, therefore, must come to their assistance by ink„w*"
their " Stiffs'* regularly on their work, by sending material?!
the strengthening and enlivening ol the international work Jj
inlet national solidarity between the Communist brother LtaKU*
On the basis of curn ■>|miu!oicf ami live Connection* th*
K*.msomo|s of the Soviet L'ninn can become acquaints I wit!itv
international youth movement this tgh the gem-ral [Hitittca] am]
Mtcia) situation in other countries, and vice versa.

The material assistance which is being given to the brother
Leagues begins now to develop broad forms, am! t%.
presses itself in the following fashion : (i) Collection *>f the Into,
national Levy; (a) Participation *>f the Young Communist Leagw
in ah international campaigns of the Party and trade union; (j)
Organisation of systematic support » i the organisations of tfe
V.c.l. bv the " She!” organisations; {^) Participation of the
V C L. in the work of the ** Mopr ** (International Labour De-
fence, I.C.YV. P.A.).

The tasks in 4 hia connection are the fotoxving :

Drawing in of international connection work into the genrnl
system of the training work of the V.C.L. *s; training of function*-
rk-s lor international propaganda work, creation of * in tc' and ■“
cussion classes at the corresponding committees of the huwitt
v C.L. creation of circles for study of foreign la«gi»k"
co-operation with Mopr and support in its work; orgimisatu.n v
V.C.L. corners m factories and workshops (these must
centre of activity in the factories); systematic materia a
for the brother leagues; a wide propaganda camping _ _

Press am! publication of tilcniiurc dealing1 llut >

intcrnatiavntl youth movement.

•m

INTERNATION AL CHILDREN'S BUREAl

The roui th Con
fcliiAVlivcs on the que

figrcss of the Y.C. L viitl not MfrfiU

■stion of the Communist Children > *T ...

ilirtvtivcs on the question ol the tommuniM uccc^V

with the exception of a short instruction rogardinjjf i^^iucat?0®1
lor closer attention being paitl to questions of < V1 * £~OTnifi,cn^
(from the resolution of the Fifth Congress uf t^vC 'l

\ i i oiij ini f y lilt i i I t i v ^ *

This related not only to the Y.C.L, but also to the

At the same time, the situation which was* ^ V * inim^ ^
after the Fourth Congress demanded the solution o 'l ^
questions of principle, which were subsequen tij ^vv b>4

Plenum of the P.C., V.C.L The International Childrc f

formulated and paid attention to those questions. * 1

steps being taken for their execution : — *nlia *

t. The transforming of children s

niK R.v.

I 2 5

mr the . , , ,ilC lvnUtr^co - — - *

\ wnfirmed o) * ;(l March, *9*5#*

1 *m! tht*"1 wmi , ^ rtn Section*. m 1 _

toi4. it mrv furl*'1 . t mtci ilM'tll.il

vr i. »«*1«awr> , reformation «>t

' i ,oggcM«»«> '“r ll l( ' . .. Red Boy Scouts i

’■ ,o! Hie iH.y M-oui t)|R

"i-v

. ol * " |nicrnn<u>i<»l *

fP" ",ber’ "9 S>

SK22SW ....

The strengthening . ,, ,hc formation

povrmenlhvth. ' ^ . Bureau In the EX., Y.C.*..

« in International Cluldrin. t countries. Also

*4 «f CWWiw’s Bureaux m all ;‘111 ,„ok place in

tkfcM Training M I !• r 1 • ' r" ' ,

Grrmarty in * Decisions <* ^ OreaflisiilK

YAM, in Mdtih, i9a6v and instructions af
Bureau of the E.C*, C*!*, m *dl Communis -1

5, The introtliielion of new forms ol muss * - .

mneetton with the economic and political sIiukk
Proletariat, including instructions re Summer conneCtion
nisi turn of camps, excursions; decisions , M(t(

Villi the Miners' Sirikc in tireat Britain; the J coph s -
wiCcTfoany; the Passaic Strike; the struggle m * «ional

especial instructor’s tour for a member of the ft r'^ccho-
Children’s Bureau through tier many, Austria,

Slovakia and Switzerland, during the Summer o J9

<f- All spheres of activity of the Children > ^tjons

''pti rnatiseii, and methods of work of the low*r ork
c,arifl€d- The question of the struggle a^anis PJ^nisa.

nations was brought forward as well as ^ /Third
\'T of Uihl]x assistance of the children's Leagues in

fur the economic

m. m ■ * . -i

■’ U1 -“lull assistance of the cmiarcn ^ \ , ,apUo in

laiernational Conference of leaders of Children * ^hUd -

February, lC),7. Hie journal “ Pe°^^ ?ha organisn-

?Ptovc<1. Decision of the E.C., C.L, regarding ,utionary
^ special committees of aid for the

r Ink p 1 ■ I ^ _ * * ■ m

thililrcrpjj movement.) . of active

it'ii"’ * *1(' training of leaders anc* Central Schools
' " Wren’s functionaries for this wor .onfcr<a*ees ' ‘l* rt
Raised in Austria and Children’s Franc-

"• place, and congresses of 1 Sweden jn<

in Czecho slovakia, Norway.

YOUNG COMMUNIST INTER NATION

Members of the International Children's it

these countries. ’ urMu visiut) ^

S. Mass campaigns were conducted in
Seventh International Children’s Week and Mr"vhon uljf,
the Tenth Anniversary in October. for

delegations were sent to the Soviet Union— Entd' f<a*’*
atul German — in the summer of ltJ2- '** , ’

propaganda being made for same ; also dcl<^nt<!!”?™:,llW^
to Austria and Holland. ' crc **“>

9. Relations were established with the Parts Internal r 1
of Educational Workers, and two delegates were sent to tl
International Pedagogic Conference held in l.eipsjg. one d
them speaking in Congress.

10, Establishment of International relations between
pioneer organisations and patronage committees of th*
children's organisations abroad, were established {rtccp*
tion of delegations, financial assistance, forwarding o!
material, etc-).

11 * J he publication of children's literature and materia)
for leaders : — ** Pioneers of Bobhiska ” (German ami Swedish
edition); “ Red Drummer " (library (German edition, in eight
numbers); “ Pree Children of a Free Country (German
edition); Pioneers of the S.U „ * * (German edition).

12. Organisation of an excursion of 30 chihircn's gtoup
leaders to thi* S. l\ and sending of a Scandinavian childrens
delegation in the Summer of 1928* During the period ju*t
ended, new organisations were set up i it twelve countrsc*.
whilst the organisations in three countries collapsed.

Sessions

of the Plenary a

nd Enlarged

the

* ■ f Presidium ami tnc

^ „ the v "."ions of the Plenary Execu-

ioufi nt'w ta>k>.. liincraii. . . * ti.(. o r. of the

fit arc called immediately after t i« scsM”.' particularly when
CmmiUi International. From time to time, P'" lu 1 K\r > t

Idling with important questions, representative * p .u,

.1. In this way the Plenary Fxecu

— port.ini countries arc invited. In this way the 41 * -
:iit ii enlarged by ten to fifteen delegates.

Since the Fourth World Congress five sessions of the t lo * >
r .] Enlarged Executive of the \*C-I- have been hex tc *

mk beginning of April, 1926; the second in March, 192 g
t^e Third in November, 1926; the fourth in June, 19~/ *
t'X-fthin February — March, 1928-

EN LA U G E D H X E CUT1 V E t APRIL, S (>25 .

L - first Enlarged Executive after the World Congress dial*
\ ,J H-ries tif questions arising out of the decisions of the ou

" ' ; - Lon^ress.

Lie must important item of these sessions was the | -

1 1 tlipsis on Bolshevisation of the Y-C.L. s lo t us ,
hf of principle and the concrete tasks of our \ *C. c

CSC sessions was me

i 1 he v . c. I— ‘s i» * h ,s 1 lu;;;;
te tasks of our Y.C.1-. *• i» _

s .ire

^*7 «i“ly of l

l vr,,., 1 ■ .

ong

eninism*

hem on the agenda dealt with va"°S!L(j |,v the
C., '.1, *«h the realisation of the slogan put ,

■ 1 . Congress (“ Complete Reorganisatiu^ soSS;,>n ln,s
so t x [u ,lvUl id t rade union economic "01 '■* . fol ioo per

" 'Ir main tasks : <t\ An international ca,nt* ^ iUiildkvg

tr.i| r,tl'*' orgaisatton of our nu'"1 t!lt. trtidv unions,

h) (,n'nK» 'tuning ,,f the Y.C.I.. fractions n jt* (4) Tran>»*‘«»
lfn„ ’"l^'kn for international trade lini<.’ of cait«p>lls’"s

■sUS"* iT.>pnK»n.ia ... «>..•

' ttiul rutu ivtr work m th

VOTING COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

Thl$ liiikKl dew kb'd ugainnt thu creation «f yomh

lit llm lntrinatii*n.il Peasants* Council. hi addition tcT^hf'
ipir-ditm*, ihv M-ssHin di-alt with various practical qaiviicn
Wttrh Afttonglt dtihlrini opponent** and s|m.k
1 hr question of sport WOfkf the Enlarged Executive adopted
resolution in favour of the unity of the inter national wurkt, *
sport movement,

PLENUM OV THE U,C.( MARCH, 1926.

This >es>itm showed that the international Communitt u^ih
movement had already progressed Ittyond the lowest point h ju
dcvvlopmeni ( 10 - The most characteristic fact i f this Plrmij
Session was the cleui analysis ot the situation of the \mnc
w-mlters, and of i he developments whit h tesik place in the vtxjti
and in the various youth organisations.

Several new queMions were dealt with at that liror. (iji
FUicUUum in membership, (*) New rnethi»ds uf work* (3) Sirrv
sin>; of the necessity *>t working in the youth sections, where wxh
exist (this session was siiH based on the decision of the Semd
World Congress). (4) Creation of committees of action and urntef
front committees by organising young workers conferences,
Development of proletarian democracy inside the Leagues. (of
Strengthenmg the necessity of the co-ordination of kgft
illegal work in the countries of The* \\ hitc terror.

For the first lime h*r a lonir period, the discussiojft *
organisational tasks of the Leagues was nol limited to 1
question of organisation— factory group work. A series 0
organisational questions were thoroughly dealt with. •* • '
reorganisation was concerned, this session set the slogan
starting further developments and concluding
lifter the first defeats, giving time limits for this ivor
From our experiences were drawn as follows : (s) rework
v an only take place after factory groups already cxi>^ a ^

on work; (b) the reorganisation must not result in ' tfrtt

members; (e) it was recognised to be a mistake to COO M
groups as an evil.

In addition to the trade union question, various
t e c nldrcn s organisations were thoroughly discuss * * iN

Y C.1 L aVc^1! fer Uh- youngs unemployed. ^ ««#, *****
. ' ‘ r 1 “ ^%ast :md the tasks of our sport work. ^ , j:tfoo t°

to the young unemployed, the E.C. has put forth, »« .

lou,r,rlKltmS U'L‘ means *»y which actions for the u«J J { i
young workers in the various countries must bo cond*
series of demands for the young unemployed. , f ft*

llie 1 Me nary Se
minimum training.

ssii.n aUo adopted the program'111*

;l!>l (l'

' i USAKY ^BMBElM'fiC MaBB.

, T|Ul EX,. IsOV*'

1926.

1 JO

yii* *n

■ "y:;'..;:::!, m **'•**»' im",ng ** "*

-S -

. lB„ Youth }, , uoiot) was matte- Vnnou.

5V.i v «.i. .1.^"“';;' n»-

i«*w* have taken the iirst m i . this connection -t

-T,lwt» nr*T „!«.!<« which

«*" t>( mirtakw ro»M ‘ , prolll (i.. lie. (Cracho-

rarnudein ihcapphrution Ct the I u yo Those mistakes

•-a !« (. Bwlaaci.1 'law. i.y <•>.

Wrt mcMly "right mistakes. hut tiny . These

“ befc of experience of the leading cadres 1 '* * " | did

niiukt,. however, were only of a temporary rhar. ’
not develop anywhere into continuous ones. , r ijlo

Ihijb lUcitary Executive' laid flown in detad i u '* ’

.. I In* sphere of anti-milHartal propaganda, and pari .

Iwh ihomugh criticism was made of the mistakes ° l

^ C.L in this field, ^ 'inllst

lor the first time, the question of ihc effects C.k.

s i-k;i| ici-n on the young workers was dealt with. l*‘ q’he

■-PP-rti'tl the standpeint of the ( M. 0,1 this question. ^ _
of some comrades that, as a result c»l rationa is.j «
tin; ynnng workers in production bt comes tliWini *
^Wtd. 1

Thi- Plenary Executive discussed i*1 detail the 3’j^,"^itjcal

^'<>rk ,t{ our illegal 1. (agues. The creation «> st-,ied to

““sations in the countries of the White T error was

u w

k'le i

necessary.

to '’arty discipline. " But in those ' he coniin'rr" or

the other Party differs from the hoe ]>ou,„i by lU*~

****» ‘tie Y.C.L. cannot anil must not h , pilsudsky CO P

flA - . l\oV4 ul*-* t*

, -o YOl'NV. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

in Poland), remembering itml distipline towards the Comim*
t,inds stronger titan the discipline of the Party." ,n

The Enlarged Executive supported the attitude of tlw |»0ti l
l.t-agm- against all Uu- groupings and tendencies in the C.p.p'*
This session also laid down the concrete tasks of the Cliinc*
Korean and Japanese Leagues.

The question of organisation, and particularly the faciw
group work, was dealt with in a special item on the agenda. Thi
Plenary Executive also adopted detailed resolutions on the sy«tg
ot political training, work among the children, opponent work,
and adopted the org.misal ion statutes of the The tasks o!

tin- Y.C.L’-s in the winning over of young workers organised h
opponents’ organisations were discussetl particularly carefully.

PLENARY SESSION OF THE E.C., JUNE. PJ27.

lu tlie centre of dtseitssion *tt t his session were t^o irmn
questions : (i) Fight against Imperialist War; (a) Effects of Ra-
tionalisation and our Tasks in the Trade Unions. The session
came |0 decisions on all questions dealing with ann-militanst

work.* * „ { .

The Plenary Session decided to revise the old decision out*

Second Congress on work in the trade unions, Expcricmr ^
shown that for the mobilisation of the young workers m t it U-*
unions special organisational forms are necessary (youth reprts*
tatives, youth committees, youth sections). .

The session rejected the slogan Of raising the >< hou ■
put forward concrete demands in connection with the e ec
rationalisation. In addition to these two main questions* t * ^
nary session also dealt very thoroughly with the tas 's
Chinese, British and American Leagues. During t*1® ^

an Agrarian Commission was held, the decisions of w K
confirmed In the Presidium of the K,t\

PLENUM OP THE E.C.. FEHRUARV, l®28.

This session dealt with the following questions : l* J
f of the E.C. ; (a) Work of the Chinese Leagues; (.l) Tr“ ^
questions; (4) Organisational Tasks. The Plenum lu -j ^
ported the policy of the L.Y.C.L. of the Soviet *'n,®n
light against the npposition, and declared its conipltt* ,n|(ii'*
with 1 lie de, isonsof thcC.P.S.U. and thcCJ The perniam’ _ ^
of the S.V.I. was pointed out, and the tasks in eonm*' ^
the struggle against the Otto Hauerlike lentlcn*'*1’ „

- ''jtf**'

* For details see the pamphlet M Communist Youth *n'
by K. Schuller.

13*

..vary SESSIONS
lU' ' It was decided to carry on

?!£2ZF* «* US'Y* * jTS Si* <•« *>«■

***£.«, ou' ?J ' msi-rvi...'. and sailor.'

result*

Eta*'.

fkfium

r^h by die \ -UL. sj of t!ic present situation

Pic most import. in • • * - difference between the

^ V.C.L.’s was pomicd out to be dtc ^ the young

pt*mK political inllucme <• - . Qnlv two Leagues arc

,«kro ami the organisational strength, cm.w

roosuatly growing (Sweden and G**«*J- , t lhc splitters

rflVC. I1, in ,l,c iv«.™ Ukraine an.l on the .asks of .he \ X.L.

of tbe Western Ukraine. .... n( ,iie

A ver\ thorough discussion took place on t ic *tL > n|iasc
■■ League during the Wuhan period ami 0,1 * . _ VP,-* j,.

d revolution (illegal ity), and the main tasks of the 11 c

- f the next period were laid down*

The Plenum thoroughly dealt with the preparations (Jon*
:o;tb questions to he dealt with at the forthcoming* ou * ,r_Je
P*»«f the R.l.LJtJ* A* far as organisational forms '

- n youth work arc concerned, the Plenum came to - >utjt

conclusion that the organisational forms of tr.u e uni fac-
*** Ik* closely linked up with the younjr workers tn * ^

gl* The w W Union fnc.ory

for special conferences in the ifldlVtd * ^ rcvo-

. f. up youth commissions and youth commit u. scc-

; ^ri.try form of youth work in trade unions flpj erroneous.

^ \ is simply a reactionary form of this v or'' * sCCtion and
^ m> essential difference between^ such a y* e a mass
ofutionary youth commission which h®^ . ^ 0f f he youth

2*' Tlle proposals l<* SCt up special tr;u e uni _ w>rkrrs into
Z W It is our task to draw ^ into the

tl'sl'nfT trade unions* Apprentices nui
*2le fhninK strikes* . the

''tawry Sudan al .he e C- "/“ Lw »n.l
,*Jj ln.cmn.ionn. OrK..ni,n.ion.l Cjfc"
rf rf,*oUition fur the npplictl11011 , *«

u.’V *• --». »Un .IO. U..-.I .o «»

"K aK.n,l„ („r mi mi', nnd «■> ""

Central European Conference of theY*Cl

\i a time when the suppression. of Spanish and Krt-m-h '
peri ul ism in Mouhio led to a revolt of the Nhirou.in nil^
against iiupeu.ilis* oppression ; when inieivenlum in Chiiu ^
InVing fi verFhly conducted; aiul when the dimmer of a uf t^.
imperialist powers against the Soviet l imin was vm nmu, \}.
V.(\L e tilled a miHnm *■ * h I the t’mlial Ktaroptun League* Li
Merlin (June, in order to discuss tin- concrc'e (picstiofu* a^l

pinks o! the individual V.C.l/s, in their struggle against ini*
pciiulist wait*

The follow in £ Leagues weie represented at this <. 'on ft? met :
Cicrnuuty* fireal Britain, Fiance, Soviet I'nitm, Czecho-Skn.tkh*

I Ti,ly* Austria, Switzerland, Holland, Poland, Balkan FoSer.it**>
ninl Scandinavian Federation. I he most important ductimrnt *-f
this Con feretire was the resolution mt the tasks ol the \ .t -1. *'
connection with the danger of a new war, 1 he war In Nlorui ye,
in* erven t ion in China, anil the campaigns against the Sovri
UniOtt were Mated to be the beginning of a new era of intpcnifist
war. I"* or everv League concrete tasks, in the sense of 1 °^n 1
application of the well-known instructions ut Lenin u> !h
delegation, were laid down. (i) Mass actions of young jvmr
ami peasants against the war danger (meetings. * ommittec ^
action, protest strikes, demonstrations, I raterni/aiion " ll ^ ^

to tk

tnKips, united front), [:) \ otmg workers delegation ^

Soviet rnion. (j) Work among the Colonial cxpedit .otia^
and navies, (4) Immediate close eonneetH*os ,%l 1,1 n ^
Great Britain with the revolutionary youth of * J ■ * ^ j

K^ypt ; of the Y.C.I* of France with the revolutionary ^

Tunis, Morocco ami Algiers; of the \ ALL ol 1 - ^ 'k'aiflu*1# ^
revolutionary youth of the Dutch colonies* 15) ^ °r \ unini;
iolottial s*. title ills and workers. (6) Particular >tru\C _ _p,

our work among the soldiers and sailors, V/J K.-oaflW'

menoemctit of energetic work among the young ^ C**1'
(S) Preparations for illegal activity in case ^
fercnce adopted special resolutions on the events . ^'n »**■

tasks of the French V.t'.L. in connection with the ,<^a^on tff 1
A rtsolutM^i was also accepted dealing with thy app u ^ ^iC {&.
ignited Front tactics and pointing out the mistu
v idual Leagues and their tasks.

4 , ^unFKR^ncK 133

. I...KI »n ln.en».i-»l Tr,,t,

T* C"n,er^t (o ,„| r0ni-rei« rcH0lut»^« «"

thi> CW«'<-*-,uc H' ’n |.r;, net*; 1-) <3

1,1 A* the 1.;1,k'1.1 (ll) Czechoslovakia j t~) <irt ll

International Organisational Conference

The International Organisational Conference, Ilcrlin i„ t
:ir\ , IC).'.S. dealt Willi the following three question*. very tliomughh
in addition to receiving reports from the individual League
the organisational situation : (») <Jue>t ions of lacmry group w«rt:-
(j) I' luct nation in membership; (.;) Calling of Organisational
Conferences.

FACTORY GROUP WORK.

The Organisational Conference considered the most imp..:-
tant mistakes in the fsietory group work to be as follows:—

1. No eonerete tasks are being given to the factory groups.

2. The factory* groups, which consist mostly of young mcm-
bers. lack leadership in the nuclei as well as on the part of the
sub-district and district committees.

r The inner life of the factory groups is wry unsatisfactory.

'}. Insufficient adoption of the polit y of winning large-scale
factories has had bad effects on the activity of the nuclei.

^ Incapability of most factory groups to adapt themselves
to illegal work in the struggle against the employers’ Terror.

6. No support by the Party factory groups.

7. Weak political activity of the factory groups.

Successes in the factory group work were noticeable <lnr*r»g

the last few months only in Germany and some ilh ga conn n -
In all other Leagues there is either stagnation or a t:i u>C
this sphere of work. .

The Organisational Conference laid down JjSJ

points its central lines for the work of the Leagues ■
of the organisational position of the Leagues; review*
takes and weaknesses and Utilisation off favourab l
the work of the factory groups; policy of winning ’ —v 0f the
in the most Important factories through the practa a ^ if*
League; setting up of new factory groups and h^enink' ^
existing ones to be our present chief task and the m°
pari of rthe work of reorganisation. , , pU* ki

Starting from tins line, tlu* Organisational TJ*

the forefront the character of our factory ^rmip %v of otJf
activity of the factory groups depends upon the sit"*1
work in the following spheres :

1. Recruiting activity of the factory groups.^ *ruggk* ^

2. Role of the fat ■tory groups in the f^ouoi|n<
the young workers.

3* Illegal methods of work in the factory Kr<nl!J'

135

\ VISA 1

°Rt ' ^ factory groups- who]e organisation.

. ,r life 0{ 1,1 irroup \VOi*k by instructions were

: win help ">■=

11 (br>e * 1 ;#ina I f tilth rt . _i pvijcnCri^ 1 1

f1 , bv thv w utilise the 111tcrn.il increase

z»$ ««■ t»,lor>' Kr"U|" :7V contacts in the factories
' .• ft.i tofv groups n> . , ration

aws . f factory groups ny ^ ■ * " ,.„ncentration

Ciwnn" of wci< > h n r initiatives or concern

tbmugh the aci,v,,>' "’ (lf newly** won members),
groups (factory Rro 1 ■ ,)r members working

i- Unkioff up of diosc organized in street groups
fcu.rks. tvho have -;n • £ * (factory group consist-

or local groups* Into a factory g i

'*S in the main of old mem jers). and creation

3 L'lilisation of the po«t«« assistance of, the
of youth factory groups by, or with

Party factory groups. . |,cafTUes.

Ml these three possibilities were ut ills

FLUCTUATION.

The fluctuation of membership is very marked in ‘ ^ |jUt
■ irany Leagues there is not only a fluctuation o ‘ . n i (_'on-

ftisciuai ion of local orgsirti sat ions. the U g* , fluctua-

-*** considered the following to be the main causes <

*** * etnods
(a) The system of old territorial organisations, me

wd contents of work and their composition. -cidental,

(III Recruiting activity of our Leagues is <>n > ^ been

’ 1 systematic and planned. I he nwmbers „ .tjCSt -md

v,»a lieeomc passive, as a rule, after the firs ‘ LcagUe.

' l,rRC number of such members are lost **’ . J„tirelv ua-

.(c) The inner life of our organisations Q'f our

**!ufa«ory in most eases. The form am vOUng workers.

%‘0Ht do not satisfy the varied interests ot tm ;s very

I'M I'hc form of treatment ot politic a^ ..,orHcrs.

, f,tn am adapted to the level of ihe >’ov,n.*' weaknesses m
(**) The existence of big or gani sat .

a,. . I t ■ [11 It

0llr wpmsntidns, * Irciltetl :i11

fO The new member* not 50 of

Sf’ttMy. aectdccl ^

■ *. ll‘ f>rKsiuiH*ition?il Confcrc|^J >p h0>p *,lir
Hu* application of

4j trained

ij6 ViU NV. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

4 1 K* h I i - ? i ;i It itiOM4 i v id thn tuition vdtii h dcpnu \ ,*n
dimmish the volume of llucluaimn. In the ftr^t place |Lg^L **
urul gene nil nniM*& t»| il urination imisi be abolished* jflf ^
coiinlrv in « ven single organisation. Organiser* muM | tuT
to lliosr parts where ilm Uuitiim is most marked In
groups and organisations great attention must be ghtti \u h
new members* The recruiting activity must be carried w\
Systematic fashion and must be directed, in ihr first
towards winning over the young workers in the most important
far lories. The casual element in recruiting work must be avoids!
The forms and methods of our recruiting activity must a bo \K
Considerably impr overt.

h is quite clear that vat ions objective difficulties are the mo^
important causes of fluctuation, The question of flurttititioo
cannot, and must not, be regarded in an isolated fashion; this
question is only part of our general work* On the position of
mu general work depends to a great extent tile volume of Ductus
lion. Where our work is good, fluctuation only small. There*
ftirc the best method to decrease ihtet nation lies in I lie general
improvement of the work of our Leagues.

O R (i A N 1 SATI O N A L CONFl: H I: N C ES*

The discussions laid down that organisational conferences
situ* as the most important means for reviving1 our organisational
work, for overcoming weaknesses, for utilising group experience*
and ft>r carrying through our policy of becoming rooted organi-
sationally in large-scale factories. The Organisational Confcrm^c
hail adopted detailed decisions on how tit organise organisational
conferences and the particular kin<l of questions which should b
dealt with* etc.

1 he most important Characteristics of the organisation^
situation <»f the \*(.L can be summarised after the QrgAfli-**
tional Conference, which was attended by the organisation*
s»t i claries <>f the biggest Leagues, in the following points i

(l) 1 here is a stagnation in the whole Internal ion*” ui ^
respect to membership: (2) In the field of factory group
tluae is, as a rule, stagnation and onlv exceptional c,l*c> JL
upward development; (3) The organisational work of ‘
.eague is weak ; it does not stand in the centre of ■ul,v*'rt!
actions of the League are conducted without linking 1

iin iL'if), V4>

up with organisational tasks ; (,}) Most Leagues arc m‘«

sufficiently well organised : i

; U) Most 1-canoes

in all Leagues there ajT ^

nasstvf* An * mfitioOS .

m.in^ passim c nu*ml>ors and passive organisations l (51 . .
district committees are very weak, have often a very £
level, and show very little initiative: f6) The small Lea«»>‘ •
like Switzerland, Belgium, Holland, Denmark and l*or*«li- ’

..c vTION confbrbncb

oi;ANI^ 1 _ ;n(iivHtlinl

i.l7

^,w k am'*'"’-" ltw*r *°,c

,,vl v<msc<,ue.ulv nvK\ '

?’(K) Many t-HinpiuK'^ ,,,t
th* 'n'JU . of the Li'tone- M « »■* [j >h ln ,he. last I’lctiai y

were ihorougMy^M .rh( of the

n““ i,. (Februftr>, > >M( ,, ...lulion» which

■ r th*

' 1 aimI Uv the last l unal> . uv overcome.

,f"wh?h thc etciatinu ^'-'‘ "’"'^coXrence dealt with the

”5 lernMitmal °rKan.^tional^nf aUhough no direct

***** participated and has resulted

The Y.C.I. and the International

Youth Day

The growing clangers of imperialist war and n,
lions for war against the Soviet Union, the increased i prtpi^
of the Colonics ami the attacks against the workine-cla^**1?
the International Youth Days* which were held every Voiron***
lirsi Sunday of September, mighty mass denionstrmiotw ,,( !■"
young workers of the whole world.

In 1924 the young workers in Germany clcmonstratcd, fortk
first time since the illegality of the Y.C.L. of Germany had btm

lifted, on a large scale, under the banner of the Y.C.L. In Kraivc
a demonstration of one hundred thousand workers look pi*?,
about half of whom were young workers- In America the yotm;
workers demonstrated against the Chauvinist ** Defence "
organised by the imperialists* which was to lake place en the ufn
of September, and exposed the character of die CM.T.C. in
Great I Britain die den must rat ions were of particular
political importance, as they took place during die period of tb
MacDonald Government, The young workers rallied under the
slogans of the Y,C. L,f *. B, against war preparations by the Labour
Government, the building of cruisers, air ships anti tanks fb
continuation of the imperialist policy of the MacDonald tan em-
inent was the main issue of the demonstration*

In 1925 the first waves of the Chinese Revolution ^

break against the imperialists. The brutal shooting of u0*
in Canton and Shanghai developed a widespread inass nunU
of the workers. In Southern China, for the first time, fh n
tions of young workers took place on International ^ 011M -c
to which thousands of young workers and students r*V \ * fa
series of capitalist countries, particularly in Great
demonstrations were Judd under the slogans of ‘ ^

China. r I he increasing war preparations by the ,ri , jv.i^
Government were met by the slogan of 11 Interna*^1 ^
Union l nity. 11 The young workers of F ranee rail11* |r -rj"4-o>
demonstrations against the war on Morocco and Syria* ^
thousands of young workers attended the11 forty-tttti
organised. Leaflets were thrown from at‘ropl*II1lfi. ^
slogans of struggle against the war on the CwOlW fjcfttf*1'
Many arrests took place. The young workers 111 th*

strafed against the militarisation of the youth *ltv mto
tatet system in large mretings held in Montreal* ^

other cities. Jn Germany the youth demonstrated

tSTBRSATIONAI

youth day

& umlL-r the banner of the CI *

M*e*iiwos- f , 2g was celebrated during

The lawniational^y* ?*yGr^t firttairt the Miners- Strike

1 * 1 t ^ . 1 . . - 111 mill'll ifi*'’"^*** ” *

.period Of s,r;^';;mv months thousands of younp m.ners

bti%’ ,m,|: 1 • fii'htinp heroically against starvation an<

W therefore, were concentrated

P*“ f 2 miners' strUK^Ie and on the figH against the
-:Tf; u ’ nu. .. Hands Off China” movement was

irfarniisl s‘ t _ In France 10,000 workers, a

•vy.t«d ihroutfhout the country, in l ram t 4°.^ .

K y»nK " orkers. ,k„K>n«r».cd « of **“

Suite and against mtervenUon m C-h na. A

vtn important fact w;ts the participation of soldiers .

Tcanstratians. In Germany big demonstrations were

U where a banner ol the L.t .C.L. of the So^y t m ‘ ‘

fWcnttd; in Hamburg 20,000 young workers part 11. ipatL t ^

i* pa lien, in spite of prohibition by the president <’ P° l.1 ’

Mt>*vn a iiliKxlv struggle with the Fascists broke out, c unn^

‘ 1 di some of iht* young workers were wounclcd. ^ ^

v fans of the Youth l>ay were: Against imperialist war,

for the Soviet Union, for youth protection, uni mp oymen

*' T shortening of hours, etc. : in Berlin a demonstration nu

^nS 20,000 took place, 6,000 of whom were young wot crSm *

demonstrations were organised on a district sea v *

in Ztiffetihausscn for Wurttemberg, Mindeu lor

2*??- V *1 11 demonstrations collections were taken u p _

I??* «* the striking British miners. In C^ech^ov^
.ft"*1 Workers demonstrated (a large part of whom inport
g ^ m mighty mass demonstrations, Kvcryw u . t . ^ cro^i
; lHc striking miners ill Great Britain was put to tht* * - , fw

y t,vl t - n;iris

week later in ** . ^ whi(

I l a ■ I I III II H

Mo YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

preparation*, and h*r youth ilnn;miU, The v* |

Utucd a slogan of Intensive struggle against llu* nuti* * 4n4(b
the youth ill acluMilf*, and propagated a series of yaui^r|plltln ^
Our Smith African League published a manifesto
workers, railing on ihi-m to light against imperialist u
again si I lu* miserable condition* 4 if lain air of the while andht*^
young workers. In Poland an illegal clennmstralion uf \ ^
workers was held in W arsaw, attended hy over 1,500 votin'
adult workers. This demonstration was broken up by ,

police, mans young workers being wounded* The \X \
Bulgaria, which, Sifter the events in Spring, 11)25, hod rebuilt it%
orgAimnltim, concentrated all its forces for the International
V ouch Day celebration* Mngc-scate arrests by the Gowmiticin
weic carried out before and during Vouch Day, In South
America -1,500 young and adul* worker* cleinuttsinited in the
sheets of Buenos Aires, Young Social-Democrats ami Lhmtum
participated in the Youth Day demonstration in Belgium, The
League won several new members. Mighty demonstration* of
young workers were held in China, supported by 'he students.
Hie youth tn C anton, Shanghai, Hankow, and C hang-Cha rail i»i!
under the banner of the Chinese Revolution against Imperialist
intervention.

'Vile demonstrations on liiternalkmtd Youth Day in 1917 took
OH n definite mass character. The Y.C. L celebrated the twentieth
anniversary of the First International Socialist Youth Confercm.*.
5,000 young workers had come together in Stuttgart, Gcrm-anj**n
order to participate in the celebrations. The police had forbu
* he foreign delegates to address the C onference, made raids <>n iw
Houses of known i ommumst$t and took away dmumcttis rw
the foreign delegates. They could not, however, stop
delegates from many countries delivering written
greetings to a mass meeting % 13 delegates from C /echo--
; from Austria, \ from Switzerland, ; from France (niu n _
Left 11 Social-Democrat) , a from Great Britain, t frv>ni
\ from Norway, 1 from Sweden and 1 delegate from the ^fclcd
4>f the Soviet Union were present. The voting workers ^

gave a hearty ovation to the " Old Guard/’
great enthusiasm, tomrude Willie Munzcnbcrg presented a _ ^ j
to the youth in the name of the Central Committee of the _ V,
(ivrmany. Hie spokesman of the youth made a
under the banner to fight untiredly bir Revolution- ln a
countries demonstrations in celebration of the M^rV' Cotn-
\outh Day were held, under the banner of the V oun^fk>pAl
munist Internal tonal, against the Socialist Youth lntcl^‘ frlid
w hich tong ago had betrayed the traditions of the First 1 y \.
Voudi International. 1 he count er-demonst ration of t

.„svnONAI- YOUTH 1>AY •«>

U*TbRNA of wur dl.,uoO»t ration.

rt VB, on»> »>>*““ nle<l the foreign cldcg.*^

or course, not pr ' ^ ,lUc. l’runcc, in

s.-i.'11'1 l,,nM S'M the (U'lnonsIrnlUHtr. «‘«*h

»*?*% all palW«J, civil .ml

Jitf vmlrr

^'"rlnnSv for all l»olila«l. ‘ ivjl W*

slogan AnM - , workers mnrrlirtl m

... Ureal masses ol St. rhmls,

j’nn/ AUs, IfortlMU* ami Si. Dtfh

Stoc.', Ma«ei,tes* Sl; Vet ' l'» iwW*'""'* 'H <h‘""’"s,,i,,,,'n*
Ln * tonner »•*’ * ‘ . on n district m;iI«*. _ !*» GrMt

t,lU > 1 ,mur of I la* Y.t - I • VI * sc.i|t. In (irr-at

! m r — o.^..nis.,l OH B di*lwl m . < ■

Britain t*1 > , f , ntrmi„Kh«m, Newcastle and

d ua*-- it representative of the French

11 " 1, u,nst ration. Many members of the

V.U addressed ]JjV . u.,, ' in* „ur d.-monst ration. wA«r o«*r

CuiWs of 'o»'h l’""‘ 1 ’ . . .rrL.nch V.C.L. was arrested

slogans. A representative of demonstration and later

Uf-rr the eommenecncnt of th. (U.moI1stra.

i.. »**

lion of over <>oo vount? workers was n* i m itionid

the fir^i denH>nM ration of the Bel|jmm U-aK''*' ®n oreanisa-
roab Ifav ,V>, h.ld ouxloors. Th. S-.-.i.I.si Youth orgaotM

catrinl emptugn gainst the strata .Ms of *

VXM.. nml organise*! :t counter demons! j at 1011 m * niv

how ru-r, in spill’ of tlurir big propaganda, was fit ®

hf iio young workers* lit Norway, demonstrations w < r* _

Oslo and other cities. In South America the Y or or* "

Fwltr ration actively supported the dcnionst ration o our

A particular place *>f honour must be reserved to the ^

°* h-dy, which, i„ spit, of the . v.r^rmv,..K J r •> ; Voo„,

' A*ns raised the banner t>f Communism on _ ' held in

I V . _ <■ m ■- a. m J. - l®1 - jk 1 . 1 M 1‘ "W f til ##*■

w**>s Tiiisud flic banner of Communism <m I>^crn^ w* held J*1
*>• Whilst the demonstrations of «y24 eoutd sin ^nwnstra.
' "l MTiii-li-trulit v. when factory meetings *'n{_,in(.usely by
«"» were s, ill possible, the dinieultica hat! grown ^ the

’»■ In spit,- of this, 10,000 leaflets fln<l 30,P°° ' rc dropped
■^Sjs'Ue’s p.'ipcr were distributed. In I’o)-», ‘ ‘l 1 , r., ted in front

,'tfrj nib..,., i V i rb.aa workers Clt

paper were distributed- In leaf c - /ront

^ acrophmt-s. In Milan young workers de^°VTc<|* to organise
Arracks. By 192G the League had been wcrc eon-

’k' fl meetings outside the cities- These m n ( a youth

. s. . . for the sena,nfc- Inter-

Kil1 meetings outside ihc Cities* IIu>t Jncling of a youth
Mw) under the slogans of election* for the - * ;ifIt.r Inter-

kgation to the Soviet Union, which c t jtjnjr British n1,n* *

ittorcil V 1 % rv,ii*vr»itans for the sl ^ ? ^ircainstsncts

^ outli 1 >;t v. Collections oLut t,r

lb. 1 -L 11127 took P1 lirLMl'l^

Vomh Day. Ofc.iW I™

’aki-a The mcelings »« *9-^, ct|ntf* ""VJJ; „f the

complete illegality. 5« suc” , ,^ts and ■«>000 L f
1( l-«a«rue distributed ao.ooo Ic.dlc -

MS YOUNV, COMMUNIST INTKUNATIONai

” \ villi)* nil ill Kvfrjfwlirrt- the Uvontuth ahniviis;,, v

First S«>.i.ilisl Youth lnhrn.il iim.i] wits t'elchrntcil. | , (*,c

iill suppression, in spile of torture ant) numk-r, t|u. v, #l
lliul Ol JUiI) rallied uiiilri ihr haiiim y l

Italy anil the V.C.I. foi ilu* struck- against l1' a seism af„|tk!
war danger. nc

-a

The

IiyNAMICS OF MHMBBRSIIIP OF THE V.C.I.

, "lK ASI» ITS SUCTIONS.

which Have Rendered Reports.

I i*

i ,!< it Lt

» 1 ■

I/rrh

S *lh \in- r El -lit
t ,n ^!mM

M,ic i li

24*735

55°

U .CJCMt

4,tifM» ?
\ir*

m-9

400
f am

%t ;ir *’ li NoV'-at*

NoO

jo.Ip |/

KM**1

i*75-'

I ^00**" * il*JJS

1,200 1*000

1*0^5

£«**
( ,IKX>

SlHl

57--i*7

1 , 7 * -
$oo
1*000

J ti(U*

1 * t J 7 *

10*000
1 *300

i 1,317

i,OOf)
1,000
I* 100
1 kooo

t * iiM>

1917,

10,500* 10,5©* 1

i.jgot <*40°

j^.otx’iS *4-5®°

+ *3*000

i*OS® *‘*Ko

i.ooo
850
i ,300

l,©**©

t,ioo

1 *300

, r hF 1 PHII TTa —

67/, 53 ^7 50-*3r* *'■“$ f,S’437

PKuttSVSa,: u. .He inrnib«r*4dp cants g^'iS

{ fluctuation, Mnnbtfiihiit enrds soli in l*r»nce m 1924

1“ ! + TI 111 -t #* 1, ♦* I i Ft i ** » *

l:l Wli 41 1 IT I 1 ! 1 T a 1 ■ H « I I ^ I + I | * ' ^ ■

^4:011*116. 15,3*17: 19*7, t5*4™3'

I (kt<4*T. i'i-7^

£ tVbniiif), itjrjH.

* I Vmitily > 1

^ ^ I I 1 - J r I ml* u,i . , - I ■..*, a j. "1 ■ A V 6 I

| - ^ VI 1

!<jje4 were 1 1*^76 ;

,% 1 nr Lf.» 1

4* In all Cii-s-H tthriv mi fi^un - U*t the cyrn ^t J. ** «rc

iiVn iW Lift lipin* The query mark* ll^ur

i'dhfful.

i -utxful .

1 1* Small

Leagues Which Have Not

Some Time.

Reported in Detail for

I." Ijju*

l)«!ch -

If Mp

r^iuw

[:U|rnil,ufji

Alripili

iVniifte
l"ru j •■•

M;irch

t92S*

t*o

£00

*N»

3°

lfW>

y*y

St HI

JOO

1 JO

March
t <*26.
35°

150

450

Novell!.

1 916.

35°

176

15°

S°°

300

(fOO

;oo

June

i*iJ7-

400

150

*5°

fxX>

Kntl of
1 JO

*5°

J°

i.jon

4u<i

/DO

J<x>

*73

7°

1 !

MiJdle of

iojS.

1 jo

150

J5°

I .

400

3cx>

JOO

S.OJO

4^375

j, too

* 1 1

YOUNt; COMMUNIST INTlCRNATlON M

UK Illegal Leagues,

(Thr following 17 l^ngui-h ^ Chin**', Polish, It.dian, Jugo-SWi m 11
Kouimminn, Lettish* I .ithti:mhtit. Finnish, EMhonhm* V \h . ‘

1 1 uiig.o i.iii, Japan* Korean, Persian ami i'ur kish, /

March Maren .Novnn, jlm,. 1- t , „

HUS- Middle

. .U’.ss-' 59316 •»*

Organisations * *f ill*' l lain* ■m? V.CM,.s in Soviet T'Trilurirs * * ^7^7

^■orio

March Novtin,

54.

IV. Legal Political Organisations of the Illegal I.cagues and

S\ inpathetic Organisations.

Or^imiiuilioin

Mai cli

March

N 1 ivt'iii*

J IIIB'

h'nd of

MiiHI- 1 E

Ot gjini^rtt ii>n.

1**25,

1 1|2(».

1927,

1*127.

»9*&

1 ■ Julian

1 5 ,Oi« *

20.000

20,000*

2- 1,01 XI f

2 1 ,oSt

2, 1 oung Anii-

Fnscist liuAriK.

France

2,<HK>

2*000

2,0fX>

2,C*>0

J.IO0

3. kinl Guards,

Austria

4, Red Guiirds,

—

- —

450

Grew

— -

•

8t«

5. Legal Organki*
lions in various

count rics

6- Korean Student

1 2tO<K»

I _\i»c»0

t 2,000*

7,200*

9.7.17

Ceagut

j 1,0.10

3J.OOO

7. OuUt Mon^iliu

S. 1 nflfT Nli »1 i ii

4,000

*|,0OO

4.000

7,000

7i«»

—

1 ,000

f,i>»

9. 1 ;ma I uva

— ■

—

■B

1.500

t*50>

30,0i>u

38,000

37<Joo

67,068

67,o6S

+ Ocllllxr,

Estimated,

Hie \ *C*K Outside the Soviet Union*

(•ruiip of Leagues. March March \Wm.

1- Hin 1 .* *iiil '9JS’

Leagues 6t f/ti r-r . .

^ ?0,f> S7'**' 59**3*

a r 4.375 1.W1

Jurm

«W*

59*236

-V Illegal i;.aKu. s ,2^ ' ?7f’

^ 5° 2^75/ 3?.6jO 54,31*=

94*8j2 ^*549 93,842 117,621

6t , 205

2, UK)

54*3 16

94*»3*

Kiul of

«9S-* . '**

69.15-'

f,S*4.» j;,

JS.WM

.■0.670 ^5-*’* ^

HMJ1

increased rjl,.p- ' [ ulgana It.'ivc lost over 28,000 member*

l-«gu« have ovtr * ar*d tronvi,!on into ilh-gality. Mean*

fc J C won over J.oo o new members.

95, 200* **** J

^ ■»_r »■ ip — — v ■-

I Eiis drop is only Caus*-*l hv ,.1,: - *r( v C' I * of t

InSLidtS^'" an‘\ 1,U,garii* l,-"c InM over ,K.ooo member* »* »
m treated rwciH.ti, r . 1 1 r s ^ vrir, ... **-—kwrhVto tN ”

1MGUKES

,. .. . including <hc Soviet Union
The V-4"’*’

*45

wit**
s,U- iaiv r 1

the V ■

in the *e _ t t*7 tit 1 (IC.tOO

!*•*» Mf ,.,831 88,549 M**0 5

, V 4 * - ■ . ic.000

' ata***?1* _ — — — *’

Kov itrniorie»

y\.C. I. i". not. ,,<MO..o7 ..-^4.3.9 i030,000 i.ojo.ooo

y l"1"" (j„n. ,9,6)

7^7* 1.7**765* a.«s8.'6» a',aS*ao° 3,1 57,233

siStpjtK^tic ^ ^7,2fK> 67.068 67,068

‘ organist K>n& 30,000 a8*000 3I'>°fX'

Social Composition of Some Leagues.

Gmu^ny

' ■ ■=: ilrit:iin

LmLi

Owhc-siirt-.'ikiii

Xoiwav

. f ^ AiiKrit:i

^ -

-5.S

•

V
# »»

r* *
1* *r>

= ■r-

■ V V

c *

■P

Sfl
lU
V
r 22

= O

_1- V.

" ^3 «>

i_~ , ”

-^r LLg

^ 5

£ 5

7. u.

3 3

•=i

_» 1
% ^

7 -
n 5

21:

i. w

5 "3
— c
'*♦

“

<Kl

1 1
20

1 "T

3 1 *

1 /

J4t

-A

»5**

- —

20+ 1

hiluding wason:i| workers,

. , lIu<j!n*! unemployed.

I. r," , tn£ pcasam youth,
ft 1 t W ««deou.

u^nfi young shop assistants.

Percentage of Membership Organised in Factory Oroup>

(Beginning of 192$).

•j-rruany ...
I'rancr

</rch,k.s|,.vj.Ma

Vr'al Hritiiin
Uftly

i'oland

v,,r,b America

’ 'ffTCC

®*lgiuni !"

r^nmark ...

7*6i

t o.S

Irt.o

JO to ^
J q to 30
’ 0.76
6.0
27-0
o-J5
0.33

I y. Viil'M; OIMMIMST I \TER\ATlONAl

^ Sl.|\ ll|

1 iithind
Lulvid
i .iihiMitm

\ i ■ L M , I V

jO.fl

<»,n

b.ij

Numbers ol l:uctor> (iroups nt l lie Ik- ginning nt I U28, |<

Chinn .iml the Soviet I'iiiwn.

vcluding

MnMti i'l >»,n n*.**

M *m * It, i * * * 5

I if a l> * • > •■■

M in *

J;iniiiiiyt MiiS - .

'"S I.H txt>

*■•'■** ••

**s ..

l,5*>

Kri’UfH

Trade I’nioii * Organisation at l:iul of 11127*

IVf i « m,

( f ff Ilf *1 li V' ««-• 4 4- ■* » > ** * *** r»v *aa JjCkJj.

t r;tf|i ^ . . *«» »*« *«* *" •“ ■ - *

<*• •>. -»* *** *»* •»* tjn.O

"S WL i-*|t II « s A 44 4 ■ *■'*' **ir * ■ 55 *

l K€dto*S l<fv ttkui **■* *♦* ■■■ — ***

*** 444 44* »*» *4* tM * ■*

\* .i ih Annricii 44i - * ■ *** *-i **• jo.o

i irm’r *** *** **■ *** *•* •** fto*#

AU^trirt 4.. .44 ,4* *»* 4*« **► *■' *‘‘0-0

iVLiu.l 4M #** .** *•* -** ,41

•■* *— **■ "• ***

* I >iiiiiii1 * at** < >t ■ I u* irjhirlH of t«i Acft^liUK w <[!,'!' r*P* ‘

%‘tilv |< » (i> j^i |ii<i nl itf lit*1 inrniWr^hip til tin*' Hiliish ,,rr

in u.nli' unit'll'*.

7n, ci

S(» </»

I ft* l*r* ** **f On 1C I h if* i aplkilM C- i’Uhilrlv -

■S

£ 5

'r J M (N, L'.
O S^ *-»

^ n

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88 8!
C Ift Vft _
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SSSS

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ft X-

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rt'^c>

8 S 8

ir. ‘ft ‘ft

li.

8 S 8

Lfti

I 8 8

tef, U-i

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8 8

*•

I 1 8

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i i ■

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rt

C £ c

- — E
— c v;

J ra. CXl

c. x vs

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fc» *■ »-

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£ X£ h-

;- C X'

Mi » pm

t* tea-

3 s ^

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§ * u g a
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a x > ^ ^ 5

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t t S
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j£ 3t ^ 3

|: S s

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£ C V £

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S . £ £ A

t E «X

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3®

**" YO"N,: COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA,

REMARKS TO THE TABLES.

In lh« tables Kmng details of the Prcss of lW V( ,

,lu* capitalist count ms, some Organs are mdiut. V.C.Ls in
I'wW'calion because of the Uivernnu,,, i,.r** Whl? ,Wv'
lion io tlu- paper* mcniioticd, wt- have a aeries „f°r‘ 1,1 aAl<*

various cities in illegal Leagues, ami r.l^,

p.tpt-t K published by i hi- various tor\ groups.

Srvcr-’> »rKans have in il„* peril kI under review l
rhnnKe«l from fortnightly into monthly papers (Franc*
Slovakia, (.real Britain, tircecu). On the ot|lcr , ‘ . *"**
W**, »#. for instance, the American, German ami NW«S
liavc In i ii changed back from monthly imo fortnightly * *
In I he period between the Fourth anti Fifth World Coagrtu
the t luiriti ter of our youth papers has undergone a complete
change* In the first place all organs have changed from tbt
small quurio to newspaper sl/e* according to the Russian
example* Ibis transformation indicates the attempts of our
Leagues t«> make the youth papers real mass organs, llic coa*
tents have also been improved* l hr papers are not only filled
with political material, but contain also entertainment and educa-
tional material, questions of theory ami practice, etc*

In spite ol the fact that the contents of our papers have lift*
proved, there is still much room for better meat. I he youth

papers have adapted themselves to young workers in size ami
contents, hut the circulation docs not yet correspond to the nceth
and possibilities* Only very few papers have a larger circulation
than their membership figures*

•VI most all League papers contain letters from young worko
correspondents. The young worker correspondent s, however, are
mil linked up and closely connected with the editorial boards* vlJ'
the exception of the Greek and partly the Czechish League ^
some Leagues we have only a small number of correspom e
\vln» are corresponding regularly’ and almost no non-party
workers correspondents* h is a great weakness that only a
Leagues possess their own functionary organ, and that the * ^
national paper “ International of Youth ’* has only* a very
Circulation* .

In the capitalist countries 5a to 60 papers in 40 langu.^
are published in all, with a circulation of 200,000 copies, :i
journals wth a circulation of 20,000 copies* <eric4

On the basts ot the present situation of our Press, ^ ^.4>llth
of tasks arise for the future work of she Leagues. v“\' ltui
Press must become in contents and circulation n <lccl^;n ihc
guiding factor in the life of the young workers, not only ^
political, but also in economic and cultural question*- ^ iVlXr
prerequisites for this are : ( t ) Improvement of the contents 1

lN i"it u T kks

■ t<(lUctMuu,laWnmnt«ndcul.«.r«l

^ go be 1 eor respondent s* Pll1lli U

jnt»r t *PiU . nn army vnirntr wnrkei

1 itiil(h«K UP. ^«nondcntft< 1 he young

U W lwv *^fl,S5 u» m conference* W»d

KjJ5„,s nuisl be > j jni.j i«gflhcr in rorresp.m-

#*r Iri Widespread propagan ^ particularly

% „ i'v of df8ir.bu iwn orjrimistiiion** <4> Con.tnnl

ou,R,tlf f rtriranisntfon of Preaa campaigns* im-
^u» Oor new SS^apparatua and flnuM reatoratwn

S'™**1 T " i , ir, iik.i itm »f OUI youth P««-

Si^^iSKS »< whSh are in R«-«" and
SX‘LVin vSEus Olhcr national tangcagtf.

■nu- League ha* the* Cent'r^ CommU tee with

„,iral organs. Joint journal* Ot Russian sis. local

other organisations four* local journal*

uurrtak in national languages eight* ^

In the jxrio.l Ijctwecn the Seventh aiul hiyhiti
t( (hr I..V.CM.. of S.U. sixteen new papers were established.

dtvtn of these in Russian and five in national lan^uaffe. .

The whole circulation of the youth papers (without
•a* at the time of the Eighth Congress 400,000. 1 Here »r

papers*

International Children's Movement (Organisational

* XS-K., I’lqtinrn

r (kl* rhilflren

'^nv tCwmm- Schools)...
5*«t «ril;.in

r-3'>^

^ it.iin

nrnAxli

jNid

■IttMrK

iV**

K^Ws!,!V;iki;(-
c^*?st * -

.. 1,860,000

„ 360,*™

5-S°°

„ 14*000

lift

V ■ ar1

J.isoo

100

" J.s**’

3°°

... a.5*»

<5°

■ P •*

■ * Hi
• « 4

J(K>
c/K»
I ,IKX>

* * +■ _ _

600

M:iy* i^7*
1 ,7 i8s*H4
a78,£>99

I 00.000

j J.O0O

7t6
2,000
1 00

3’S00

(OO

1**00

100

AiKl

f.ooo

I ,*50

700

150

Status) -

M*iy* *

t, 68 1.08J
jJ4sH
?

5^5

,.SO0

100

JO0

I, Jt>0

;«o

1.580

60^0—

700

|pO<>0

>700

>J> YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

I'lUgll*!)'

CM It
I'ftlrttlttf'

N*A% /.t alii ml

6h>

i'^UIV J f* tY.d

Including U*S,S,R, and China a, 1^116 3,136059

ilLl . r , . . Mtmbcfi.

(Niimbn «il I^Mgu^s nuiHutc mI IhS.S.R. m,d ctiin^
Miiirh, i<;}6 : 17 league*, nii-mlxfs.

Miiy, : 3J l^agui^, 39,0 it* mniiWr^

May, uuH 1 jj Leagues, 31/165 mrinliiT'i.

39, j ji>
^+*5'j.iu6

JJM*

HUH! \\

Figures III* Novi* 1 t mmi m»- January, irjrfi figure v Vllfc. .u
dial higher. Full details ri re in*t ycl available.

1 iitcmalioiia] Children's Press.

1 s; s k’

% 1 » ■ - 91 *T ■ I » * #■)* *#* ■#« m m m w * 4 ■ * »

(kniianv. 11 D’u-tinmniil . . . . 1 * . . . . . .

Denmark, *f I'll*’ Ymmg Comrade (not reguL)...

Ci real Hrilnm, ” Tin* Yiuuig Comrade '*

Franco, " The Young ('uiiiriutc M
Mnlumlt M Red Flag " ... ... ...

I Uillttml, ** Tin- Young Comrade *’ (not regul.) ...
Norway, 11 Pwmwr M ... ... ... ...

Austria, 11 Ikr Roto Jung Piuiurr M ... ...

Poland* ** Piiifinr " (iniiun»gr.i|iliril month]) ) •**

Swrtlrrt, 41 The Young Comrade 11
Czechoslovak In* ** Dor Kleine Ihinn

44 l)cr Rore Truinrcifof

,, “ Clilldren^ PfifMT 44 (SuppIcnn'iU

" Rude Pravo **) ... *.*

Mongolia, " Reserve1 "

l oil* *! Stilus, " l lie Young Comrade " ...

Canada, " The Young Comrade M ...

Mexico, 44 The l ighting c hild "

Argentine, 41 The Little Comrade "

Crumiay, ** Pioneer *’

Chili, “ Forward,11 not periodical

January,

>W*

i- * 4

. . JO.CKXI

5,000

7,00a

I.OOD

3,mx>

3,800

8,000
i ,r*oo

8.000
500

5.000

*\0OO

January, 1937; 1 4 papers with a circulation of 68*800.
May, tnj8 19 papers with :t circulation of 7.^000.

68p**>

part h*

SOVIET UNION

• III Till1 developments 01

,he .«'? ?"SUvTl°.n the last two years.

IKE LENIN is • „ |wo years «•»« tarneil on

*&&£ n.‘- **■* ,h" Tr“,sk>;;st

Qi/vhilioit* i-'f, P'litV CortLTFOSSf 1 fOt.sk) 1. t

2£L2&m« ”

m the \ 1 vouth movement* In con-

trillion to quest ions connects w lhl...'ini<lorian regeneration of
*tion with the genera! theory of . , ; theory on the

fcPwtyi the Trotskyists in the U»K«« accLed ‘«'c

•ihitmitluf in the l.eaj;tu-. I" llu " Pj* . »hcir activities in
V.C.L and its IcailtTship o( :i wiontf 1 . October: also

At villages, ;i ml ;i rcAUncUltion of ib^‘ conquCs $ ty

i!t; kmg the Fiirtv leadership ot the ^ ^ ^ «i,o TmtckV-

The fact of the creation and illegal tli8tnbuu<>n ti

phi fur m on t lie questions of the youth movciwn Troiskv-
Wtticrvi ics of the formation of a special youth mi ^ct:v;tv

H character. Nevertheless, despite the energy J I aj]

;Wnby the Trotskyist opposition for control of Hie ^ * ;r0unt,
'Wyrktmicd in complete defeat. It was only a _ from non-
iiH-lf by srnall groups of unreliable V .t«L* crs c 1L ^

r 1 kirian dements. *Hrr with the

th**vc of the Fifteenth Party Congress tog^F

Party discussion, tlie C\C. of the League ion vVas

within xhv ranks of the Leagues. ^h1^ V-ments in the
’ ] 1 with great enthusiasm by the most 4Jc^rvt“ rtf" the Trot sky-
ami concluded with a most severe d*^at 'r,onncl of the
1;: ln 1 he youth movement, 99 PL‘r eent. of t ]c. f t tjlC Trotsky
declared itself for the Party nnd vjst group-

^positmn, which had degenerated into a 1 e - assisted

^ pernicious activities of the Oppose- break-up

thpf*1 ^mcnts, putting new hope in t win plCtalor sliip* -

•Ml J“n,muni^ Parly :iml of t\w and

Dim nk:|lls* those elements most d.n -> opposit101

Z£YW' ^civad Mr.-a« help throwtrh m 11 non.

*°r ihi.

1 T1! 1 t M ■ K f . I ’ 1 » I .tl 1 ho youth.

, .ini' ,>urfK'* ,,1

ri'ccivcd grunt help

JI>r l*H- intUu-m c «m the you'!'-. Kc> encourtig** her,.

!,t; activities of the opposing ^ „„;ir U would

’ ,lr!an elements in the Ue»giu soviet Vt*u* ’

(MW

vm-sv. COMMUNIST IKti; knatiov >,

iv Jill the so. ml strata ,tu. . _ _ * **»

the Mlriitih vviMi„K \ <■ r ‘ {snirriiiiu,, j

Opposition .> .. great conquest ,„r lhl. , * ,ht *«'«* 0Vtf *
IJm.iihm, in the - loss struggle ,„r „lt. ‘ ^ho.in, it

; , ” Tr“«5,c w i lie control of tiJ i? ,IPn,lHc Hi

itwlmve rebuke sulmm^imui by the y r ’ i * . tv

l»> the proletarian nucleus in the League, shnwL!',1i!ht-1«f,rM P^«
hmv strongly the ideological-political tindcmandifJ 52"^*

hnd developed, ;nt<] to what extent the I*,,,...!' ,

Wlnml the I'nrl,, ..ml is rapahl hghti.u, *'«l

Hut Independent ot that the fight against the Trot.kyisT ii^

•on has deprived the League of much strength and VninTS
ihe.e is m» doubt that the prartival work of ,|w. j
suffered thereby. As a result of this struggle, the V.C.L of|£
A. I-.. I . epoch has received us baptism in its fight for Lenimun.

Till; TRANSITION TO NEW METHODS OF WORK.

I Ik- development of lltr youth movement of the S A\ br the
V'lsl Period took plan- under conditions t»l systematical mucks bi
tlia proletarian on Hit- capitalist elements in the umns a nj
villages, and the sharp! mitg ot the rl.tv> struggle in ibr ST.
Ihi- sitmr thing took place in the struggle for (he ctmtrol of ibc
youth. During the Ltsi two yearn \vc see more dearly the
muni testation nl arth-pr nlctnrinn Ecmleiiries, such the ^fowtH
of anti-Semitism, amt the attempts on the pari of the church
ami the clergy to strengthen anti widen their influence anwnp*
the masMs nf the workers. emlea\mirs to bring f< rwaftl a iwiiklk-
class imlivuluafisin against collectivism, etc, 'Hu? danger of
leiulmrks increase especially during this epoch of the r
meat of the proletarian revolution in which we are at preset
The gcnemtioti of workers* peasants ami students now
up, have not gone through the lire of the class
neither an the pre-war revolutionary period nor during
period of civil war, The political I'emciousnCSS nf^ ^

generation has been formed during the period of SA'-A ^
mimlK'r ^>f contradictions of the class struggle tiavr
h> it. The remnants of the bourgeoisie in our t/n,n fjjili
forward not in open attack, but under the cover
based on the material inequality and national cnmitas. ^
live youth back into middle-class ideology, Therefore ^ ^

problem put forward by the Fourteenth Party Cbngres^-
Seventh Congress of the League, was the enlivening . ibr
°l the Leagues, finding ways and means of approa‘ the
pi ohlems ol the masses, and co-ordinating the ifit* 14 ^Jie
VOUth with the problems of stn ialisl rccOOStrUCl inn
forms and methods of work could not satisfy tjH ><x*ia1^
demands anti activitv of the masses on the question 4 pad
construction, l hi** explains thr energetic ctidcaV1>l,rs °

Y.C.I.. Olf S l'-

*55

V ‘ ... to find new form* and

,uri„g die p«* ‘wo> V Vn’thix respect the he****

*i ' ■ «5T S - zTVrVrU nnd

MH-«-es«-». ’J v , ,(1u|iiions and tasks of HU
U'hx: ork h:,K hern clearly sIioimi l*>

i * i*rl *tn ' *T . , t i,j, m*v\ i - .

This hits been dearly shout. h>
r-*h" ;;, iH'rn altpr.«ii*hed. 1 ■ n volunmry m«v. nicnl

f1”' h . .1 , r -wnisMtion, n .. ...... t ile.’* In prm tice

^ ,!„ ,..01« <•( ,, l .-ague unitlnp tin qut"

•*!, art| „1 vaiii*** t; roups «( the greatest

' 1 1"' . . .. tltxm as loi i sa 1 u,rtiiiAH ?

^l ol ...nous group* h: firou ps »( the greatest

.,(,estit.dhem.^s I... ^omnnmi|.l relation* to :

,, tor the , « Lid has had its prototype*

< This movement m > h . it look the lines

, ,<her dream-*1 “ *. ' on ltu, \\nvs of organising of

heilthy recreation, m ’ k , ,|lr t rals we have the

Y.C I- crs among the pc.i-a . f v„um. workers and

*K.i!!el ** industrial brigade consxi R - organisations

At the s„, time, in a n..ml»-r 4

i save of competitions tool* pkui, f‘>' 11 nucleus in the

thr hot hurmontuin player, the best Y • •

tilbre. cl*' - + riC- t .

I t actual ivpv of its work, the League approni ^

tlwrh than at any other periott* the cultiif ril-ci. oruum* * * _ .

tix l\vi\ and the Soviet lTnion- The League as s\ vv u\ k
r^n til a>vi^tmg the Parly in the ftilfilni* ni nl sUt *1 1 ^

n the socialisi rat ion a lisa lion ot itiduHliy, improunuti
vuliuri-. fighting against bureaucracy aiul improving K
n,rni apparatus, and lastly in approaching such ques 10(18 ' N
1IryR(rk ior a new cultural life* ,

Hid while we are able to record a definite ninv i IlaitiiiinLf
■ rr*aiott nf livening the activities ol our League .me - U(,

; ^ m:,"i ti.sk s of the I.|th Parly Congress ami the ‘ ‘ s)^_

**CrCss. We inust a* the s;um- time sharply UIV.f^ Jcvrlonmi'n*
" "ith which these main tasks are fuddled. J “ . ‘ ‘ thc OPpO-
-t wx,rk .... the „,.yy lines found its. II confronted wi ' bur^u-

' ,1,1 the old forms and methods of work, routny ^ ,,npar#tus
* }* which no doubt arc to be found in t u ■ * ^ result of

n among a section of officials of the League. jid not

1 number o( organisations the uiHH , tjlt* whole

r* ,hc development they deserved, and 'hr*Uh “ “u,,, «f.

r?^llV 1bVOl"k of making a Pystv.»ai« <n

, hH^ developed extremely slowly* & * ff ;n the livening

; 'f the,r f,rs, pan;,,] superficial i M'4- * . .ir,Iour cooled-

kir work, settled down Into ruts 1 ,,-atIon that the com-
^ Nevertheless* it can he said xv it <«»* *,, ;Vt- results »'ul

die 1.,’wguc have achieved - c "1,, and that the »W
,ht kadershiu of rhe work o f the organ .sat «

’f YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

sm«n to concrete leadership h is u, * AIj

comparison with the task? which face th?f? but a11 'hi' in
working -class, ,s absolutely hisitllteicm. Uaeuc* 1‘attj ^

t onurmation of the defects in the t ;r
' C.U is to be found when checking the inlWn "T **
nut tees on the membership of the League with t> ° lf"-‘ccn<.
of members. Here we find that we have ■, thv.ih, numi*r

joo.ooo members have been lost to the 1 e ,eue -- mw,,bcrs,1'P
this number owing to the fact that we were not able IITT'Z

^ mV ■ *iv i min w© were not r

work ol the League sulluicntlv inlemhc. A> ,he X ,',,
we discovered that a large number of members bclonir to t
so-called “ passive " V.C.U-crs, who arc on the brink oflcavin'
the League. A further review of our successes and defects is til
be found in the October recruitment of young workers into ih

League. This recruitment gave the League only 60,000 your.k’
workers and agricultural labourers, which is absolutely iiisutTi.

cient, especially when taking into consideration the fact that the
number of young workers in the League decreased from 47.5 p<r
cent, on January isi, ic>26, to 4.J.2 per cent, in October, \qz].
The October enrolment convinced us that mass work amnnp:
non-partv young workers anti agrarian workers is very weak.
This is an extremely grave warning for the whole of the
and its leading organs, because the most important guaranur for
the successful development of the V(C.L is its strong tu- with
the proletarian masses and the constant increase of ra ^
by new forces from our proletarian youth. f

All this explains why the C.C. of the League on the cvi o 1

Congress urged discussion of the defects of the League s ’c ^
in matters such as League life, mass work and the organic w ^
activity of the masses on a voluntary basts* tlcu .

activity of the masses on a voluntary oasis, 1 J 1 ^
initiative and self -activity, the fight against bureau* 1 -a > f
development of fearless bolshevik self-criticism. . thr

The attitude* was definitely rejected by trie ' ‘ fCvfnt
whole of the League, it being quite obvious that tim **
day conditions there can be no real proletariat1 pu ^ jjcccS"
does not Include cultural mid economic work. 1 _ |bc
sarv to remark on the continuous attention and inlcr^ y.eJ
Par - °f the League in the development and work o , fnfL> n1(n-
Tiie L-V.C.U of the S. U. was and has remained m ?uth

rank of the V;CI, its most active and leading th'

important political campaigns as International D:*> <y
10th Anniversary of the October Revolution. 111

— —

T ,a hroad development of the cultural and chjr<|L

? lh5 X*C,L. will result in a lost ui the political prolctafMU

ler of thi.- L^;i|juc,

- o it 157

/I | ()i' h-fk

ch-.Ubcn. wcre all carried out

hll"’;lsnl h>- th*- the S.U., particularly at thfc

War threatenmk ions with Great Britain
break in ^plom u c re of the S.U., who

P&* °. ,m-re>t among i»H' ; *"? :;nv nionicrtt the defence

break in rhptonnujc re of the S.U., who

TakV- « > »« any moment the defence

w^JSrftWr reiuhm ss to n ] <u.mt>nst rated practically,

^fVS nluliwr1an<h :: , hv raising tin*

illness *° .u^nXnstrate.) Poetically,

motlwfkm/’; » J* ; , anil by raising tlie

' SSm -"ssTSStotoS m ,«*.i"». «f *fen“

X, , he life of the Ked Arni^ and Navy. xv;lS

Thr recent grain . _ ..^Ut incc from the • .C,L.

mfKi active assisi-mtt-
i rritd out With mosi a

ilcspitc great defects '? ' ^'in^h^I-enirdst V.c!l.,

S'Xasabks tXcorrcctly gauge its cultural tasks
S ^ H. international pro.ctnr.an rca-

possibilities* ~

the attitudh m= Till. c.c. to
labour and education of the YOUTH

ih« proletarian government has to act.onipli^h the _b roat
f ^of youth labour on a new socialistic basis, <>\ • rto - . -nid

f£*oiUk's and contradictions arising out of the tec v ■ ^ sur*
^'Miomic hat k ward iicss of our country, and n> >* K
r' Jn4d by capiialsst slates. These difficulties >c . . jc.

in the- period of developing socialist industry, ^ 0f i\tc
- ^ the maximum possible of the financial rcsourt -.. r

Wintry* It sufilcient to remember the trans cr _ ^

'^munism to the New Economic Policy*^ when as *l r ‘ . |;ibotir
'nkr of industrial concerns on a paying hasJs, ^ , r 0f

JWtiiscd.on the basis of the socialist legal code, f industry

*<l^czed oin of industry. The rationa i^-t ^ ^ the

r;,Ls(‘d this- question in a sharp form. ^ ]L kV iiracur-

v'’ue or youth labour, nm i/y ^ ^ jt!l the ina^

s °! the six iiiUst organisation of you in a >f_ . Df the C A .

1 the industry of the socialist state* l ^ * . firmiy b>r lhc

* htague was bused on this, and it . labour, and a

■"'ngof the Sindalist Legal Code lor • \ °U^ ^ ^ of v»n^
:,mc lime endeavoured to link up f thc working

vou„Lr workers and the iniercs This cnP »>“

- Workers in industry

,y Vnl'N,i^MMrNlsriNT

. ,,aiInooon naet.^AT^AL

flu percentage of )4ith laW*!!? jd“rm|r " P*rio?3S
V<», nm , tl.V lcM.d ,|(lo,V i!r rr> vari«1 Wu "

,M •nd afterwards t In- l wrT * ConleS*

2 >', ‘V T lo workers who lu * Cak?la*< 3*

"" *,K* )>a;,s "> uhitiort of natural loss oMdl l**%
•* ,H» ",lll,x Jn C€*nneniim w ith the de. Horn, 1(’“r Pf*l|,«. ■* *dl

h.s mennt a reduction of the t., fn «p™£22j? P^wtSo".

1 hr work in connect.. hi with ihe examination t.r ,1 *

' % ; ; t vaiiuiuiiitin til iKp fiv’i

01 youth In industry in view of i,s eompiexiu hJ

y ‘ f .Commission ** *'P »*y the tVn„|(V cS

till* [ _S% ht n 1 r li 1 e. . .f VMJ|'«ISInM

.0, .,hoo, lu; ,? to remark thin in

■ '* ' vuCi °r thc Sl - ha* certain .liffcrencts of

opinion with the Supreme Economic Council. Its main difference
19 On ilir question of mass special i sal ions (weavers* rubber
workers, cU’,), which industries require for their train ini? only *
period of time. The C.C. of the I..V.C.L.
tourer period oJ training in order to give the )imng vv writer > alv>
genera I Socialist education, This discussion miist be fUfinitdj
div ided by thr higher Sov iet ond Party organs

Tin- number of young workers in industry on thc 1st J.-muarj,
1 *>Jb, was 133,^2, am I inci eased on the m January, wj*

1 I11 consequence of the decision ot the {iovcmmrni iv

decrease the quotas ot young workers and the acceptance os nv
young winkers into thc industry, tltc number of young workers-
the 1st July, 1927* decreased to 1^989* If we take into sy*
si deration the new entrants into the factory schools, t!n> nuni ^
will be 9 light ty more. Therefore, the main number u >
workers, in industry on th kisis of the fisted quota, has *
decreased,

■ - Uj*

Amongst the other questions it is necessary l° meat
discussion in connection with unpaid apprenticeship 1 , jvrIv
uuliis* t v. As is well known, the line of the League V
against all experiments to introduce unpaid apprenuces ^ ^
breaks the rode of louth labour. For a number ivlvinf
League maintained its attitude, and was sueecsslul m ■ ^

ea* ried ihfi*«gh. These discussions re-occurrcd wh 1 j^guc
t*u' CVi* of the Fifth Conference- The C ,C* n j tfier

SUH^( hr ni against unpaid apprenticeship, and on- .-fiht
decision of the higher organs did the conference * ^ son*

tUxivion which allows for unpaid training as :m excep ^
districts, Despite this, the C.C- immediately after ’.he .

* omniom t il IO examine tile experience of unpaid |flllII) - |y^

had taken place for a number of years without

V X - i **

ol- s.u. w

showed tin* iiliMJut*' un-

- Jli.ru*. ; 1 1 « mi UK* pom. o( V,vw of

r I un,»:ti‘l o«»«‘»k. . . : bul niso from Uk- P‘»»*

f,LoTS«ki».l! '• “ n.m.n«sr cWldr™ of Oh-

' , 1„ C.C. "> !*'*• 1 ' 1 ' "

>»r Su.no! ....

•" i h' , li.s.l lit* 'u,v^ ' ! , un vxveption. In-fore the

c u, 12"SlSf Tnte uSfcm- i>'“1 ***** *** ?•?’

m*i « «».». of ««

4 'hr W- ;,n;1 vv * ,i „■ tempi of tlw Oppoallion lo view
daUwo ,h^7.f!i!*C r was adhering to the priia-ipW of «nPn,d

irainlflfi. i» .-‘“"Mi • . . f (j quota* CJiustil ilifVlCul-

Th. deebion conccrmnK * | ,J 8tudeali during the

«.,« K;iru>r> ij*. ■ wn, s.<l «lKn

SS.*SS ’“-I •• .He -

kiivinn the schools tlu- pr.- ^v.ous year* »“*
lini.iralive organs iricd u> break tins ilccisio^, Fnctory

in or, tarn plnci-s lo mvept no mw atujk-nt. m.o the I
Schouk. Tlic C.C. was compelled to conduct a fearless- Kk
v S u.p \ui i e^sful in gelling tile Supreme h** . p|()Vp

htw a categoric decree that the tlccisions of the ^yr X * >ciilt the
eminent m this <‘nnm*< th*u, be put into being- '* , jir

btrufvoune workers occcp*«‘.l iiu<> th« Factory ’ nu>nt

-.juris. <>( was hi^lier (Imn itic derision of the

«fTdn.. . - to

I l.v prinripii) discussion around Factory S» h<a. s \va. ^

’‘heihcr the Pat iuri Sclwxils justified theniscl.es Iron. ui« f ,

'7 >'t •Mining qualificj workers answen«k * V^nciaT^omy
^mditsuy, and also from the point of view ot ODDor,ent

J* preparation of minUCtcd workers. The ni^ ,l'_ .lra. j^sti-
l :“'lorv School svstem is Gastev, head 0 ' ’* . >■ (ju*

LaW Who considers that the Factory Sr-hooN ■ of

’ r ■ 11 l\Vi 1 - J . - I y I II * I*

P'lriicular industry required t u > " P * thc questmfl

"^Communist ideology, he ‘f o >n sidcrat

the Im^lr business, and no! ,.llion;llis»t'«>n.

^ between Socialist and Capitalist^ ^^ies wh..

, f the Uaj-ue systematically ^P^^^inJistortTf^^S

'"I; labour. ,.,„1 -t..Kl ffl1

1 ,,f preparation of new . 0{ labour « ■**

'ariat on the basis of

,6° Ym'KG COMMUNIST IXTKRN.vnov,

In co mice l ion with the alterations which /
industry causes in the Industrial composilio|l of

t .t . put U>i v\ .ii (1 the Suggestion «f reori^i .c ■ ,j..

Schools on the lines of three types of Factory ShJ?" £**5
Schools preparing workers for mass nmr.^i' , nwl : F actor’.

SrluKil

* . . ivijes oi worl;-,*

essential for the transition period, and will be rtWir*i r *
industry. While the Supreme Economic Council docs
10 the two latter named types of schools, it disagrees with the
p<^sal tor the first kind which prepared workers of JL
professions, and economists put forward the suggestion tha: \h2
workers be trained in the courses of the Central Instituic «f
Labour, and by individual training. This question will, un-
doubtedly be one of the most hotly contested when putting* into
practice the reorganisation of the Factory Schools. Actually in tl
discussions on Factory Schools the attitude of the Y.C.L, is \hx
the Proletarian ( iovernnunt and Party, laid down in the labour
Code and in the decisions of the Party* Congresses,

The question of the wages of young workers came before tF
C.C. from the point view of decreasing the difference bcUvcm
the average pay of a young worker anti t lie average pay of **
adult worker. During the last period it has been possible
obtain a certain progress in the sense of lessening this differ-.; Mi
which at present is about forty1 — sixty* per cent. In connection
wit;* the *&riff reform (i. c. , reform in the scale of wafts) 3^
abolition uf piece work, the question of a regular system of P>
meni for worker students has been raised* "I his explains!
creation of training sections under conditions of non -decrease ^
the existing rate of wages of young workers, nod the prowao ^
the future for its systematic increase in relation to the
wage of an adult worker. The C.C. also obtained a correspu^
decision from the A-U.C.C.T.U.- and in the tost collective
ment campaign, the students received an increase m thc ^
xa' *IS lower paid categories of workers. , .{^

Although we have not ,l,.. fin;*! results .

t. * WC hav* ,M* ><-•> received the final rcsu«> -

camPai^n» it can be said that this «mp ^
workers th* c nt"K' *s m the relations of wages of young

Ti * v cl,anKes being u, ttm advantage of ymmtf y

suffiei an<l U,e C < in t

secondary and i.:,,h , .t:sUunB Connected with ,hc

» » < >■""« he

«*■» -< «•» «*<«• mmKT Wl iT Tii»“

industry n„d the ot £ ?' j^ni.dy -**

Y.C.L. OF S.tL

1 6

* *

■ r,,. the development .»f national economy,

It, the fire- yfr^\'h ijibnur and education should be fully
At «*** ' ‘ worked out the main directives in this sphere,

V^tel. ThcC ^' .(, fnr confirmation to the 8th Congress. On
^h^^^ .ives it will be necessary to do great work
;'f J[S|- thc concrete tasks in the question of orgamsa-
and education of yOutig workers on n new basis,
S^-nus. realise within the next five years.

j _uc>,ion of youth unemployment, is one of the most
[lie t’.C. has worked towards solution of this
, : on the lines of bringm^ young workers into production.
Iso on the lines of assisting unemployed young workers
l.' Ih and In finding them work. From this point ot view the
<■. ; ri-hour day anil thc extra shifts in tlie textile industry played
J,.tt part.* in the textile districts, where the question of
cvstploymcni amongst thc youth workers was of great import-
. T. it tt.'i1- possible tn bring many of these young workers into
idittrv.*

HE POLICY AND WORK OF THE LEAGUE IN THE

VILLAGE.

! ureal assistance to the party in strengthening the umon
u"rhii'[t-i'Iass and the village poor peasants with the nut i e
-’’id in the creation of essential prerequisites for
' isive attacks on the capitalist elements in thc village-
’ * ‘he main achievement in thc work of the League, w.tl.

* to the 8th League Congress. __

1 'be probli-iit of combining the personal interests o
f Ht !h« s.uiuH« UO.....UC, ion , ««r. **»*-

'■I ^ “ * * | jfcjfc r#l 1 f* fi, -9

* < '‘t^rrsscs sulci COnfcrtlUTS c>i tl ^ h |XX,uoriuV
lo n 1 1 urgunisaltoffia, that all the cu nloaf: *he

f 1 ,f‘ League in the village should be ^,vcr|heie#%-. in die

i*ii>]oVV^ id th®

N’rve,„lPlc, tl(ero aM. over the »«« 'V'v >‘*rar'*

i,KU1,. wi|, h.odly be re.l«e« l‘|U ^||o

•° »•» constant influx of C

i ' >

Y< >UN< > C< >M M 0 N 1 SI' I NTF.RN ATIOK \i

pmcticul tippliealioivs *'i this communist line, in:inv »»., .

ran 1m* obsci ved. Many village organisations of' Or- V ■' '
instead nf dev eloping their member. along ,i„. Iim.s of
co-operators, tended to develop them on lines of good individio!
Innd-holdci S.

I'lu- agrarian- propaganda activities of the League in if,
village wen* carried out in many cases in this maimer, and u,
large degree this accounts for the fuel that the Y.C.L, did not
always salisly the needs ol the young agricultural labourer* an)
poor peasants. It also cannot be disputed that in the organisation
0j ti,c. \ smug agricultural labourers am! poor peasant youth, if?
League did not work satisfactorily.

The growth of the League in the village ^ -i atcti
following figures

1 « 1 1 » a 1 mlltiHi i ^ . i it * y I a ;

tif im-tulH i rv Agricultural I wr MuWi

i%^t**i \n vill Age VViH-kcrfc peanuts. |

Period. hi

1£( ...
t -

l\*r Cent* ...
t*t Jim.,

IVr Cent*

iKt Oct*. 1^*7 ...
IVr Cent-

I'htiitgt Irom tin'

isi Jim,,

tip Oct.,

192b f.

S i jO.I *O0

140

97,900

II3.J-'0

jC1*

m v«

4-4

1 1.0

|(*J7 ...

1 .t>55,000

J^.055

446*,, to

12.3

44-^

t<3*‘7 ...

1 ,01 5,000

j7 *3 S5

* jt>,Hy5

4-5*435

r p

**4

J-7

n*5

41*9

jS,4}
M°S
53- 1

34*6

IVr Crltt

■I*CK>5

— 41

+38i97S —

4- 29.6 “4*®

j. Kmploytes, etc*. increas'd Uy

Midi Ilf peA^nni^ Micrt'iiwd
5, Agricultural workers Uinkf**etl by —

+ j. 7*5 +th*?

Per ctot

4*-

31>‘S

jQ,6

of die 1

X he iirsi group nas sysiemaiican* ^ 3 per j

1926 to 65*2 per cent, , cm tst January, l9*/ d lias

1st October » 1927 to 5^*1 per cent*) and L Vtxt* nnd

from 28.9 per cent.- 33.1 per cent. ll>.vfnl«'^ 10 7,3 P*f ^
:iiso increased from 5,9 per ccnu- — *>.7 -

Thus, the League in llie villages jjrcw during

mainly on the basts ol middle peasant youth.

II is also necessary to note the extreme?

. weakness

163

., * oF B-U*

Y t L‘ 1 ..takings anti collective

. , ^.cultural undertaking
in Soviet akr‘

t & undertakinps- thc League

<*lurt • ,.f the peasant >,,u • .

*' , .tie nlHCflt ion *"* \ - lhc first place in tin

&&ZSS& — - - *h-ir -

ol 1

. _ ..... percentage increase m

!-.< the pcri°*l fr<Mn n" pupils 88-0 Pcr cc,u* But there

- 5»-8 p? ' * "* ’ ‘"£.re of work. The programme

„ nbc( of 'ielerts 1,1 t'M> i ,i.l>0|s ;irc not adapted

££• «* •;« r^JSSZ

_ ,T^]v to the* i asks , / jiiiiertLCV sire extremely

STh -r' •<*£' “LpU °1 *'■*=

,,t Cultural work »s still b.miy *m*»i
^tdtural wkl p*x»r peasant youth.

The jirain-colW'Cting campaign o^anisntions!

ians« of thc League, strengthened the y\u g ■ tlic

«J lifted the developing of the class char:u tc , sam/timC
f;% role of lhc League more tmporinnt* . _ v taxa*

.ram-collecting campaign, the carrying out o \ ^ fore-

4flt the Peasant credit campaign, etc** all brouu^t ° .

*pct the defects of thc practical work ol the LcagU .

*2igr.

^many places it was discovered* that owing: carcles

H ^mttiincs insuflicicnt attention being* paid to re^u A 1 ¥ 0f
\ c! new members, rich peasant elements under l tc ^

' ' Passant rv* entered the League*.

rhe fu,ure i:i>k «,f the League therefore, lies in d<J™“
of political mistakes in thc village, in \i!an-

fe> lartj 'n *ts struggle with the rich peasants (ku 1 )*. _ tflC

J| flic agricultural ‘and poor peasant c,i5»c of

peasant masses entering the League, ruhhng « ‘ *0f tj,c

peasant elements, and widening the youth-

V/ i,monkr the iu;is^ of non-party labouring py ^j^tivisa-
nHlst give all its forces to the service

* Harlan economy* r

. r*es from

" emwih of new cadres of worker /.^jopnicnt ol 1,11
CS «rt«W» is a notable feature in proof of jhe

h,:' 'h*ring tin' last year. This ach>ev _ the L ‘ ‘ ’

^ « ^'retigth of the proletarian ^ ,j,t line of lht‘ r 'ion-

% tv^Ptctcly confirms the correctness . , . pressure

T>«,io„. Surrounding ‘ ondUK ns. # ^ aI,d cont.nu

if, 4 younc communist i ntkr nation al

mi- adoption of this line, whirl* will Ivr- ensured by the eia^
Miou- proletnrinn policy of flu* League.

Till: GROWTH Ol- Till: LliAtil'li AND Till-
RRGUI.ATION Ol* ITS COMPOSITION.

Despite the clear line Kiven in t unmet i*>n with the growth uf
the I .cue ue ami the regulation el it- .-«* ial composition, m m.m,
Omani sat ions this line wtm not carried out > mrcctly. M*ny
ore nniiur lions cliil not e.mtrnl the work ol llatr MiWnhtutc

oncntiwltont tn tl*e fulfilment of the directives in this com

In connect itHt with this in some orgnm-aliuns the lolh>winK defect,

were I tHiii*! :

(t) Absence of correct control of the growth of the
U-;.Mne in agrarian districts, ami a t.-mlcncy to pay i**> much
attention to numerical increase.

ij) In many places the principle of class ihflcrentmtwn

among the peasants accepted v-a- not applied. ^
nuclei tlitl not correctly understand the .nstractmn- of thr
C.C. rc ncceptaitco of only l*csi types " 11,11 1 P‘

> (Hilh,

(t) In various nuclei, ittsu.licieo. attention «•* P-JJJ
the individual investigation, individual nierit- .a>‘ ‘ ‘ ^
persons entering the League, thus accept me 1 '
to i He orpamsaiion, .

(4) Many districts paid insu.hcient attention to
a nee into the League of agricultural labouring ■'
vouth.

The major hy of or^iinisai ions brought Um^ ^
l>c st elements of the micltlU1 peasant ymilh, :i

siderntyte headway anum^ the poor peasants- ^

The rate of ^rowili of the League romnuiw i
jiinuitrv, U)4(it fell somewhat, hilt' in * 'c ,

recorded a uumcrtexil membership increase tm,x Iw r V^iro1 ^
m 1920 of 19,7 per cent.* in 1927 owing' **> the *x
the membership figures* the membership of 1 ,9640^ ©a **
existed on the i$t January. up", decreased to
1st December, l9^

The growth of the nuclei during ,oj6/ 1027 i,lCT; , ru*:*-
w*,“l yNS‘ (D«ring 0525 there was an increase to

1 1 rorn tst January, 1926, to is! December, »P27» ’j*!‘
two years n increased by .0,561.) The growth .luring 111,5 r
is characterised by tbe following figures :—

fro^*
n k*
a&J

V.C.I- OF F.V1.

**s,

II il

fe h- > **

in p

.tZ w ^ ?§ L-

5 Uih

7.*S°

. JC . ‘*h

, |C • **>»

TVf<f'*fr

• £;*£ 47.o*j

«7,M #.7'>5 47’*J

”, be seen that the

.... 1 Hii'relii

i “ . . w 1,415 7.*S"

?,v7-> *"•■»*.■*» »J • 8j7 «.*■«<>

47*°*' Kft’i 753 '>*749

S.7->5 47-SJH ** 7*J othcr

. 1 hm I lie villUKC ‘•",l °,h*r

pi'cfefr 1! “l11 , A greatest increase.

nuclei insignificant. This'**

TV ,,,uh of factory hJ n larger basis

-I by the fact ‘ ^ ' 1 illag« including the small-

«l new nurU«(l<T ^ , , |iC for every VvC.J**

we sll;.h a bWu» i> pn^cticniiy

ti. K*nt villages) while **' l,,c ,. 0f factory groups

o^rnt. The following arc the hguris . ^ ^

«,lr t-ltn vukrrt numbering fmin S**> *‘n,! too 0

,»* * * * *m*

rut) ftnrfrd *-■ ■" "* 9S-0

; Ut.rkrr^ from l«> 10 5°°^ tuvcrtt 75,0

V J1 I»iib fM.m $o tu too) covrrr,! •** *'* ' „

r feill mirtpciv, (vi it It workers up to S°1 covered

TIV quantitative growth of the League is illustrated by the

tabk ; — L 4#

. i( 1 1/ /’ 1 t%4 the S.l •

r\<f til Jlif loriul ccmi^djttftOM <j"/ the * *

■V

-z i

.? L|

c c c

. ^ &
U> u

*3; **

S-E

—

T /■ j)D, 107

$*>0,583

I 1 JO

nrnri

Jfht)

7-7

1 ^/j4

<■**.*57

i54*3°sl

ino

34*7

7*9

It$l4.4||

657 95r>

160.0J2

loci

34 *

8,4

+ 67,377

+34.893

K C

1 i * * 4

-0.4?

2 «
? 1
1-8

t.Si7

46.O

/rtjl

^7-5

4^- J

■i .

^ §

S 4*
>7l

rjtV
n 4

j66 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTER NATIONAL

Bv this means it can be seen that over :t period of onc
nine months, the absolute increase in membership of die
to<»k place mainly on account of the peasant youth (+1*0,64-]

The general growth of the League from January, 1926
:6,(» per cent., the increase in industrial workers was only n.i
per cent., agricultural labourers 26.9 per cent., peasants i7!-
per cent., handicraftsmen .$4.0 per cent, and miscellaneous 22. a

per cent.

'Hie basis for the further growth of the League in industry
exists out of 1,400,000 working youth at the bench* only 600.000
of whom have entered the League. The reasons can be said to
lie in the following: — Firstly, that the Y.C.b. cannot keep pace
whh the growing demands of the working youth and of its political
activity. Secondly*; that mass League work is not adapted to the
various activities of the different sections of young workers, both
in relation to their position in industry* and ages. Thirdly, that tb-
League was unable to keep pace with the growth of young workers

'm industry.

All this, especially in connection with the fact that during tj»
past year a greater number of non-proletar ian <■ v™ ■
entered the League places before the organisations o _ ' * A*l0fV

the task of a more thorough refutation of tlucr socia c ■ f
anti a development of mass cultural economic
nuclei-

I* ARTY KERNEL IN THE LEAGUE AND PAH*'

LEAD ERSHIP-

For the past two years the growth of dual membership m
League is characterised by the following fig:ures-

*/* t*6

I1' r f. * ni„

r*r rrnf,
1/io/jj

C ‘f- **

L. “

I ? =
& ~ 2
4 3 » t H i

JO* 3
Ofi.K ;6

35' 4

n-Wfj

o ©

10**860

715,7

1 1 j , 1 63

6 1 .6
1)8.3 *7
57' 1

144 -°-4 1

1 7

i -

3 si

T.'1 ,,c Percentage of Y.CX.-crs accepted into the
ion to the total membership, continuously incrca

* Figures of the Central Statistical Bureau.

the

167

Per con?* young
common Ut* m

n >1 .4 lion to

total ;tccepied
into the Party*

iVrtak . 33-4

first Mf 1,1 ,9*5 " *" V. 3S*‘

ivr Un,( of ,,,i5 *” ... 3;-3

far d**11 f •** 37-5

1 °ver

, members to the Party.

• . •-.■lit of new members accepted

Inthc army seventy-five per cc .

. she Partv arc members of the l.eagu

TV number of Pony org.,, Nation, in ‘l» f
:hi of Y.C.L. nuclei. On the first of the seventh, *9»/* t,ic c
,.!54 Y.C.L. nuclei, while the Party had only *8.2/5- ^ J

Jh. 30.879 Y.C.L. nuclei exist in villages where there are no

Fim nuclei.

» A *

fWM IIUUVI4

LVspiu- all difficulties the rate of growth °f Party nuclei
■ ji the UtiL'Ui' in the villages has increased. lil

• h 1 .000 village Y.C.L.ers 65 entered the Party, and in 1920, 5 *

* 19:7 there was an increase u» 77*

A considerable section of Party organisations ha%c no ) ^
"taken concrete leadership of the work of League nut *1 n 0f
Such questions as labour conditions, c* u *

! ^ workers, better methods of work, training ot act*

Vulstion of the growth of the membership, etc., 1 **

> Practical solution through the leadership of the 1 ary.

PIONEER MOVEMENT.

has been

Hu- Pioneer Movement during the last twu > ^,tl \t ^ ncces-
J*; the weakest points in the work of the has been

lent
dill i

'■niculti,* were caused by the i- ;*‘7 i

s“VHt socii-iv to this movement «« . tod it>e*<

' among sn children. J l*1* " -

the pioneer organisation* i ,rc is 11 5°"'

*1 u*' , i. Ex>m

fl**1 Al>ril, *9*5. *<J iM*

[e decrease in the growth of *' gjtuieer *,rs

trtft VOl'NC COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!,

In absolute figures the increase is as follow s *

U-ir*'

i*t luljr, 19*$
i st July i i*m*

i*( July, m>*7

(KkiIk i, * ui 7

1 'utww >.

t ».|«*olr^i^
i,Kji,707

i»7IK*H4

i >h i*Hui*r

,*-*457

4S*<

4 5*759
44.9N

*5*J.J*>

Nol less disquieting arc ihu figures showing the ,

membership of the Pioneer organisation, Wc (five the nu.^
diaractcristic figures for the period from ist July, igaO, to m
of January* 1927*

From 1 st July, 1926 to 1st January, 1927, 4,042 new Divi-
sions—228.162 Pioneers. 4*048 Divisions ceased to
exist ; 309,4*82 Pioneers left I he organisation.

Forms and methods of pioneer work were very often mtre
reflections of the methods adopted by the League, Because of
this there was a tendency 10 make the Pioneer organisation sold)
Concern itself with politics* In eon t rad istinc lion to this, in some
districts, a complete denial of the need for political education of
children was observed* The correct line should be to introduce
both tendencies and to be able to organise pioneer work in surh
a fashion, that it should meet the requirements of the children,
mi that the basis of the education of the Pioneers should lif in
their social-labour activities*

CONCLUSION.

The Leninist League during the past two years attained grejt
successes in the strong theming of its ranks, and has ^ .

Influence on the masses of young workers in the town am w
The positive results of its development are that it was an

1 he positive results of its development are that u
crush eomplftvlv the Trotskyist Opposition within its ranks « _
threatened the bolshevik 'education of young workers: 4 *

*'amc 'he anti-middle peasant tendency* and has become .

mass Communist organisation in the village ; Ha*. *ramt . ^

codres of activities, and strengthened the guiding rAlc of the
letanan youth in the youth movement. Finally, the ' • :c

Interne an important aid u> the Party in it* cultural su'd t

W construction. .

On t hr other hand, in the life and work of the U n^ ,)!c to

adim »nU»bcr of deficiencies. The League has been '{ion-
"'vithi ,-ISC^ sufficiently to the tasks of socialist 5?? .«nrk r

Mitt" "f ra"HS exist bureaucratic factors: its r,,‘|S*i; thr

vj[|. n,'d the practical tasks of proletarian pn

U~! *’K' very often not carried out properly- .i.-vde?'

■L- The L.Y.C.L. of the S.U. enters a new phase of ’** ucti^
work* W’*K'n its forces can be concentrated on rc-t tl>

irto

, , . op S.U .

N " , ti 1 .. iiinc should

* 1 in the development o mj reor*

1ie«f5fvJ struggle for a rt’ ' -n r o( s,di wider mn«W>*
it*?! Jh sviH guaranty ^ the work of nulus-

..*«» i ;v“",.r 1. ■ w-1'-' •

< V ■*> f ,hc h.l - *‘nu

GERMANY

Tin* four years since tin- fourth World Congress were for ii,c
Orman Y.C. I-. years of consolidation and rebuilding after the
heavy setback suffered through the October defeat of 1913 amj
the wrong ultra-left policy of the Party ami the ’k .CM,, in the
Years following (i9J4-»9-tS)- ' bis setback still continued during

'1lc f,rsi period after the Fourth World Congress, up t„
the second half of 19*5- The k'cncrnl situation was
verv unfavourable both for the Party and the l.cagut.
The partial stabilisation of German capitalism and the
Dawes plan, and the creation of a stable currency, created in 1 ■

1 sinks of the discouraged masses, strong reformist illusions of a
lx.-* ferment of the position of the working class under capitalism.
\ No the pacifist-democratic era. the period ol “ heft
meats in France and Great Britain, the speeches and peace con-
ferences of the bourgeoisie created pact list dlusu ns.
unfavourable objective condition was made s* ill veorse tlirnug.
the incorrect policy of the Party and the Y .C.I.. under the uUo-
Left leadership <*f the Maslow-Ruth Fischer group. ‘;.t
agreed only theoretically with the United I ront tactic*, , *» J“J
putting it into practice, and almost entirely neg ei let '

union work. This led to a falling of the Conunums*.
among the working class, to an isolation of t.ic *'[’ >
masses, whirh resulted in Insufficiently active lOU\ . ;(flcr

the rising *lde of the working class movement ro ^ ^

1925. The Young Communist league jotiuU wwHcetvd

carried on this incorrect policy* It also, almost 1 ' T 1 ? * r 4 " .V,' j^riy,
mass work , and instead, engaged, in the same \y->> as ^ ^
th*- whole time in the inner Party discussion* ' *u- tr : ‘.-l:*aik

rite drop of tjj*

i i liitual H'd '*)

-- -- ■■■ ,p. nun I 1 ,tl I * " , I. .ni'llll'idP

V.C-U was accentuated by the very hurriedly and M ‘ ' %v|,jch

conducted reorganisation on the basis of factory groups*
entirely failed, and onlv caused very serious organs,
weakening. I1 rom this Unbearable position the 1 *1f*J ‘'f'-(ltlinuUt<'
were extricated by the Open letter of die Executive c

v..re ex i neater] by .lie Open Letter of
of the Comintern in \utumn of 1925.
Comintern was appre. ir,i. «t t,v a big rnn

f ■* C^atvon f!o. v' € ’ t ' .

The Man*

Ipf >»nt

Thf

of tht lim* of the Comintern in the Party l* ^ (0ok

7 hi \inUi Congress, in October, 19*5' '*J \fi*h a f,vt"

tli 1 Jn the mi r 1st of this inner Parly dismission, 1 £0fiu|1,a

M*ths majority, the Congress decided for the li^c

. n(j Hamburg, which

, |.T/gcbirgc-Vogttand «nd ^ ^ c j, letter

Ti t di*,ridS ui'n ot directly vote ah* ^ )nislakcs com-

i°* C F C . which had decided for
*awd * Sa clmrgwl '-he C. L-C . ioll#. After the
. it tfce P®sl .ll vvith Righ1 r v. rv soon

r "iri^ue through the application <^*^forc thc Congress,

. a,\mfk in the trade unmns; \ tlK. sending of the

had launched a brondc L nion. They sue-

workers delegation to I lie ^ for the dele-

id in winning broad «»* Y*«m mil tees, in which soc.al-

: in many places Urn.i* - ■ rkers participated, were set

ai»ocfn;k and non-parly youth attended young workers

i The delegates were elected J * delegation the

W 25, districts. ^ After .he Vw" for 1L United Front

b relinked up the campaign with ^ fitrhtinjr programme

-the druggie for economic demands* J- VJT|| attended young
i : i by the League was adopted o> - v 0f the then

* ", ' * the :*i demands for the

1 great .unemployment it contained -s „ — u ion of demon-

: ■ - ' *! witmploycd, and resulted in the ur^‘nr1.' " . partly in

itrvidns of young unemployed in various t isin*

« e winning of some improvements* campaign for

i-e League also actively participated m t c . 'nniug of
^propriation of the ex-Ruling Houses lenders, the

^ In sohe of Iht. refusal of the Social-nemo1 - United

, **■ o-v - t , thrive St,(t l,v . rrtf

:r ifistricts they succeeded in winning " . or £*,««* nilooi' _

Vnk ' lass elements from the Catholic )<> ■ nf|(| the 8S’,:J juc

'Wipation in the United Front Coin mitt Jt the

National Ballot. After the Nauo^d ;n cojrjgg

' its United Front activity and *, ^ft.rt,,co of ^

J’ dw- Congress of Toilers a Nauc«'d J n.#,ives ,ro,V..r> al^>
K,r'' which was attended by young ,s ,k‘lec-»*

uyan^1 vimug workers* Slussts youiik ''i>r

in the sending of the * 1 V'v°s

the Soviet i'li ion* ^ work. inner V^vi>

S|ti.r o. Ibis -1 n '"t4 ... |h0 KU* ■

tJLnsr rS S» —

GERMANY

1 COMMUNIST IK'I'ERKATIQNAI

hail brn deprived of leadership, moved
Parly and adopVil finally such an urtti-B
altitude thill the Party could iu>k*u*
i links, The League conducted a h

:i)l rt^es the young worker
union bureaucracy, muni
Y.C\ L. succeeded ill com !
(a votl ruble results.

In the vocational m Ii
gunised M rong movements
. omnrid inmisluncnt and 1 1

i ounler -rev* >] utii hi at y
them to remain in its
(UiltoO an the problems of the Party discussion ugaiiut the split.
ting tendencies of the expelled, with the result that the ultndtlt
opposition was entirely liquidated.

The Tenth League Congress, Easter igjy, marked the cor-
thisinn ot the process of political * larificalion, ami gave a pii u,t
,,l complete politicul consolidation ol the League. In conto-
di sti net ion to the Ninth Congress, which was still oversltadostd
In i he TatW discussion, the 'Tenth Cong, ‘‘>s cniihl ctawontrat* It*
chief attention to the practical tusks and the strengthening: uf man
work, initiated by the Ninth Congress. We can regard the >w
since the Hamburg League Congress, as a year of successful wort
and progress for the German League*

The Youth Day following the League Congress was 1*“
under the banner of struggle against the wai dm>g*r.
with the Party, the lasagne conducted a broad cumpaig* _
trigs and demoitsinuions against Imperialist iiitcrvcntion m Ch^

,uul for the defence of the Chinese S»l£

ools in varimiH I jiff cities flu* i ■ * -* ori"
i against srhoal rend ion, iirresiN anil
n* 1‘rinlnultif'tiDn of religious tenchiug.

The rising w;ivi* i »1 e* mioinir struggles and 1 1 ic at 1 1% jl v of the

L in them made il possible to improve the factory group

work, w hieli for had hren jm a very had slate, Particularly

during thr last six months tin- number <d factory groups bus

risen* In the firM place, the existing bn lory groups v\ ere (icti-

vist'd and played .in important role in l hr *■< finumu An

Of^ ainsatama! i oiifiretin1 ht'ld m Ilu- beginning of H)*H .showbill

already rich expenVmes and Niinrhsis of our factory group work,

an.! u ill great assist. mcc hi our further development of this
vi iu k.

’lii.- growing activity of iltc league in the economic and
]]■ »] 1 1 ft a I struggles hmmf as reflection ii

natations. In addition in the opposition
> mis it organisations, a strong oppo*iti<

*or the t (tiled Front t\i(h the Y C |

Youth League. rite discussion in the

airiif! "7n?r ‘’ff “! *tran# oppositional
^P®*. Westphalia, which r

L ■*'* X,M> m other districts manv mi
came over to the V l\J.. J m

Great progress was made in the tn.

*'**“■ ««*

* s Krv;i 1 assistance in

two. C^t:\h [n. ■"'W*- district

Here heli I n !“»**«'

and made ’* training work in 1

' 1 more »n terse ting.

The i ,'.‘S tnlivtninfr was also ex to,
g ‘‘P*' worked out a series of
mc, ,.tc R U ”'md " ( 1 'i vi ng Newspap

, • 1 he demonstrations, mot

U^*, : *°-day of an entirely di

' bccomo much more inters

i >y K|f||s xv'ith ilir \ f'1 r

imn^ work of the League,
tici once every year since 1925,
raining of the leading cadre of
during ihc last year, one to
hools and week-end schools
t groups was also enlivened

>74 VOUNO COMMUNIST INTRUNATIoNA!

The V.R.F.I*. have to-day .jo.ooo members only - *

whom are members <>!' the Y.C.L. The rest is .■ PLr Cl'm- of
p;iriy yOung w orkers. This organisation has thV'uE*? of "00-
against fascism and a^iiinst imperialist war, . MruKgle
anil demons Ira Lions are met with great sympathy bv 'thT11*'8"*

workers. A proof of tins are the mighty deiinmsir itmr, V®**
ihv nlamicd nrohibiiion of the lied i»v„v*** in t' s

' — - — - - , ,vt[, ;t svmpathk

ing organisation.

The Youth Day held in Chemnitz, Faster, 1928* ck-monstrtitH
the progress and activity of the Y.C\L. of Germany* This Youth
Day was attended by strong delegations from the Y,C.Lr ^
comrades from the Y.RJLIL, as well as by the young and adult
workers of Chemnitz, It proved the tremendous lighting spirit
of the Y.C*L.

The National Conference held in conjunction with the Youth
Day clearly pointed out and criticised the still existing short*
comings and weaknesses in the work of the League,

The main weakness of the League is its still unsatisfactory
number of members. In spite of the considerably increased acti-
vity of the League and its correspondingly increased influence
among the masses of the young workers it has not grown^ organi-
sationally. The successes in the recruiting work are being to*1
through fluctuation* Very weak is also the work in mass
sations , particularly among the hundreds of thousands of young
workers organised in sport organisations. *1 he anti-n>*hlans
work, the work in the countryside is still unsatisfactorj*
National Conference has adopted decisions to Strengthen thew_
in these Helds and to transform the still unplanned and ,rrCfe^
work into systematic continuous activity, l his will also ^
the League to overcome its organisational weakness- 1 llLJ * *
ti vc conditions for the League are favourable. Ylu ^ .

it self is strengthened and has gathered valuable experience
the last year of work. There are, therefore, all Pre'rtC* ^
Cor the German League to make progress during the next ]
and liquidate the still existing weaknesses.

FRANCE

of the French

this Congress a programme nf activities w:is drawn
demands for voting workers, peasants, *oklief$i and sailors put
forward. The Congress adopted a number of decisions which
served as a basis b>* the energetic tvnrk of the Leagtu* for the

» fa . J Jr- ■ _ s. J I Ian. % * P I Is

ilors put

* * ,,n,n ,Mn ’ /* v , 1 r in i ms coniiict

considerably rite- influx of new member* into the League

T„, .trike of young telcg raphists. 3,003 young iTt™
K part m 1 lus slrtke. \V were officially represented on strike

5; ;’r ■■ A partial sue, -css „ ult,d and

k ”,'p u,l> ork«nise,l among iho young- telegraphists.

this Sr it'"cfo2; *£°°t >'mm* participated in

men! under „ , s ? who Wcrc :,t head of the move-

to our demands. Afr'.-rX sTrikl^, C?mp<:l\ct' \? P*>' attention
lion in Vjmi v w-iii-r n, • kl ,onned « district organise-

... ■ ■ '*•' w<>rkcrs joined the Y.C.L.

.||, Kt -Ml lllll I.. .1 * a.

participated. 'I'lik ; ", us strike 1,500 young workers

in the Xorih-W,.., V,. ,MremtI> important industrial district
existed hlTC ” ranee. At that period no movement

District nearlv - " " ” >lc !° br,nff into the League in this

:t number of °f- V'£ ,0?al >oul1' '"u! to P**aniso

,,f i ss

... , ’ DC Lengue took active part, m t hese.

tin- second positive Jenim^ ,*< *■.

I'rthri, 1 - . 1 ,UM of t no economic work of the

League is 1 hr or^miUntinn or Ult

naunna| conferenas <>f vounr* t ^B r2* conferences and

>mu'K worker*. Campaigns for the

v . ° rr were conducted feTm FebrUarJ

+ hi) and from unc !o Orti>bcr. , lu,r-'

is m,* * t s ..m , ! ru »|r®nan of (hr conferences

,ler« r- («) v,e „r the %o.„t, and their

inlereM*’ Anu-mdi.anst stiu^clf mh.I th. defence of the

*ts of tl,e whhers. (3) Uic role and importance of the

;;'6 VOONO communist internation.,

N «nin*i Communist League. Apart from .hi *L

importance were of cour.se also diticuskud. ’ qutst,on* <

( >1 1'tc »>'<• lir*l |» r i. ,1, from Febr uarv to \t,
held, youth delegates takini' i/r, . ' ,fi «

°f hc4

X7£!? **d of Trade Unkiht <”» >•*

| C..., Over r,s°<. young we rkcr,

Uit* League* 1

l‘he Conferences called from June t.» ry,.,,,!..
pupated an< 9 met with greater success j. tlJ i(A "l're
iMris District, a3 local conferences ZTo callS

.... the local confe..-n..s „ IW l>i..,ri.-i eonftrmcr »«3

m which 5oo comrades participated, over Cxi per cent. beWu».
organised. h

Fifty-one conferences were held in tho provinces with 3,500
delegates participating; 850 being unorganised. Apart from ike
attM r men turned conferences, six peasant youth conferences
took plat i\ l he object oi iIicm* was the preparation of a naiiorur
< CMijjrcss ol workers and peasants. ,\i this Congress 500 young
workers and peasants participated, 450 being tlckgatos from
various organisations, \ob delegates belonging to HO organisa-
tion^. I here were also delegates front the army and the navy
At this Congress the first French Youth Delegation to die SA
was elected.

In the sphere of trade union work import am successes
made. Relations with the Genera] Unitary Confederation 0*
Labour were strengthened, and we first took active pari » 1 *
Conference in 1925. A resolution on the question of the Yy
greatly aided 11s in our further work. This Conference servo ^
a starling point tor wide activities on the part ot the L1
trade Union work. All our demands for equal rights, etc,,
adopted.

A N T UM I LI T A R 1ST W O R K

During the first half of 1925, after the decisions of
t \mgress, the question of an* i-militarLst work a€r|tatk>o

at conferences of young workers, and correspoo 1
conducted during the preparations for these ^ beg**1

In 1024-25 the colonial wars in Morocco ant * | yam®?
Together with the Party and trade unions. ^

Tommimist League was very active in CoinnulU-®*^ 0f C^'
fighting against the wars, and during the or gam Stated fof th»
fercnces by the Committees of Action the Leagtu - k aJpi

calling ri parellel Conferences of young workers.
these conferences was the struggle tor clement*! >

FRANCE l77

* ■. * „ » ,tf.nn-|p aeaind war. Several such

Mti-mililariftt agitation and struggi* aga

conferences were held, over 700 delegates taking pm 1*

Tin- iinii-niililiirisl work ot the League i« ml its Ifchl »Kain»C
the vvar i„ Morocco Wire not limit.*! to part .npa « ion ... Ilict om-
)tli,UTs of Action. We conducted three special ai.n-rmhtanst
campaigns having clear and defame aims. Dra« «|f •«*© the cam-
paigns nil recruits, :,cc|uaitilmg '!><* workers with Hie demand* of
tlir soldiers. the struggle ng-iin*1 militarism such were the aims
of our campaigns. I hiring “Anti-War Week" (jihI August,

1 1> ’ . wi* popularised our slogans anti ISoJsln vist tactic of war
against war. This mi i\ ity urcuilj increased our influence amtini'
the v jmng H..rkt i', soldiers ami sailors.

EDUCATIONAL wohk and training of

I.HADINti CADRES.

Tlir t 1nt1.1I I'liminitin's .ndt iivourcd in every wav to train
.fistri.t Jinn lionarivs (district secretaries, Organisers, etc.). For
fit- purpose six eiKht-ilay curses and one central course was
ir d. 180 comrades went through the ettrl.t-day courses The

ks" "T clarification of the

sr> PrcPa ration for practical work. In

n:,;: Th.! <1‘7 COUrse "V **»van:sed, 2, comrades taking

amongst vh^H'wcrc'Vvn i** *9*6, had 55 participants,

latiffues. („ ‘Prcsrntatives o( the Belgium and Italian

organise] DcsnioV e ngJu- and fifteen-day courses were
priduci ': of X ZZu %'*’ in *cncp"1 'Recourses were
Hfcwwr. .1,,, ,?r >",r h,vc «u*H m.

.lemands preparation anil

" 1 omradcs participating.

PROGRESS of the press.

lilirinc (I.,, i r

aiiprovcd. ij, *n- . ,l" years our Press lias considerable
published hi ' ° 103 °r?*'ln of the IjCafTue “ L'Avantgardc. “

«f 1,000 -lIU, °rt,VKiU,y’ !,ad a subscribers’ list

•915, it v'.;^ J :Vt.LiUl.a n V-f , 8-oc>° c°Pics- Jo September,
viul of M;,v* It, , . ‘ . Pl,bbsh the paper weekly. At the
v'Hl)[-rs inVn A *. int,, *‘st. to 11,000, and the number of sub-

Ukm,. Dl r . °.vtr 2*ow- J" Connection with strikes
weeks ;“:c 5 ■,I pt'rt°‘ T** Vf,ili°ns ^ issued, and some

'9*7 38 t, 7 "V rei,SVd ,U> , ' 3 "«* '3 thousa.ul co, res. |„

" !IT1S7 ,hou^d, s,ow>> The average sales
->f the ‘°7lS’ Y l\ subscr,f»on list of 3,ooo. The character
CorreX Y a.S :' \ SOmCwh:,,t : a networ k of young worker
ft* i ' P1 “ dents has beeii organised. A special weekly was issued
nt 1 an* district with the idca.tf obtaining a sale of S ooo

i;S

YOl'NR COMMUNIST IXTKrxatiov

A I,

copies. Amongst tin* young workers OUr

Kr.-,l.-r popularity. I |r,„„ vari,^""-^""'

Sill I'l'ssltl lllflll nor a.. I... .. .■ . ,lH.ll|[ir.s

s KfiMIt.
• :,t»l tly

, ■ lwwv a had the f„« ‘

sales : m 1935, 20,000 copies n, the first half :tll(t , ln8

the second ; in 1926/27, 50,000 copies. ‘ ur®f

Kef's nlinff publications n (feeling the army, the safas
Caserne Barracks ** grew in the following maimer 1934,

1025. 12,000; 1926, 16,000; 1027. « 8.000 ; u,2S, 21,000. btsoite

the great tlilliculties which accompany the spreading of this puljli.
cation, it is widely rear! in the army. The 21 ,txxi copies publish'd
at the present moment, taler for not less than ho-Ko thtniiaml
Mtldicr*.

Jean le ( ion in 11 published in .4,000 enpirs in iq*s.

Till-; PH RIO l> I»26-1!IK7.

Here we must mention two important aspects of our
work i economic trade union struggle ami anti-miliiarist
work. Regarding the first, our League lias played an

■* V ■* ■ ' m V W T -s -r w * mm ^

active part during the struggles in the period ol ike economy
crisis of Our activities amongst the masses ol tinernplo)^

' I •■SJI ~ l/l **#*"*. 111 lU | I \ II IL-21 ■ MVfl -

young workers are to he seen in the industrial etnurreneo
organised under the auspices of the Y.C. L* Several O ^
meetings met with satisfactory success, and they had Kr'aV ,

. * . : „ t.,.*. rtf iirinreaniW

iiKT. nigs met vvun saiisuu tt'i ) ,niv ' ^ /

porta nee in view of tin* fact lliat a great number of unnrgjnL
young workers participated in them. I he.se eonferemts ctjj ^
us to determine methods of contact with young ^

ployed in industry, for the struggle against capitalist r®
tsation. 'Hie Unitarian Trade Unions were prepare! ■ * *.c

the initiative of the Y.C.L and to assist US* Meetings ' ^

between the committees of the various 1 rade i n i< ‘ti ^ ^fer-

■ i rtf i 1 14.IP f

imuv uuiutiNft I lie i .V< I >vrci ^

the initiative r>f organising demonstrations of unr!r1^ u|,^iry i!'
workers before the Municipal authorities and the ■ ^

Labour. Despite the absence of experience in this wor ’ ■ gg|j if

van he recorded in so far as the* organ isn*tOn <>l 1 1( U*

concerned, and also in that several demands were 1 Trm*c*fir

W Vi * - - ^ jP* _ . „--w j k r Vl 1 1| c* F* #• -a,

I4ti - . ftiruKvV

also played an energetic part in a number of (;r0nOTr nft*4er^

( 1 11 r I f 1 m ■ i - rt. r j r ■ 1... / rirtilf'l 1 T nit at \ J

1' U AN civ

170

* *radc — c,,n"

t irtinuriant uceisnp*^

3* anj 'kVo ^ 'in' uwicr st <»f our position in the

successes,1 we will rile figures of you*
Ration in the leading organisations.

1„ the Central KM. ut.ve Committee of the < om . - >

nifiT-r- »( .he L«B«* Kv two "'.''"A'i.il .mion,

;v*nuniltccs of I'nions — engineers, live nuinjj. s. fQOCi workers,
• -i i. . wuoihv < irkers, two; derks, two; mm.irs. I.u* . ‘ ; »

tk«; builders, three; chemical workers, two ; leather vvor her
sr.! furrier'., two; postal and tele^rapth clerks, two ' .

In regional organisatiuns, of which lln te arc -5*. xc _M . »
^presented at the most by two— three young workers v_*
means the numlier **( youth representatives is ne*tr > - jflSt

1 hen: are nearly **500 district trade unions*^ £ _ joo

su'Vtedcil in tbiainitvg vouth representation in

d such unions. Eiglt*.v-five per cent, of these youth r p
lives an- members of the V.C.I.. It 's true that our _ same
*e*ki hut nevertheless they conduct some work. ■ ,r,de

tin)f. in ‘.he majority of eases, our work is conducted _ . ^w.

dimugli our contact with the youth ofttcui >- .jc pt>s-

^0us position in the trade union movement ant jn tjlc

'j'lihtsvv of work have made possible in a new J . ‘ ej0p it in
^onomic work of the League, which is striving
- of the trade union movement. 1027

Ihc most important factor in y>tlf reserves for

S - th* slf«Bgte against the ralJwt^P cases of

for

_ : , llc druggie against int ■ s;Kly cases «■

During that year there _ Ranging from

Of regiments or divisions n^mnst ; Elective

^Ikrtivc refusal to shave to clestrurtJ^J* ■ with red

. ' ICtidnncc on the doctor f walking t fjjscontcnE among*'

?"ner!‘, mass refusal to form up, <*«■■ . ..ir triiimnfT. (olJnt ,!!'
he M, 1,1 ; , . ..... .-.ret attempts at »•" ... by the

^llrg

YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

«l nctivr members were iri.-cl, many for their 9tru , .
others fm- iiiiti'inilitnrist work during

timing IMW conscript* wjjs also a feature of this - i
nntkmftl rampniirns. Die yearly orirnnisatioi, , m*‘ Ow
Vmith Week been me tht* real monopoly 0f our ] , ,

M-.ir the import anil- of ihU campaign increase*
trn- organised in Iht* centre of the town, and

; " . ‘ numerous It* a - ,

factory meetings licit], and at the end of the week in in 4

districts a central demonstration is held. This \Yt*ck

popularity anil becomes a tradition, ^ m

Anti-militarist campaigns sue organised twice yearly* nn -v-
during each recruiting period. In March and October
propagandists arc sent for a month ali over the country. It U
necessary to remark amongst the forms of this work the organic*
lions of new conscripts, meetings of Communist conscripts and
Sympathisers ; at all such meetings a speech on the role of the
army is made, and on the importance of struggle and the nuce&ili
of organisation within the barracks, etc* These campaigns tic*
crane traditional, and at the end id each such campaign the results
*ife carefully considered in order to find out the defects and
mistakes in the work

\onrt from this, the Party anti trade unions conduct other
campaigns in which our League takes active part, puts forward
its own slogans and demands anil sends i*s propagandists to
meetings and demonstrations (Da) of the Commune, Anniversary
of the imperialist war, Demands for amnesty). The Y.C.L, ua*
able to use the election campaign for its ant i-nuiitarist :tg italics
and for preparation of ist May celebrations.

MEMBERSHIP FOR THE LAST YEARS,

On the 31 st December, 192*1, there were 1 1
bership cards in existence with 44,836 stamp*-
December, 1925, 16,000 membership cards wiiii

stamps. It can be seen that the membership ol _
League considerably increased. This growth was the logics * ^
cuine of the economic and anti-militarist agitation, conduce* ^
the League after the 1934 Congress. But in the following)^
there is a numerical decrease in the membership* A eonsn ^ ^
number of new members were made, but at the samt
number of fluctuating members kicreasctL 7 his demandet
attention, and it was necessary to seek out such methods
.is would strengthen the loyalty of young workers to the ork;^cSf
tion, and to open a wider field for political nctivriv- ^^(ice-
questions stand before the League. An improvement t* ■ _ ^
able, but it is necessary to say that wc have not yet *’°m*
settled thi& extremely complicated problem.

FR*

NCfc

ISI

(> Zto prove a certain sia» '■ infi slnti0nary.

pies’-"1 nion*1*1 ,ry phase, a* <he ' <- .1~

■» <m Urn JL» Of younff workers.

e,e4iy Ii»» s«« 1 ‘ ,nlr intluasoe anil our membef-

^;:«-V':;“-lSa.u.,,loa .*», am. » -

of Utis diflwulty.

GREAT BRITAIN

.. •“iv',;r* ,l"' .l,ri,i‘h y.c *- ,rom p>™d 0i

IwHirih W tind i ongress, Us participation in the great si ,
df the Hritish proletariat have railed the importance of the y t i
mul its rAU* as a lighter in the strongest imperialist country :mxC
world. In during the period of the MacDonald Government
the Vi(\L* revealed to the young workers the imperialist ncflkx
of the Labour Government (Uunbing of natives in Iraq, prttuiv
lions or war against China and the S,l\). l or the first time
work amongst the at my and the navy on a large scale,
began. In the General Election the League played an active
part : 15,1x10 leaflets were distributed, three special numbers of the
Young worker " published, each with a sale of 10,000 copies
and a special programme of youth demands was put forward in
the election campaign conducted by the Party* In Ikilterst),
where the only Communist Member of Parliament was elected, the
League placed an active part in the Party campaign* la the
economic field, the l eague successfully conducted a campaign
amongst young workers employed in the metal anti shipbuilding
trades. In when the Government answered the murder of

the Governor-General in Egypt with an ultimatum and repression,
the League was active in the ** Hands oil Egypt " campaign, ^ !
demanded the evacuation of British troops from hgypL
December, 1034. the enlarged Executive dealt with the question
of Tiotskyism and imani molls h supported the i .P.S.I - afia
Comintern in the struggle against the opposition*

The successes achieved in 1924 made possible the
publication of the ** Young Worker,'* which hitherto ha
published once a month. The terrible conditions of the
leil the League to conduct a campaign amongst the young 11 a
The League answered the attack on the railway workers ^
special campaign amongst young railway workers* ^f0lin^
demands and a programme was put forward for t lC -
workers in these industries which met with great p°(
especially among the young miners. These campaign ^ jnttl
net' icd with the campaign or organisation of young to

the unions* The League commenced paying more a icidrtfl15

tfi® Pioneer movement, and in a number of districts c i0
<>: ganisations began to spring up. The League sho^*1 ^ pnib‘
be active in the campaign for International Trade b
and for unity with the Soviet Union as a
the \v:u perpa rations* Successes were also establish# 11

GREAT BRITAIN

I $3

tioinil work, and *

nv League Syllabus was i»su<
conducted in a» Uriels.

On the nth and nth July, 1925. ‘he Congress 0/ the UagUO
.... ... E. st. i This LWress may be characteriied

issued and itlimy

fook p,ace in Manchester. This Congress may be characterised
a congress of Holshevisaiion. Important resolutions «ere
;bosc on increased trade union activity, on the formation of factory
e roups, on training work and on the United Front. In the
summer of ttjas the League conducted active propaganda against

oiil in I’omieetinn uhli I lit* rethieltfin of fheir wages by five per
ten*., t he League miiiiJu* led a i umpaigii among the youngs textile
workers, mti J ahlmtigl; its ton es among ihr \rning Textile workers
wvtr not very great, milt'll aetivilv was shown, and new recruits
ui-ir made by (lie League* 1 fie League also conducted a earn-
iviitfn with special demands for young unemployed. Meanwhile
OR' posuinn Of die miners was becoming more and more critical,
,,n‘ 1,1 it'cr,‘for*- strengthened its campaign among the

iZLrz:; i'r,i'c- -l* »< £ z

VI t ,s>ufd ;i pamphlet for young miners

ro::1 dis,ri' ts« ‘he influence of

the I.c'umi,. ’ ,,,sir,cis. toe influence of

Tuo r I young miners increased considerably.

Ac ll bL 0? *fi:"'on «H- V.CX. to
V.C.L.. together with , c ;*«**«,» of the L.P. Congress. The
affiliation, U*I ,, conducted a broad campaign for

affiliation. ^ ronaueieu a broad campaign for

Vout h ml* H°r a Vnitcd front w!th Hie I.L.P. Guild of

where conducted u't! sec,l®ns of thc labour Party was every.

ntadc in coniic -f ' !• l ^ ^'ergy. Mistakes and waverings

were rectified* h" "Ii' * a®bation Of the united from tactic,

a sJ , ! , ' thc .<r«ntral Committee by means of

la Ihe A , P W,th,n the rj>nks of the i.eague.

|t1 Autumn of 19J5 thc General Secretary of ijtc

*&£' ,.OK«l,,cr 'V the ,cadcrs of the Party, s£od before
•««£ kJ “ ^ *«*«ecd to twelve months imprison,

the |^,rf «nip.gn conduced by the league, toother with
libtn,' ,y' *hc M' monty , Movement and the I.C.W.P.A. for thc

•uiuiay young workers under the leadership <,f tjK. y C 1
^*rched to the gates of the prison, and there demonstrated their
-apathy with the imprisoned Communists. h, London :md
■*vcral other places we were able to draw the f.L.P, Guilds of

I S , YOX T NC ; C( >M M u N I ST I NTERKATiox \\

Youth into this campaign. At the Conference
Guild of Voulh, held Raster, 1926* the C.C. of i|le | thc
an otter of a united front, but this was defeated T>\

25* At this period (he l,l«P. Guild of Youth had " a‘^c ' ?ei
their figures, a membership of 9,000. Despite the ’refuel f **
united front, the Y.C.h. strengthened its work in this
and numerous United Front Committees were set up on
of demands for the trade union organisation of young worlds
the release of 1 tic twelve Communists, and for the sending of j
Young Workers* Delegation to the Soviet Union, Thousand*^
copies of the pamphlet on the United Front were distributed.

The Conservative Government* having finished its prepare
tions for an attack on the miners, provoked the General Strike o'
May, 1926. The General Strike, which the young as well as the
adult workers conducted with enormous enthusiasm, was tint**
peeled by the General Council itself* Every member of tta
League "understood that the time of trial had arrived, and
answered the call by unflagging activity* In all Sirike Commit*
tees and Committees of Action the "S ,i .L, had its delegates. T|
C.C* sent practically all its members into (he important imluMrh*
areas, leaving at the Centre but a small bureau. DfcspUc MfL
police surveillance and almost hourly' raids, 2, 000 copies o L*

M Young Striker ** were distributed daily in London* %n
several other large towns. During the days of the Genera ' **
the League distributed 60,000 leaflets. I he LL. ♦ pU*
Youth and the Youth Sections of the Labour Party
disappeared from view as organisations, and only ■

Front Committees or Left Wing organisation cnisIc* . < ' ^

work under the guidance of the Y*C.L- ^ considtr^^ \^thc
of active League members were arrested during this P°n ^ Coty*
coal districts the League was active in organising c
against the attacks of the police. The League
agitated for the participation of young workers
,n 'he strike, for the defence of apprentices in c^cn
of agreements and for youth representation ori k of '

Action. the immediately' visible results of lb1 '' } f ter tht
League was that 200 new members entered its ranks. < ^ ^
betrayal or the General Strike, the Y.C.L* conccnti^*^ ^
energies on supporting the miners* lock-out* A jfW w-crf 1?
was conducted, and for nine months young ComniuniW ^
V>e found in the front ranks of the struggle. Rutl,l*7 lUc irJ*
of the tactics of the General Council and the i *t up,

1 Urtl°?f‘ Ihc struggle and tried to

considerably strengthened the influence of the
the young workers. The Pioneer organisation played * ^ of
m Lite coal districts in the ...nnuri of the cW

GREAT BRITAIN

tfts

- **«-

j.w.rs „as the testing period of Ihc Y.U.i,.,

miners v\ .i-
Harried out

earrita ir of tlic first British V.*oth

Thy campaign r I £ of l>y the for the

delegation to «h« S.U. *». ma<lc u ■ tlwninJr of

suppor. of .IH- f„r the «,»««!. «(.•»•»«

national I rail). I tn< i -■ ..f .1,,, .-fininak'n was

nanona. access of the campaign was

ZSSFZSf** * - *£

attention of the workers and their (manual resources v.cre being
... li.t the miners in their struggle. In September, 192 >.

nt^ntinn ot l (if wwisu? wi*w . r

directed f> aid the miners in their struggle. In September, 1 92 ,
ihr Youth Delegation left England and remained in tin . fur

owr mv weeks, On its return it conducted lv*de propaganda

a truing (lie young workers.

In ihv middle of December, 1926, the Fourth Congress of the
League uas held in Sheffield. The successes of the League
during (hi- miners* lock-out were recorded, and plans for the
strengthening of 1 lie organisation and the formation of factory
groups worked out. The League showed great activity in the
campaign for support o! the Chinese Revolution. Leaflets were
distributed among soldiers and sailors, ami propagandists were
scut to the most important ports. The League sent its delegate

to thr Congress of the League against Imperialism, which was
held in Brussels.

Hie League participated in the working out of the political
Itw of the Parry in the agitation for a general strike as a means
"/ s*M|ggle against war preparations. When the Baldwin
Government broke off diplomatic relations with the S.LL in May,

1 f f y * * , * n ^ur conducted wide propaganda a ga i n st t h e been k
,u war preparations on the S.LL In the economic field

iamp'itgn among unemployed young workers against the re*
titulars hlaiu-shiirgh Bill was carried out The Children's
/ *l^tlr u(ns mobilised for struggle against the ** seditious teach-
y^S 'be middle of June the Second Congress of the

ll,,r,1f ^ 0|nrndes* League was held, at which it was decided to

^ hiklren' s Delegation to S.LL This Delegation left for
1 :t] ‘s** I » despite the refusal of the Government to issue the re-

^wred passports and despite the vicious campaign of the bourgeois
After a three months* stay in the S.tL, the delegation
jdurnecl and conducted a wide campaign. The Congress of tfie
Guild of Youth, which took place at Bastcr, 1927, dis-
, JR*<I Ihc- large growth of Opposition within it^ ranks and the
1[l|,r n« r of t lio League. Counter-resolutions were put forward
LMinst each rc^soiulion. resolution t*r a Lnitrd h'ront with

V.cy Lp ivas defeated by a narrow majority of 29 against 24
^tes. The fight for a united front was intensified and ft Left

6 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

VV inf* Committee organised. The UaifUC shn** . ^

n» Hu- «ampaiKn against t he Anti-Trade Union iS, Bre*‘

|itr rn General Strike. It conducted wide prop *?*

of the Vienna Uprising in July, an<l tether' wiiV^h
. r^ iniMd mass demonstrations throu.'houi »i„. thc p*n»
freeing of Sacco and Vanzetti, B *hc co,lnt0 for «£

As a result of the activities of the Uavue rtKltK„i
Imm the London Group of the British Workers* Soor ' ?*“
turn was sent to the S.U., in reply to the invitation of the RiT-
trade unions On their return a report was issu«] in

fonm rwo delegates of the Y.C.L. took part in the celL™£
" ,h*: Anniversary of the First Congress 0f ft*

Socialist \outh International m Stuttgart. The League um
active in the Struggle of the miners, particularly in the Durham
area. It replied to the threatened attack against the textile
workers by an energetic campaign, issuing leaflets, and putting
forward special youth demands. At the Ninth Party Con^m*
a practical resolution on the support of the League by the Party
was adopted.

When the leader of the Boy Scout Movement* Raden-Pmvtll*
commenced his campaign for the collection of ^50,000 — for
struggle against the Y.C.L. , t lie League replied by a counter-
campaign p which extended to the ranks of the Boy Scout
Movement*

I he League energetically supports the struggle of the Party
fur new leadership in the trade unions. Successes have betn
achieved in the Life shire and 1 Lanarkshire areas, where the Party
have obtained leading positions in the miners' union, and other
important mining districts.

A Second Youth Delegation was sent to the S. U- on
occasion of the Tenth Anniversary of the October RcmiIu*3^-
The decay of the LL,i\ Guild of Youth had increased, and in^
opposition was particularly strengthened, thanks to the canipajk
of the Delegation and the publication of the resolutions o
Congress of Young Friends of the S-U. J he Manifesto ®
Delegation, which called for unity on the basis of a fevo ^ Qf
programme, was signed by a number of leading mem er's rjsing

of th
Cong

v ijiijji kh 1 OUlTg * 1 iivij vi mv *** ^ ■ - — | tianio

Delegation, which called for unity on the basis of a rt^° u , ^

LL.P* Guild of Youth* In connection with the Canton P
the League conducted propaganda for the support of t ^ yaC,t~
Revolution. In November, 1927* the first Xationa

School was organised . .. , 0j youth

In H128 the complete break-up of the LL.P- C»ui f

^iinu^

linamf visible. At tlx- V.C.L. Congress, liikmu _!>• th<

*. mil !. 1 Unt *•*( tlin Q/’fifti vh Divisional t

taneously with that of the Scottish Divisional e -0|1
I.L.F. Guild of Youth, representatives of this orgom * ^ (
Si othmd and other districts, spoke as fraternal deicg.i 1

GREAT BRITAIN ,S?

-£“S ■Sfr

VOO,^l°’tS^ e*« in the a.ruggl.

lajrrial Peace propaganda and parleys on , he part

«. rtt The Fifth Concrrcss of the League, which u.ts tu i i a

the end of March, displayed dearly the ^ re.it political development

of the League, the strengthening of its influence m .1 mim r

industries, and (lie strenfcthvninK of the organisation..

CHINESE Y.C.L.

Ntn« r (hi

• IttM \\ orlil l iiii(;rr,» pvat chan..

plm-* m H»r Chinrve League. Ironi » small
htmlrniA it ha* devcloprtl into a mu*. ot yanis ,»iunK ? 'L:i,,<'n
lurian youth. With th ph-led ranks, but with the rich *

o| ''rnisthe league, afu-r the Wuhan event* (indhR
irijy) became illegal* ' ***“

l l> to the lime of i hr lasl Congress of the YX.t the Of
L**gw barely numbered i.ooo members, who were "in in ^
student*. The majority of the organisations were situated b i
few Inrgc towns (Shanghai, Canton. Chnn-Sha, Pekin). fa\U
university towns, they had print u ,dly no relations with the pro
u-tanmi young workers, and il t less with the young pea^nu

In that period, the mass unik of the League was mainly eomJiKid
r mong the students* The work inside the organisation *u*
adapted to its student membership, and its educational sork
suffered from bring too abstract, Hu* Committees of the Leapt
were not organised according to fields of work, but accordinj; r
the class of the membership (Students* Department, Workers/ ati*J
Peasants' Department). Only in the Spring* of 1915 dal tk
YX\1. associate itself with the wide political movement, on the
arrival of Sun«Yat*Sen in the North.

The Shanghai events and the General Strike in Shanghai and
1 long -Kong which followed, ns also the boycott of foreign
were the bftiift of the work of the League. The \ A . I.*
leading role in all these events. Y,C-L.*ers were
workers' trade unions and committees in order to etfeet the )
colt. Frmn this period, the basis of the work of the League*^
membership and the type of its work completely
Already in 1935 the League was reorganised on a.nc''
tione were the Workcis" and Peasants* Departments in 1
miuecs which were formed tike the usual Y .CL orga^sn _
Factory Groups were set up in the large towns. The ^ * haika
tieipated in several economic struggles. pirns-

broadened urn! launched out into new places. j jt . ^ jyj

which was held in October, 1925, in Pekin, the mein ^ r Chi^
already reached 3,000, The organ of the League.

Youth," became the only popular youth journal* .a*11 *_ the
steadily increased. In the South of China* in ^uari ^
first attempts of the Y.C\L at conducting work *r,m
peasants were made. In Canton the League or*?^ fiqLiicb*
together with the revolutionary forces, took pari in
K ion of the reactionary coup.

Re* hav«- u^_

d I ^

lfw»

CHINA

, . ■ , t,a„ue for 1 hr first timr formulated it*

Ai this pen°d, the L . h . . ,u .he trade union*.

economic programme and rurnrd ,. thw* , j„ Honan.

Sc vend new District iommutee. - , „f

Wunan and Hupeh, nnd in dir North .1 Norintr

economic programme •"»* " ...ised in Honan.

Several new District tromm.i tees were d of

VVunan ami Hupeh, and in the North .» Nurim

ihc League was set up. h-ulinir part in various

Several V.C.I.. organisatums pl->yf« .1 U .* k I . ,

important events, for instaiuc : in f ** .xvrinl member*

.trike of workers. For a. live work m 1 ■•»».*«*" « ' * ™l ™

of the Lenj-uc were Uheiidcd. I he work inaalc <>* ' x ""

sktcraNv improved. The political .-.In. .ilioii.il work whs adapted
in liver rV-qutrcmrnl* of the young workers, loget her with the
Party, a w fi> *1 lot ihr i raining oi lending nu mbers in the C entre
and \orth «d China, organised.

In i hr I K*g inning *»f 1926, after thi* di frar t>f I1hi urmy of
Kut^Sitn-Iane and t hr Nr« mtl LioplrV Army in lb*nan, the work
of League I ms a trie mirr difFindl owing in reaction. Tli$

organi'.it ions of Anon fTsiang "Lt), Darren Tsingtnn and Henan
imtv broken up, and I he Shanghai organism ion also suffered.

I X; 'spite the entranie of many new member^ into the League its
total numb* 1% i]nl not inrrrasc.

D iriuL; ibiv ji ^ ioi I a ills* u^>iofi tinik place in the I^cagtie <>ti
ihc cpirsiuiii .5 ;i Noting K iiomintang. The Canton Committee
put foruaiij ; J a suggest Son ilia i a Young Kuomint;ing shnuh! Im:
(jfgdniMtJ on tin sime basts as thtr old Ktiomintang in or*lcr to
5*"^ , youth into thi- national-revolutionary movement. The

/ .V llof ;ICf<r 1 suggestion, although the decisions of
r_ 1 *>urth \ .L C ongress had foreseen the necessity for the
orm.it ion * . sirnilaj organisation in C hinn, As the question of
.1 ot mg Kuonuurang is part of the colonial question at the forth*

Hinig wgress, \h.c oinii here the arguments both for and

•gainst.

^ ^ r qui-xtinn, further work amongst students was €ils*

^ !;uge number were in favour of the formation of

I £ F1* f n v t 111 III t VII 1 V I illC I If E I J I 1 1 I ■ I f « I IF|

rJ stuf[r:it Iragucs of youth and f«>r a split of the students'
1^Vl Which whs under the control of the League. This

^IfgeMion was not agreed to, as at that period the mass of
''tU(kntN Mill worked for the revolution.

T<>r the first time discussion on methods of work amongst
Peasant youth were raised. It was decided to form youth sections
* * Leas; mt Cnions and to Utilise all possible im\irvs for the or can-

, 1 t mons anti to utilise au possible me.uns lor the organ-

J nation of the youth into the peasant unions.

All this time the T-eague C.C. paifl greatest attention to the
America! increase of Its organisation.

Tor the first lime young workers commenced active partici-
pation in the work of the League. For this purpose, town dis*
bkt committees were enlarged, meetings of secretaries of factory

1 qq

VOI NT! COMMUNIST 1NTF.RNATI0„

(Troup* ami workers in trade unions were in,titnt i
only in .0*6 did Uu* V.C. I, lake steps for lhc AV £"J finally
Ptoiwcr movement throughout China. The first . ,sahonof4
v,:, organised in Canton and Shanghai :il (£1?' lu?r ««k»i

in 1926 the organised development of the pioneer mJ? '9*5-
tneni'etl. The V.CM,. was forced to have several di.se ”m
the Shanghai trade unions as to the cliaracter of the in 'V"1’’' wi,t'
isntion. The Shanghai trade unions suggested t hat The
organisations .should limit themselves to cultural tasks a 'T**
take part in the economic struggle of the young workers™ Tw
V.C.L. stood for the participation of the pioneers in the ecomrit
struggle, since the pioneers consisted for the most part of chiUm
of workers who were not protected by the unions. Similarly ih*
theory that the pioneers should form n unified organisation of thi
Kuomintang type was not agreed to. The C.C. of the Leagw,
who stood for the point of view that the class struggle within
the Kuomintang would develop and become stronger with the
growth of the revolution, rejected this theory and worked for ih.
formation of pioneer organisations based on the class struggle,
formally under the guidance of the trade unions, but actually con-
trolled bv the Y.C.I..

■ar

With the development of the national revolution, the work
of the Y.C.L. also gr ew. During the most successful period of
the national revolutionary movement, the V,C.L. grew to 40,00*
members and 1 20,000 pioneers* The \’,C*L participated tn tbt
struggle for Shanghai, Wuhan, Honan and other towns. H
many places the League led strikes of young workers, and
hundreds of propagandists into the villages* for the organisation
of peasant leagues* The Y.C.L played a leading pari in mV
peasant trade unions and leagues* In Shanghai the League pu
tished three daily papers for young workers during a period
two months.

The Fifth Congress of the Chinese Teague played a ircny*
<.ous roUr, and considered the results of the work of the U&R
m a11 spheres. It took place in June. 1927, in Huhan. The l«j
gress laid down the line for work among voung workers ■
peasants and drew up ;i programme of economic demands app
able to the changed situation. The Congress recognised «h-

,c'>rir,f'1 form of work amongst peasant youth ^
crcatTT of " *! s*Pedal >0l,Ul s«'tions of peasant unions and
™ ?:"'V"-v *P°rt. ****** of the peasant youth- J <*

t nn f V ?;.,spec,nl >r’L,',) sections of peasant unions »■« .

* miht.itj sport leagues of the peasant youth' ■ ,

,h<: — -Vffi £3* w** Tc k

^glMB n„,v,m™, i„ ,|,c flrst hi, the V-OJ:

alocj ' Thousands of young Communists u cf

A very great role was played by the League in the s‘u^

organisations
m mated.

CHINA J

gainst opportunism within - Tie* U self" wiiht’lT'uesolurioM

die League, was the lust ■ intern and fought lor its

of tin* Seventh Plenum <>( 4 , *t.,. i.u.timr irrmio of the

cIli rI,iLT the fail ol \\ unan, wm-n ^ t

, hvious opiJortuniM mistake*, Juul finite openly sabotaged the in-
struct ion A>f the CM. The C.C. of the League during ilia penml
ivholeheariedly sdpjx-rted the CM., and openly cnUeised the C.C.
nf ifn- p-irtv Ijffort1 iht* IJarty niasM Actually the i X. L. during
tha! period wits ifie or^;ioisiil.on;il centre of struggle Ugninst
oportirntein within the Party, and n* the League can be attributed
:i great role in the forma! ioin of a new guiding Party centre.

The increasing rein linn dustrtned man) \ ".CM., organisations
and at the >;mir time caused a number of tendencies to appeal
within the League, of which the most dangerous was putehism,
A struggle %wi> conducted against this. The other side was van-
guardism, an endeavour to put forward the Y.C.L. in place of the
Ar trie Xoveiillief Plenum of the C.C.'*, the vanguan fists
u,iS defr*itrd, Apart from Mas, there was a group which endea*
vour. d to prove the necessity of liquidating the Y*C,L,t the motive
U>r b;;mK t!u* necessity of strengthening the Party.

Nr- liquids! tnrs were successful in Canton, where actually the
K lai^.i, it m u.k fused With the Party. I'he same position held
m several districts under Soviet control. The C.C* of the
, .ii.k M a .igiif fights against these tendencies. In the main it Is
* Sl J® >4,i‘r the Y,C, L. is ridding itself of these devia-
1 ■* lowing the lead of the last Plenum of the Y.C.L
#i ‘ } 1 *** PrL>>vnt moment the League has tQ,ooo members. The
^ ] uloli suffered the largest losses were the Canton,
|l^ J 4 Ko1™' organisations. The Shanghai organisation at

, present mumnit is the best and strongest in the League and
ic greatest influence among the young workers.

}]lv role of the young workers during the last period has
*on\3drralily increased among the active elements of the League,

< Junior j| the training and bringing forward ol active workers in—

« ertaiu difficulties, In some organisations of the League
,fl< 'rt- existed strong ant i-int dice tiiiwl tendencies.

In Hu new ph;c i- (>t l hi* Chini'sv Revolution, the V,(M.. takes
JEs pliii c numerical! v weaker, but greatly sl rcngthenetl in <|Uality,

POLAND

Thf Fourth V Cimkfn^st which laid down in * *
resolution the line nf work Of tin* Polish Uague far tfir *^7**
period italm thiil 11 the main task was to bring the Lcagur"^*®

to the politii iil life of the P;trt\( and to strengthen and
(he general political activity of the League in all its spheres of
work * * *

All the work of the Polish League after the Fourth Congrtfi
was conducted along this basic line. The League took pan 1$
all questions which came before the working class and before the
Communist Party of Poland.

It was most active in the internal life of the Party, m tV
sieving of difficulties standing in the path of the Communist m \ *
merit in Poland, in the working out of the political anil tnctkj
line of the Party.

This fact explains why the WC.L. as a whole lias grown W
considerably strengthened itself, politically.

1 he political perspective of the Polish League has been
irierubly widened. The 1 eaguc has grown and is able local
for the requirements of the voung workers anti peasants wb
hitherto passed unnoticed or unappreciated.

As a result of this move anil a corresponding organise l* -
growth of the League, and thanks to the general leftward
dencx of the working and peasant masses of Poland, partieu M
in view of the disillusionment with the Pilsudsky Govtrnmrn^
the influences of the League among the young workers ana p01
anti has also grown, - j

At the present moment, the League is a serious
factor, not only in the youth movement, but throughout i < -
labour movement of Poland.

Nevertheless, the political development of the Polish _ ^
did not take place without mistakes. Together with xw
l .in> it lived through two large ideological crises. ^ ^fr(

The t ,C . of thr Party, at the head of which in *9*5 ^

uliradvftists, came forward at that time against the UlJ ^

t h human, French and Bulgarian Parties, accusing 1
oporumism* The controlling elements of the C.C.

With the tier intin ultra-leftists for a united front attaikj 0 ^

« rmnu rti live C -C, of the League supported the attitm r _ ^
Party leadership, and in this way, the league together
arty u cut the whole path of ultra-left deviations. ,

1 he second serious ideological and political crisis °

POLAND

103

til the fascist toup hi Poland
. t.., ih.tn \ lew i iic this i M*ip

the nruh-unum rnnwnui., t f hifiion

formutaikm (hr equally incorrect pobtacul >■" •

fm it *;». necessary m support Pitoudsky. in(Wncc

'|Vi> riehl oportutlist tendency, winch mhmil

ilu* Party in May. *9*6, »<> «*». »**» awt ••PI*”"1 "JJ*"

the part «>f the League. <>« the ■ onlrary •> sh;uttl m tic

main rl tv of the (fiistake^made hi <b*' P*n ty.

th mever, the si.ur. es of mistakes in the League were quite
difii i< j.f tfMfu an ill.- Party* j fir roots vsei.- I*. he found, tu4

in the ideuf .-if itlr.i I ft or Kiglil-Wifig formulation, hut in the
\o.ik artil fittmiilirr* pnlilh a! development of t he League, and the

;ilisrri4 ** * # i rill, ion t ( ifie misiahi-s of lluL Partv,

■

Liter > \ a I h« I u< 1 was ah?r In find * i mtfMtal i \ rk easttr
tlieeorrevf W*i> out of both tin- first atul second crisi*, and Without
fiiocli inner billion -oiild accept ihe line laid down hy the Comin-
tern ami tie Voting Communist InlcrnniiomiL

Mm, Mdisli League I filmed the lessons of its previous errors,
jn ) n| tl«. j« ■ m moment is firmly n^ninsl nil feature* of inner
harv :,ml ,n,,rr 1.,-^ur life which, in its opinion can lead Id

im i* 'ii*ii i-eagtit- aearnecl \hv lessons o( its prev iou
.m i ni tin- pn-M-nt mumi-nt is firmly ajpanutt all feature*
IWIJ ;m,| inner U-.»knu- fife uhk-1,. in its opinion can
UiM-Leh or KigJn AVing deviations.

a ‘■“"•Pi.fcn against Trotskyist
gainst Trntsk visiti * :,"t, *he Party in its fi^ht

t ill!! I i ^ . f , 'r'; ‘ ”°m ,hc vcr>* tKJffmninp opposed the

of the Western irt, - ■ ’* ,,s•ln,^ element* in the Communist Party
thr VVmitorn ri :,ml was able to mobilise the whole of

^•Ws hcn<lr<l v S,Kaimt the n:',ion:,! opportunist

The i ,mi 1 *

'Lh' *I' h rfUS n^° made a step forward in its practical
U . , «atl , * / particularly under the conditions in which it

:t | ( . . ■ _ V ‘ ■ ***' vvfidiPMVtia *11 1(1*11 • I

*$fi if \1' ]sl ritg>mct terror, etc.), has become rcalJv mass

if 1 . # 1" — ~ '-•**■** W i*f| m MBMiiq

, ‘ ,U s n‘>I.on.I>‘ thc J'OUng' workers, but the working
iy u! ' 1 h*s is shown by the participation of l.eatruc

, ,lo:is in campaigns, ns for instance the election

r, - ^ lvi ii.sumce toc CfCCliOCl

c" - <n Ut *bc Srym, during which in Warsaw out of 400 prr*
to<v^n ?assl meeting*, were organised by the League, out of
Spaturci collected on election lists in Greater Warsaw
r were collected by the League.

itr 11 1 during I nlcrnation;il \ ouifi Day, in street dpmon-
w III Warsaw, only 250-380 persons part it-ipa ted, or in
’ nrds the whole of the W arsaw League and in

j?® W the same dcnmnstratinti, there were Already 1 ,cxx> pnr-
^1% anti in 1927 nearly 2,000.

><) I

Ynrw, COMMUNIST WTlvRNATloV i

% m A . a ^

In Wm»a« l ily, lirism-r YVursnw I «hI? • .

Ku.m,,. nearly ao,tx*> working and peasant Vm< r,> ^

Charnel eristic .if tins step forward is thc worU ,

l*aflc *'\cta,,m im.i with the c:,llmK of coluCr[.„f.J°nc> tfe

workers. The LenK,„. during the last period ha, i>* * *°*t
m organising such conferences in Warsaw I ,, i, suc«s *1*

..ml Kraukow. Over .5.— >mmK workers’ i„ i.uiuolTl*’*

nised in trade unions were represented at these cm { • ‘ w«-<*

n,e league conducts important work amongst you™*.,,,
organised in trade unions and youth sections, liehtin. < 1

formal ion «>t surti u*!1! iiui. .Ij.ts*,,*.. ... " tht

ndustrj ami

******* ‘"iH'iih dim yomn sections, fitrhtin » f

formation of such sections despite active opposition on the mn ^
the 1 cpcsoi s. U\ er to.ooo young workers are organised in
sections untler the control of the league*

\ \w muss work oi the League hus Strengthened in othtr
spluTcs, and partly in sport, IX'Spiti* the fact that the wK>>
u]ip.Hi .itus ol tlir [ 1 non of Workers' Sport is in the hands of the
n ft n mists, at a number of conference s and meetings of this orguj.
sat ion delegates adopted resolutions put forward by the League.

\ he illegal ancl legal publications of the League have in*
creased ; the factory papers arc of great importance.

Apart from gem ml campaigns such as ist May, MnV
campaigns, the clcuiuns to the Seym, the League conducted ;
number of campaigns such as the organisation and leading of i
number oi strikes, trade union week in <9-5* campaign again**
huscist voutlv legislation and for the defence of the political and
economic rights of the young workers, all of which were part of
a general campaign against the danger of war and defence of dw
Soviet l n ion* All these campaigns come under one g^mral

slogan of struggle against Fascist dictatorship and for ituv-*
tionary workers' and peasants* government. ,

During this period the League was able to split a nurnbr* ^
opponent organisations and to strengthen the Left opposii|*i
within them. This took place in connection with the Son**
UaRUe of Teseben* Silesia, which is influenced by

'in! *^lc Feasant Youth, etc. I

Hu- League syivmaiicnllv opposes the development oi _
Socialist Y outh organisation of the S.P.P. and the Fascist )
organisation “ Sharp shooters *• (Strelok). ,

Organisationally ihc Polish League is three times a*J .
“ it was at the time of the Fourth Y.C.L. Congress. Tl
V “ was R?adc l,l> the first place of young workers m J ^
' ' s ®nd Par,ly. particularly in Western White ,Ul ‘
i’"'1';"" ■VM,,Jh* A corresponding increase in the factor) k
has taken ph.ee and a development in the initiative of U*-'1
nut ices and factory groups.

POLAND

>95

«. tr;^* rs SSEE IS

, until IS much weaker , as a iso is

mris military training Organisations. Effects and

k Tlie U»gu. centre «« L in .he

endeavour to find ways and means of guting

near future. , t jn relation l<» its

The organisational strength <>f im '-tagm n

political influence among the young wo,ker> is I. ,ve

In order to overcome this disproportion great efforts » ill l«\c
,o l» made, more (.art ieularly in view of the fart that, together
jfTr excellent poftiicnJ ctnidilions of work the swing lo the
lfi 1 1 innumerable rltffiruljfr* also crop tip. Nharpi nirig of Fascist
regime and pnliec repressions, mass terror nnd inquisition of
arrested comrades, publication of bourgeois papers and formation
of * >rga ni nations for struggle against communist youth, etc., are
but a few examples of these diflicullies.

Km the very fact that the bourgeoisie finds it necessary to
adopt such tactics L proof of (be fact that the influence of* the
league on the masses of young workers steadily increases.

CZEC1 lO-SLOVAKU

*| he prrlotl l«*l» wii the Kourth ami the Filth World Cvnift
lias played n great r»\le in the development in the Czech YjCLL
In this period il»«- Letgtti' tituvectk-il in eomnu iu inK mass Wlirit ^
Jill -spheres. Onh alter the Fourth World Congrese did thtUapie

U-.irn how U» work seriously umler the dilHcolt v* -minions
Ironi the national situa-ion in t zeeht>-Slovaki u . jf ,}H.

young Czech worker in the League previously played a p«uh«
n\le, this siUtnlion has now been greatly improved through i)*
consequent carrying out of the so-called " Czech txrurst."

When thr- League alter the Fourth World Congress of the
Y CM- begnn to apply the decisions in order to establish the pre-
liminary conditions for Bolshevisaiion. the League went through
a crisis in the course of which all those old Imu lionam-s whoCTCld
not adapt themselves were replaced by young elements.
the Fourth National Congress in 10J5 the Czech -capur ji
begun its mass activity, conducted regular trade union wt
systematic organisational work, introduced new mcl ,?VS ?roupy
a, a improved it. t,ai»i,.« vroHt. This Caress
about ;i change in leadership by drawing the i *ech so >k

movement into responsible leadership- .,nt!miatit*

Thv ITflh Sati.m.1 OmK««. .«*>..

of the course begun at the hourth National 01 ^ . J.s m tbc
Sixth National Congress, 1928, laul thnvn Cym *' 1 (Vni,T(
basts of the experiences gathered between the

THE PARTY AND Y.C,L.

( C<Hninltnu

When after the Fifth World Congress ot 1,1 ltobt*ris*
the Party vvns confronted with the questmn ^ Firt*

tion, the old social democratic IraclitiOM |jjg > political

expressed themselves in the confusion vm the IO*yl
line of the Parly*, and brought about a serious crisis* tiic CeW1*
up a clear stand in this crisis, supported the ^

tem, and actively worked on its application- 11 j(U^us-
period of this c risis, the League was absolutely lJnaT - party

tern, and actively worked on its application. jmouS' Ofl'J

period of this c risis, the League was absolutely l!naQf the
when the bloc between the centre and the major ■*>
which brought about the real restoration of the 4 ^ \

up, some voices in the' League were raised ag-lins
serious campaign of clarification was necessary *ti OpP^ 1*
a correct attitude. During the period of TrOtS^)1^ froi*i t
the Y.t\L. carried on a struggle against the dcv|a
line of the Comintern fighi from the beginning*
however, did not undertake early enough a thoroug

\9?

10 G

(VKCHO-SLOV A K 1 A
■ - nf I In- Opposition. Through ih:H .

hrily the questions SiceaUe i»1*> in th0 V1*

^Uiortal tendency ^ ig| opf .—ml

S tarly. Mfetohc «r.. J ' Thv U.*uj.

Z * •» ***i£fz -

,,.(-v few sacnhccs. Only " 1 ■ .. U(-,, s.nm- nu-ntlicfs

■•■Ml m Ofctrau, BrOmi »"*• ‘ X(*| sihih National

*Z sympathised will. ^ ,mX' *ti°« of opposi-

&*#**> rc*iuih»t that idc„log -..d Mdidarily

lion, and w "* ' * “ ’ ' jM- unin-d will* the retention of V.C.L.

il Hu- **.«*«*». In >*• rti*rk U, how.-ver, the

|}iH|nvi( rein ili’fealc*l*

n.e rcliitimis Ijitttftn tire Party and l.eague have greatly
improve* I <d lute. Although the lower Party organisations do
not vet i urreeilv umh-r^tand th<- role anil work of the \ .( .I,*,
the League i> being »Hp[Kirled in its work by the leading
urgani^itiuns,

Thv league several tifiic^ (<Hik ;i critical atlituclc' towards

iltc Path in p<fliii*aJ ami iactiial questions. The League criti-

cised the in sufficient aclivilv of ltkh I'artv in t lie- time of the

* #

\ iciina t \ and thv Saci:o*Vanzetti campaign, the mistakop
.iiui iriNiilliricut slogans in economic' struggles and the mistakes
ni the Parti in the application of the Ignited Front tactics,

A NT I -MILITARIST WORK AND THE STRUGGLE
AGAINST THE WAR DANGER,

1 Is- 1 Ei Communist movement does not possess any trxidi-
"'ms ,J' IkvKhevist anit-ntilitarist work. T he Uague has not
^ ' ''c^ stJ ku in linking up the great campaigns against t lie

danger* for the defence of the Soviet Union with organised
inside the army. The League developed great activity in
< strug^rfc Against the* reactionary militarist laws which were
-ntr Li4 €-tl t.i increase the period of military service, whicdi robbed
M)ldin-S t>f i|h- right to vote and brought about various Other
Xinkhip-, of an economic nature. It conducted for several months
a !>r<>,u] cainpaign against the military reforms, which found its
^-rnrsx in t|lc Anti-War W'cek. During this period more than
11 hundred demonstrations and meetings were organised, in which
£r<-;n masses of the Socialist and indifferent youth also parttci-
Wul The grrat weakness of this campaign was that those see*
which were direct tv concerned, the soldiers, were not drawn
'T<* this work which w.is not linked vtp with intensive activity in-
«he ;,rmv anil has not created o rgamsat iqnn I II, favourable i-on-
'I'tions for anti-militarist work. Only towards the end of i9s7, a

t.jS

V..IINV. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

* A M ifa I. A.B a. ' "t at a_ ■ ift a. a. . — A 4 a '

rc*nl serious Start was ma.lf in anti-militarist w L

■•> *w*bing (,:“l been done in this field for nflw pr»cti.

Autumn of 1927 a recruiting campaign was cond^S^V. la *e
prepared and led by the centre. For this puriK ’ wl,Jd>m
recruits’ conferences and recruits’ farewell celebradm 3 stries «f
and plenty of agitation and propaganda material «■?!
rhe experiences gained in this campaign were utiliwf^

development of flintier measures for the svstemiti - - m ,,lt

of the anti-militarist work. Little progress is bein' JK?!P
work because the I’ariy docs not pay sufficient attention L?
•be League completely redrafted the old, faulty soldiers' „
gramme and has now published a new programme of sol.SfcJ

demands, w hich serves as a gotnl basis for broad activity amon .
the soldiers. T *

Thv campaigns against the army estimates, the campaign for
the defence of the Soviet Union, against intervention in China
was linked up with a broad propaganda campaign on our alti-
tude in ease of an imperialist war and on principle questions in
this connection.

THE UNITED FRONT.

I'he United Front tarries were practically applied, par-
ticularly during the preparations for the sending of a youth
delegation to the Soviet Union, and in economic and political
campaigns.

During the lost years the League has conducted three cant"
paigns for the sending of youth delegations* Only two
lions from Gzwho-Slovnkia visited the Soviet Union, the third
being prevented at the last moment by the refusal of the Czech<>
Slovakian Government to grant visas. I'he preparation of t
young workers delegation was carried through by the League in
*1^ senes of factory meetings and young workers’ conference
hor tin* second youth delegation, thirty such voting workers* co
ferences on a district scale were held/ The composition ol 1
>oung workers at these conferences were as follows: Coninium
5** per eent.p indifferent \H per cent., other working cla>s > _
organisations 6 per cent/ The United Front Committees,
were elected by the conferences were composed of : Conitau^

32 per eent indifferent 22 per cent., Socialist youth 46 ^ thc
rhe climax of the various united front activities .

reZi K,Uonal Y<WW Workers' Conference, wbicb 'vns <!%L.
ceded by a series of district conferences and laclOty- lJK . icf.
riv ongress was attended bv »» from s»4 f:U

CZECHOSLOVAKIA '99

■ ,ist war danger, and for Ibc mobilisation of the young

|M f!kL- fur I IK* economic struggle.

r..l work was undertaken during ibc campaign of the
workers delegation. Tl„ delegation also -jsued Ibc
■*,» d'tf Congress of the Young Friends of the L.S.S.K.

[,Hhe Cm* language.

t, die Herman Socialist Youth League and the Czech
v tiotial .Socialist Youth organisation, oppositional tendencies
tkvdopcd, which were more or less connected with us, and
Viflm-nced by us. The contracts were, however, not permanent
and in decisive moments and at conferences the opposition
completely failed. The reason for this can be found in the weak
nt^iifiisalioii «>1 the opposition elements and the lack of a political
p|,i! form of tlk* opposition.

Tile League committed a series of errors in the application
uf tbr united front tactics; on the one hand there was an ovci-
r -.tmi.ii ion of the united front, and an opportunist application,
util on (lie other hand there was confusion over the cpiestion of
the organisation* with which we could form a united front.

ORGANISATION.

Ihe weakest part of the League's work has always been
' ‘c "tkMif.sational work. Immediately on commencement
' u t,rg«ini«..uioiil which was conducted cpiite mechanically,

• .(.ague underwent a crisis. Ir» 1925-2O there were 250 factory
k'ait'ijs. which number dropped down to 70. Only through jndr-
ccu.if v\ork in the various fields, through continual attention to
-‘'k'' - mv tic factories and the study of the conditions prevailing in

Y«i< us district* and through the organisations of organtsa-
■' u.it conferences has an improvement become visible. The
‘■ague now consists of 113 factory groups, 229 street groups,
village groups. 25 per cent, of the whole membership
, k »' factories, though only 1 1 per cent, are organised in
*■*< lory groups. rhe League numbers 1 5.000 members The
‘be factory groups has been improved by .he ap, dica. ion
.!h‘‘ decisions of the various organisational conferences, by the
' Evening of work and laying down of concrete tusks.

In the organisational sphere, the League has made great
Progress by launching out in the Czech districts. In main- Czech
where previously no youth organisations existed, suHi
fIc* niew exist.

In the period undo report ( the League also commenced to
'irk'-misf Ukrainian young workers, in the Zakarpat$ka Ukraina.

^ be apparatus of the League was si lengthened in the centre as

in (|1C districts.

YOl NG COMM l MST iNTKtt NATION AL

ECONOMIC TRADE UNION Wl i k

Only from tin- firm- of tin* International trade .

MU w *p*-nk ol it serious ronmumt-tmnt of t,n,?n
work by the l sect h League* 1 he Y ( ' l u Utum

J.islv of achieving too per tent, trade union organ' •
til \is membership, i lu* creation of trade union j
mi i 1 tyslcnuitir work in tin* tnnle uniunv ^he cVll€<u
i imgu>* of i hf 1 V V, ( Intermit am;* I Trade Union Ln|
Adopted u ri'MiliitUiu^ pul forth by the Czech League wWA
demanded spvvktl facilitiirs for ihc entry of young wnrkrrj, inv
Itndc unions ami l hi* setting up of youth rnmmisMimx* Approx!
muteL i,<oo new members were won for the trade unions in ih*
Haile union week held uflet the Sixth National Congress in the
c out st* of this I milt' union campaign ftu lory meeting* vote

held in \ i districts,

Hu1 u ork of the Youth ( 'omnuxsjons in Ihc Krd Tr.ul*
Unions hns been neglected, Only during the last period an inv
prOYPflinnt became v isible. There exist s now a Central Com-
mission of the Executive ( oiutlliUiC id the l,AA'.( dolrkt
commissions and to local youth commissions. The League
organised a series of trade union conferences, which discussed
concrete tasks and work inside the trade unions and ekclri
youth commissions, V It hough during the last trade union xveck
several hundred members have been won, only 25*30 tK*r c-i'nt. td
the membership of the League are organised in trade unions, a *
the majority of the new recruits were unorganised.

The League played an active rAle during the various cconomn:
druggies, in addition to tome smaller struggles, vve must oha
lion the organisation of l hi' struggle of the voting gl-1^ wor fr;
in 14)25, the active participation in the great textile
struggles in 1926 in Middle and I vast Bohemia, the h«iMc^
Struggle in U127, and the miners1 struggle in 1928. hi a '
struggles the YA\L, put forward special youth demands
represented on the strike committees and organised spcctfl , ^
mei tings. During the hist miners1 struggle 8,ooo out ^.fn*
jnfivx> strikers were young workers, 20 youth nvitnik-
held. Apart from the struggle of the young gkiss
vvus a series ta independent young workers* strikes lTi
Slovakia, which were concluded more or less success u h f
iA-ague conducts at the present moment, jointly with »■*
a large campaign against the worsening of social insurn 4

AQ1T-PR0P ACTIVITY.

During the period since the Fourth WorW ^C°°S
systematic training work was begun. DuriopT lhl rertjiafl.
three League schools were held, one Czech, O*1'

CZECHO-SLOVAKIA *>i

and one both German and Czech, an ended by approximately

100 funedonarie*. After the firsi league - h.-.-l. to
district schools with 600 comrades attending were organised. 1 h*
comrades who had passed the Central School wen? utilised fm
these schools, In 200 elementary rnurKA, 4,01 *>-5,000 members
received political minimum education, In addition, spc< iaJ
courses lor training of members wen* held a I various limes*

All campaigns, such as ft* tcni.il tonal ^ outh Day, May ixtf
and others, slum the great pofiln at influence of (he League on
the masses i«f young workers For Internal hirml Youth Day

j v * "hi 1 tings m-ir 1 »j i ;,inisi iL u lik'li wrrr utleruleil, in addition
h» iti.ini adult ivurJcris, In pia*** voting workers.

J Ih League is i)i>u actively working to improve its methods
til work afi.J it 1 hrightf t) the inner ti fr of the organisations. f|je

lilt),- Hitiiisi’s, ’ which urv after tin* Russian, urc vt-rv

p> i|Kil.ir.

WofiK IN J III* COUNTRYSIDE.

the S,L!Z'U\"'U'Tl,<' Tfk h Uvi"H ^ndWCled 1 inong
' ^ and y^e “tfriculuirnl labour.-.^

in iXX 'n,u "K,s,} ors«nimhm in the
tJiK h«ww»rf ,iii !| °n »n- organised j„ the countryside;

mcc, : • ■ ,,f *lr su,vakt «« ™

, „.s , ( . , ■ P*‘"uul:ir good results. In Mav

lions Wfts ht-h! 11 fufU,,onar'‘iS working in village organ isa-

I* I O N I; E R O R GANISATION S.

a V’rTi;>,U-,-r °r*rBni??tions were not under

u-n slow K L o'!Jiv 'J-5, rc',Sv" t,,ls n,ovt'mon! developed
. <ul>. Onh Ihc Sixl li National Cooirress decided

"* ,.C B“^U.- WWCI- mfcBu.r.1,

r.41 4J-'Tr» & K2

organisation publisher '1 r^hii ? * vc lonccr

^nnnJ^trCdUl'rSfiip °f ,hc.Par*y an<) League, and a child-
I ■ pn jn icrm.m has been issued since May of this vear.

ne drrird’, k Ti P ' T 'l " „P"rt Mo*«n,*;n‘ has been badly
J' All hough in the Red Sport organisations alone

£.000 young workers arc organ, sed in the German workers* gvrn-

, ;,m! sP°r s "'jwcnwnt a strong opposition movemnm bn.

££* U.P* , a,vl ",0l,,^l, a percentage or the members

* actively m the sport organisation, no fractions exist and
1 systematic work L bring conducted,

PRESS.

In the period under report t tfie League has created

4..2 YOU NO COMMUNIST INTKUNATIONai.

papers (appem ing fortnightly in < wnuati and Czech) WCrc u
formed into weeklies. Tile League mm publishes five |>:iikts'V
German, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian and Ukrainian, with K|he Vm'-'i
circulation *>f i .1,500 copies. The German and Czech papers nr

weeklies, tin’ others monthlies.

PltRSPECTIVES.

Since its dissolution in tQ-’J, the League (ins \u>rkr,|
in a semi-legal stale. The repression against the V.C.L.
is stronger than against the Party. The Government tries by
all methods at its disposal, particularly through persecution t,’f
the League’s functionaries, to weaken and paralyse the work.
In addition to this, there exists a strong employers* terror.
Nevertheless, the conditions for the development rtf the League
are very favourable. The situation in t /echo- Slovakia becomes
sharper every day, the masses are getting more and more active
and the number of larger and smaller economic struggles grows
steadily. If the League will understand how to utilise the
favourable conditions to the fullest extent, how actively l« lea.l
all struggles, and how to strengthen its work in all spheres, only
good results can accrue.

ITALY

At the Fourth World Congress of the V.C.L the Italian was
c only delegation which supported the thesis <>l the extreme

# it i* i . 1 _ it.,. . I o .11 VM III) I j i I t lett'

the only delegation which supported ihc# finals *hc" ^xircimt
Left group of Tlordiga, and '.tisKl lor the tij»p< isiinai point oJ \ ii’vv .
Nevertheless, in contradistinction to fhmliga and his friends in t he
Party, who would not agree m aeccpl any leading positions, tl:r
(\( . of tin- League agieed t, » cany out the <lci is ions of the Con

Ip T i *

(\( l, i jf flic League ii^iccd li* c-irry
in ;i <ri>cipMi)cd fashion.

:iny leading positions, tl:

pre tv *

Despite scivral u.ivrriii^H and indecisions, the I, ensile ap-
•d <■( the tactics employed by the I 'arty during the period of

tilth j nl 1 it i I. ■ V ■ j - ■ m BBtii I a It. . I if' ■' a

B , # # * - " V * IMIk pv Ijtiu

crisis in eoums-ta.fi with the tnunler of Mattcoti. loiter, at the
hiiLugod hx< ■< utive, the V.C.L. delegation agreed with the Thesis

*""”“** L“e,,cs-

Uhen the preparations for (lie Jlrircf Party Congress and

H-iu : £g a f,' ' ’ Ueft organised them-

g“ f°r,nrd "Kir own

break tin* milvf f,i the C,C. I his, attempt to

thanks toihc ^ hnmeclinr^ f Communist discipline was defeated;

C.r t.i * k* i ‘ r intL*rfcnng of the Party, supported bv jh#.

iiuiih.s jo * in ■ . ,* * wvtvuau,

C.C-. (it the League uucl'^r-V'0^ ^ ,hc.I>;,rt>'- supported by the
s.’irv to mv tlmn ' r -**rc?! m,mber of comrades. It is neccs-
theyouth ' \f.Vr ?* ■ aUC,npt mCt W>lh no succ«ss among

•9* for the fi«t rrPtnet,C^ F* aC- °f lha ***** *» June®

ti P ! unanimously accepted the lead of the C.I.

«. aJfth,r l!S \L C?L.P cti me * ^

UVhruar,-. '•.■><>). «*W. .he *»%» .Zd

- mus,er 3 per cent, of the votes.

«oo S’du^v r WU!> r WBS t,,m of the unifica-

Ir.iWn.„- .,7"“ . oociahs! \ oulli, supporters of the Third

|, ' m‘l (comprising the main section of the Socialist Youth

^h*ue) expelled from the Socialist I' .rtvof n-dv-V * ou,h

Comintern. The Fourth WorI?CmUr '

As a L?.?f s r®^W5IC r 7** \mt *** #*& without any difiSSS

aoMdt Of this decision the membership which was then nearly
J^*«cre:iscd by 5«> memb«-.s. 1 his figure speaks for the pro-
EK*11" League (twice as many members in .hiring which

JJ the proletarian movement suffered the greaiest depression
r 4 result of ihe seizure of power of Fascism, and the WJIVe of
^^unist repression,

i lie economic iratle union work began to develop m 19^4. |„

YOU NO C< )M M UNI ST 1 XTb'M N A'l'K »i A1

tit*1 Uiti;*' town* mini) tonfrrcnecs were held ami Ulci-ai •

Ilf you 0)4 wnrUers Imik jiliirc. The yotilh, as such, n,j[^C!lnKs

hi -nit in* nli ihr ranks of the irndc unions. At ih, (L.r * , Vc”

, v umcrcckv « j

t hr Cirnrrllt t \ HI federal it m of IT.'ji the League in |j1t. n-m J
meetings, f»d forward demands 1 or consideration* but the '
Itif illicit «« adopted a loose resolution relating to the education of
young vu>j kits which mttunilh was not pm into practice |n
reply to this, the League continued its own campaign, and called ft
national congress * » I voting workers. Tins Congress was held in
March, 1925* over 50 delegates from the main proletarian centres
ol hah attending ; Inn all participants were arrested. The police
wa re assisted |>y the reformists in sabiCugutg the interests d (1^
s oung worker s,

The Peasant Week was Very *um.'s*rul : it was orgncuud in
H>J1* anti was accompanied In the publication ot relevant material
anil the calling of mx regional conferences of peasant yotiih.
This campaign was distinguished as the commene^mtm of the
activities amongst the masses of young peasants*

The V.C.U developed slowly but steadily. In the bcginnmjf
of 1935 the membership reached 8,ooo* l he central urgnn of 1 <
League ■' A van! garde #< had a sale of 1 J.ooo copies ami giWF
continued to develop. In July these figures reached ij,ocx> ^
jo,(kh' respectively* The journal had become a real mass
Hut in the second half of 1915, Fascism having sirengt
itself in power, thanks to the betrayal of jhc soon m lemoc^
commenced a vicious attack on the communists. ■ Qur

wuh closed down. Many comrades were arrested and tnrc .^^^
influence' did not decrease but continued to widen, hut our ttu ^ ^
ship decreased considerably* Simultaneously* the Gencrct^
federation of Labour Excluded a number of comrades*
whom were several young communists- HlC l-caguc « ^

with the Party, conducted an energetic campaign for

unity.

fruit

The struucU* for a united front began to ,,r:*r cfotfe»sl*
socialist youth ort-ani sat ions, maximalist as well the

which incidentally arc considerably weaker than our 'c*
v. eds of decay began to Ik* felt. \Vc began to penetrate rep m0Vf.
vouth organisations. Several groups and sections of * ,!l

mom came closer to us.

1 ho illegal ninth Congress was a proof of *^u> !'tlt i^fod)

the l eague, li was preceded bv 100 group meeting 11 tten*W
tw > ilk gal provincial congresses. Forty-live rlclcga1*^ ‘ ,|,e

r* presenting S,ooo members of the League. Question*
political line of ilte Party and activities of the League 'vCr'

rrAi.Y

2i*5

Cl died

i * L«if<*ri*nri*s wtrr ^UM M

„ , \fter the Congress regional eonJcrc

ssttiis.

«— »"*

based on this cem nu -k ■ » - . imperialist war,

in defence of young workers for

unions etc TMm-Iwi* ilh-gal conle.en.es Willt « pr.w Jitmi -

• , .1.1 ltl([ fori \ -two yoiillt commit ice* for

frum htir.-i,cs were r

Mf prulel.u *ati unity **n nj». More than JO per cent, ol

j*),,. .1, -leg ates and members ol U.c comni.llCTS were non-party and
mcmlu i > of other orgnMixatiiHis. As a result <d this work the
r. fiM nu?»r li.igiif vx .4 -- liquidated ^ti 1 1 J the maximalist league cbnv-

pleiek t*<f- / ht^ rrpiihhrau league was ulsoaffei led, arid,

what in rxin-meh imjHUlani, nv were sui-ressful in penetrating the

ratikv cf 4,ttlioliiT v until.

■

l!iricr^cm \ lau v adoptid in Xovcmlter, 1926, mass arrests
ami exiles did nut stop the wink q( the league, which remains
t hr * *11 Vx ynutli organ is«il Um lighting against Fastnsm. Tlic factory
groups * ufiirnue their t lose cxinnee lions with the masses. The
hevr 1 1 rnie nts ol the maximalist youth entered the la -ague.
Si« s; organisations* a* a result of the work of our League and
ihr polity «it betrayal of the reformist leaders* have completely
I'ctrrioralcd. lh<* illegal press, which achieved a certain degree
,Jj devehipiii^nt aP.er the closing doxvn of ,s Avantgarde " (the
f \<>uth had a cirfeulation of 1 5-20,000 copies) con tin tied
btxist and increase. Apart from 11 Avantgardc ** (sales 1 i-ra,ooo)
m*iny ItK'al organs and newspapers were published around
Li mriis, and ;dsu many leaflets* During a period of eighteen
^oaths the League disirilmted 190*000 leafk-is, 135,000 copies
< ’ ne wspapers and kmn <» pamphlets containing league material,
^^lusive of material distributed by the Party,

Ihe young workers gave active support to the illegal re-
Organisation of the trade unions. It played a great role in the
flurrei t,us strikes (ninety strikes, 2 30,000 workers participating),
^hich t<.K)k place during that period, despite the fiercest rep res*

In the large towns seven bi^ factory conferences were held,
Which were preceded and followed by meetings and conferences.
These conferences discussed the questions of struggle against
Fascism Vif the rc-org;misation <>f the proletariat, defence of the
Vein h ..... -4ri-ted sixteen youth committees for united pro-

J'^iith, etc., and elected sixteen you
^tarian struggle.

Sl/l

Vol N'O COMMUNIST INTERNATIONA!

L Hd hjkA j 1 j I I _ _ ^ ^ _ ii & « ' -

A Nioo.nl delegation lh, S I/, was organised for ' ' ,
i.oos oi the loth anniversary • the October Rwoiu,:,-, C *'e,cbra-
Hie Italian League had to pay dearie for i<

Tlir League lost «,ooo members, So£ were arrested-. nT*

M.my comrades have lost their reason, others died .mi*00 * *'lr,J
inhuman tortures in Italian prisons. Nevertheless th?e*f.l5^
Of the l-Mi-ue is assured by its strong ties with the m;!ZvTl^T
heroism of its members, which was proved at its w.ntlf, ,he,
confcren c<% held in flu* beginning of 1<l,l0nal

SWEDEN

\t the time of the Fourth World Congress of the \ X.J., th
Swetish I Ji*uc hsid to wage a great Struggle against HOglum
jv[lo lrlU(| to manoeuvre the Communist I ‘arty out of the <> -

munist International. The \ l .1. during this prmM , ' " " <>f'
concentrated its activity on l*art> political ques.ions Ih-.t tht
li-,riy lender Mogluml found *<> ft w supporters for Im line is tt> a
rvu*;u due to ilic work of Hit- V*(\L, in tin- organisaiHms
up and down die i -otitilrt and if# the art Mr** in 'hr Lcagllv organ
44 StonttklfM kan*” In Aii^hm 1*1^4, t Ju- Sv\c«ti^h Part% split,
Hogliinil iitMl hi* suppt triers lc!i Silt- Parv untl si ■* up #i new

^ _ * . i ■ 1 * * 1 ft 1 « .

* - r* s. ™ 1 p **

Party* In ihi* League there aKo a not im -iinsidcniblc gr<#up,

which Mr iIn .iikE lorincil a small scparali>t nr^;iiiis;ition,

WT P - . T » - " - ' ' " n - ---------- ' I ii"* ^ "

fhiglmwl iiho calk i] hi> Parts "* t * 'finnmiis', After | lie*
cleansing <d the (.'ommutiist Party fr*Mii the Reformist elements,
ilu J .Clique had U> give our to the Party \l> olfk-r trained
fynrticinaries, A M.-jUvenali«ni of S hu League was untie r taken, ami
‘hiring the period from t()2y>$ approximately 4,000-^.000

Oii'iil) lor^. i sf 10.. 1 ... ■ , <1 .. > . _ . i .... I a . t ■ >

members of the league were ‘ransferretl to the IVirtv.

■P

The ^ A , L, has now undertaken the carrying out of practical
ymiui; workers tasks. Since the Tenth League Congress in April

* Tl f);is hvt*n ejected in the activity of the League. For
itu first i\,\u y ath cjm siions were put in the foreground and]
u «t, ■ t i n . i hr leadcrslitp from i<»p to bottom. The League

t \ E illILitv m training new leading functionaries

in rough a League st^iool held t.mo

r, 5 : * training new leading functionaries

. , 1 1 s< hiKil held in June 1926. A beginning was

tl; * jin M< •I^ilT1[,'ing the League on the basis #>f factory groups*

t ** ',u\f f l4S nut ^hh great dillicuh iest as :fte organisation

Mamed the cliar ' - 1 K

bls tTH ' witli great clitlictih iest as the organisation
racier ol the old times. 'P!te League, which in

0*000, vvas built on the basis of the so-called

—

UI'Bifaku.^.lL -T «■ V » K. 'A HP

. N--V iriu 1 .It lA ilLJ Ul , •*

*. \ was built on the basi'i of the so-caJfecJ

^ ( ^ <,rn™imist ( i roups — territorial organisations.

J*1 were not linked up with the life of the voting

r.(i^ . # J '*vre no: Jmkeci up with the hfc Of the young

'«rs m the factories and were mostly engaged in general
p-iganda and educational work* However a series of factory
k'n.aps w;ts sr: tip, and in various districts industrial conferences
workers were organised* flut these beginnings were

. . . I* P" . ■ - . .1 -Ia* A

' rN “ ' mtv vt i’rc 11* nm im :ni m - ■ ’

11111 ^ (jrnl policy directed tuwnnln ;i complete change
n !,|C nicthotls of work.

^ “II tl H H IS HI

The Sisdabl)em( era tie Party strongly supfK»rted ihe prof>o>.il
' 3 tJl" so-called Navy Commission in the Spring of io^r f<Jr the
^^^Iruc'ion *>f warships for the Baltic Fleet, amounting to 105

ft'lttffl* _ ^ ^ ,i A.li .^j-l ■>*« +■*■* jiitaij O nT\il ■ I l/\ t 111 #* f t f til t 1 1 I* *

J>|sirticti€>n \var>mps 14>r IMV dniuuuung w

fHilliou crowns This resulted in tin opposition movement in the
Swial-DcTOOcr.it ie piirtv. The «"ir policy of the social-democrats

I, .s Y< H JNC COM M t NIST 1 NT HR NATH > x A I

K“'« the I’liflv Hnd I .ifiiffHi* K*M«1 opportunities J,»r prcm.,,
which wi re amply utilised. In 19.27 the Y.CJ K liiiwl
new mnubciM due in the tifM phut* in gimd aetivin dt ■ ^i0°°
Navy Campaign, ■ nilS

1 hi* League li I mi 1 1 hi* hut i -il a hr out I campaign for tin-
*.l the Soviet In inn ami organised in njjlw? two youth dclt^
lion* in the Soviet 1 moil. Several mh tal-di-nuMrrutg from tL*
first vouth delegation wen- expelled from the SociaMJem^ r
Youth league. K

tn ilu* field of ami-militarist work, the League lacks eonii unit v
in *ts activity, Wry ginnl campaigns however have been vun-
ductrd, jitvl the League U now undertaking tin* building up 0f
Mrnng 01 ganivaiinrts in the \riuy and Navy* On the occasion
of the i istl to the Ihilli* oi Ibitish warships, winch was a hostile
demotisli at ion against the Snvie’ l niim, leaflets were distributed
among British sailors in the Swedish pints.

During the last years a vvoikciV sport movement has grown
op in SwrdtiK Hu- workers’ sport organisa'inns are organtH'd
in a group inside the bourgeois sport organisations. The Y.C.L.
for some time negks led* hut has lately improved its activity in
this important field ol work* litis is more important than ever
in view of the faet that the workers’ sport organisation^ Iwvc
declared in favour o! leaving the bourgeois sport organisations
and set* mg up an independent workers' sport league^

In May ujjj* the League celebrated its Twenty-fifth Jubilee
with a Congress and a youth day in Stwkholm, In the jubilee
year a broad campaign is being conducted, hi which the
tins set h self the task of solving important questions in ah «™s
of League work* \i the present momen* tlie League mm&*
ijtooo members, The League organ " Stormklockan liis
circulation of 13,500 copies*

The

NORWAY

Tlie Y C I. of Norway was in a very dillieuli position at tin?
lUneoi ih<- I'ourth World Gonifreu because it Had to make many
sacrifice* at the setting up of the Gommunist l arty w ■ -j-’A ■ 11,1

i ciuruc was very much weakened financially by th< fmt j»nal

.truiule in the Norwegian Labour Party and x-mraled almost

exclusively on political question*. After the organisation or the
Communist Party, the League had u> overcome Us vanguardism
to iraasforni it from a party fractional organisation into a
IikIi'Iuk <>rf;anisali«>n <>l the young workers. The Niiiftccnlh
r«Mt ;i.-s dr* idrd t*» i arry through the so-called rejuvenation
ami, ^lartfeilg fmm a nr tain date* all members over 2$ years of
age had to go over l*i l hr Party. Against this decision rather
strong ripposili* ; r i uas voiced at the < ungrCbS, and it him been
proved in j tr.it 1 1* *■ linn this decision was net a successful one.
as many legalisations have collapsed because the rejuvenation
was ctiiulu* ted too hc hrni.it icallv.

In the Party there were still strong opportunist groupings*

I he V*(M« supported I he line of the CM. in tlie struggle against
the opportunism of the Party, and thus considerably contributed
towards the clarification and bolshevism ion of the (MV of
Norway. The difficulty consisted in the fact that Already before
I hr split rn 1923, the CM. fraction committed various opportunist
mistakes* This gave the leader of the Norwegian L.l\, Tranmael,

5 hr opportunity to appear more ** Left " than the CM, Through
thr almost unanimous standpoint of the Y\CX. in favour of if,,*

( nniiniern the Tranifilielist* were folttfl to set up a separate
>*nn«i league. They culled the new youth league 11 J ,rt #■
muni St Youth League/*

Later on it was proved, however, that all these left phrase*
were again only a cloak for opportunism and reformism Thu^
the Tranmael Party has proposed to the Social- Dcmoc raise and
C'oniiumiisi Parties to leave their International and t*> set \ !
unified W orkers' Party. In 1927 the Tranmael Party
S<H‘i;il-Democralic Parly. The Social *l>cfrocrats have left if^
Sercxul International, with the agreement of ‘he latter, in t>r<ie
wag^ a struggle inside the Party for the ftlfil nticn i f the vvh t°
unified party to the Second International, The TraumaHLts - i
Sra ialist voulh also joined together and developed rr ore and '
into :* Social- Dcmocr.t tic youlli or^inisotjon. The i*oi„« m°?

IVanmael to Social Democracy considerably Har jfi„ . r

Political situation in Norway* Instead of three parties and .. *1

leagues, there were now only uvo. ; ^uu ^

2 1 O

YOUNti COMMUNIST I N T 1 vk N AT I GNAI*

The* Y*(YL. IrncI j^n-at dilluiilfy in going t>vvr u>
urntli work, because the organism inn had I wen for Nuch^iT"^
time ft piireh political organisation. After th<- Fmjrtj, Iv^i
Cnn^jn* ssi the League roinmrnml |o carry through rcorgafiiiat^ ^

In nil, -VS kirlorv groups were Mt up* htn they never phy^i**'
great role in tin* life of the League and collapsed after a \ °
period of existence* Now the League tins again atartetl‘^!!2
busy with far lory g roup work, and endeavours to ;iVQjf| ^
mistakes which were commit led in ujj, 1-3, The teatrue h*. , 1

the task ol winning the masses id young workers m the
scale factories, I he collapsed factory groups are to be rc-cstab,
I i shed anil new ones scr tip, The1 factory groups take an
important place in the League's work. I he rich experience of
other Leagues in the sphere k »f factory groups are being utilised*

In the field of anti-militarist work tin- League did good work
in spite of the fact that this work is particularly difficult in
Norway* the time of service for the soldiers is only .j8 days.
One of the weaknesses of the ant i- militarist work is the fact that
no stable organisations have been created in the army and navy
but only campaigns have been conducted* Particularly good
campaigns were conducted during the visits of foreign fleets.
The Y.C,L distributed leaflets among the British and German
sailors* In 1027 the campaign among the British sailors resulted
In a police raid against the LI1, and the V,C.L. lit the t raining
fields and the military camps every summer, agitational material
was distributed, in the course of which many' young Communists
were arrested.

The League only began last year to conduct systematic tnidr
union work. The YX\L. got out a collection of material for the
Trade Union Congress in 1927, dealing with the conditions o
the young workers in Norway, and making proposals for []k
trade union organisation of the young workers. After the Con-
gress the League launched a broad campaign in all trade union
cartels and trade unions for the setting tip of youth cOfmndtees
and youth representatives in the trade unions* The last ^tTliir
Session of the Y.<\L. in April, 1928, also decided to raise
question of setting up youth sections in the trade unions*

The League carried on link- systematic fraction work in
Norwegian workers' sport organisation, which developed m _
course of a few years into a considerable mass organisation- ^

The League carried on link- systematic fraction work ip
Norwegian workers' sport organisation, which developed M
course of a few years into a considerable mass organisation. .
League conducted good work prior to the last Congress ot
Workers' Sports League in 1928, arid after l he Congress, '
considerably strengthened the position of the ComtuU nMh
League decided to strengthen :md systematise the worK

workers’ sports organisation, ‘ 0f

During tlie lust great discussion of the Communist l>ar >

NORWAY

Norway, which was caused by the labour Purty taking over the
government, the Y.C.C. took a strong line against the oppor-
tunist inside of the Tarty. In the Y.C.L. itself, there were
certain vacillation, winch, however, were overcome after a
thorough discussion of this question* The League now stands
under unanimous political leadership.

(a the summer of 1928, the Y.C.L, of Norway celebrated ils
twenty-fifth jubilee. For this purpose a great jubilee campaign
is bring undertaken* Two League schools and one Pioneer carnp

will be held, and a Russian young workers’ delegation is to be in-
vitnl. The league Congress will take place in iVovemlx-r. In
ah spheres of work 1 he League has laid down concrete tasks for
"hr jubiJet' year. I he membership is t*> be increased front 3,000
to I he nn ifbtion of the League organ is to be safe-

guarded by regular publication, and the factory group work is to
be Seriously lack fed.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

liI!NI2RAL STATUS OT WORKING YOUTH.

During the pn*i period there Ivis been a gradual inci-aiu. :
ihe \m* i H -ipuiion of me working youth in industry, till tiK^v
they mirnlwri over eleven million, L<v, one-fourlh of ihc t01a|
working population* These are distributed amongst all of
important industries. I he general economic conditions of the
working youth are very poor, being far below the average con-
ditions ot the adult workers, and their wages even being much
lower than is the accredited minimum living wage of the govern-
ment and bourgeois statisticians,

Politically, large numbers of the working youth are directly
irndei the influence id the bourgeois youth organisations.
Despite this fact, there is an increasing res^JOnse on their part
due to the pressure of social changes, and titty are beginning
to tie an important factor in the life of the country, The
principal revolutionising factors are: restriction of immigration
which makes the youth one of the main sources of unskilled
labour; the continued farm crisis, which drives large luintbcrs
in the city labour market ; the increased rationalisation since
u}2 2 of American industry, which has increased the proportion
of young workers in industry, and even created a whole series of
youth industries; the acute crisis in specific industries, such as
coal mining and textile, where the youth are being d riven to
the forefront as the militant section of these workers; and, ast ),
the present unemployment, resulting also from rationalisation,
which affects a section of the working youth.

characterisation of the last four-year

PERIOD.

At tin* lime of the fourth (,'ongrcss of the Y.C .1* *f>c
had already adopted a general programme of Communis - |,^in

which was receiving its initial introduction, into pracia*. *n
this period up it) the present time there have been
characteristics of League work and life: — %\o^

(a) Concrctisation of the decisions on . ^ actual

through increased participation of the League *n t 1C
struggles of the young workers, j eague

(h) Organisational consolidation 1*1C ' ^

through the establishment of a better working aPP*j the
ihe liquidation of the obsolete language units a
development of some new leading forces* irvine l4>

r*s.A*

Wv The periodic factionalism ami resulting mtcrnal

on n reflection of Hie unhealthy

T .x ... r^ir^urdv on a rcitecupn 01

chms, Vase\ p , * uccn a .rreat obstacle in the pal li Of
situation, has Dun a

Party situation* has been a J-

greater progress on the part of the League,

organisational status

In the past period the organisational apparatus 1ms been
improved anti Strengthened through the licjuulnlion of the
obsolete laoeuage units, and the creation of district apparatus

obsolete language units, ana me creation •-» ’

coKirdinated nationally. I lie League as yet is -sl ill a small
-rouj. separated from the masses of the American young
workers, although some progress has hern made towards in-
i Teas mg the membership. In coni east wilh npprovim.iiely ityoo
imtnbn ^ ;ii die Kourth t ong fi*sst lo*tlny the League numbers
2,400 members, I here has been considerable fluviuffction caused
primarily by the internal vsilttaliiU) and the great turn over
iirmtialh in membership. flic social composition of the League
lias ll actuated. I p to 1937, the tendency was towards ail in-
crease in the worker elements in the League, In 1927. all
elements exclusive of students numbered 77 per cent,, while
to-day the total of all elements exclusive of students is 64 per
cent., showing a decided increase ill the Student element in the
League, which is not good. At the same time the League is still
iitsullicR-m I y rooted iit the basic industries. A decided improve,
miiii is rellci 'ted in the national composition Qf die League, by

laving to-i a> t»6 per cent, native born in contrast to approxi-
nuitdy 20-25 per cent, in 1924.

| exp. iicnuL's of the League in re-organisation have been

i vr ii 11{ 1 V 1 bavt rysuhed in few practical achievements,

artfl T° ! lc aforementioned liquidation of language units

_ni .1 * ’ Ui 1 1 iir 11 uiJ t Uilllit

ilu C t c anri knowledge gained. The League still has

r r bisk *>( organising shop groups as the prerequisite

t0r n ,atcr comphAe reorganisation*

1RAI)H I N ION AND GENERAL ACTIVITIES.

,j ” I'11''1! of mass work, the League has made

greatest achievements in economic trade union work,
j [Mr lu:p;tted bv al] of the important strikes and in some,
■S K ] :ts Lassate and mining, the League has been a very
"T11pt>r::ini factor. In these strikes the League, through its
xlr,^anst di-niands and activity, has gained the confidence of
-r:-tny Lnurs the leadership of the young workers involved. Some
I'1 the weaknesses have been the tendency to issue general
Jns'end <,f concrete denrsands, to hide the oHieiaJ fact- of the

L \g\jV^ ;tn^j |0 Train insufficient organisational results from the

ltv^ucnce achieved* . t t t

The outstanding activity of the League has been its concert-

214 YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

(ration on the mining industry for a period of four years Wk
at first tins (ended to be abstract and journalistic V»r ,
with the continued crisis in (he coal industry culminating
present strike lasting already one year and result* le

bet raynl by the bureaucracy ami the actual disintegration of
union | the League has become a vital factor in the present cJ ^
paign to win the strike and to rebuild the Miners * Union
the labour fakirs outside* This activity has expressed jtsdf
<hiring the union election and convention period, the strike periixl
with its resulting battles with the coal operators, labour fakirs
and armed forces of the State, as well as in the present cam-
paign for sav ing the union and rebuilding it, simultaneously con-
ducting an organisation drive in the unorganised fields. Ineverv
district and nationally League members arc to be found in the
leadership of the Left wing forces of the miners’ struggle* In
connection with this the League organised successful United
Front Miners1 Relief Conferences of youth organisations*

Linked up closely with our strike activity lias been one of
the basic campaigns of the League, namely, unionisation of
the youth* This is especially important because of t lie actual
lack of effort on the part of the existing unions to organise the
young workers. In some places the League has been responsible
for the organising of new unions in industries where the youth
are predominant. Experience has been gained in the calling of
youth conferences, four of which have been held to date — three
in the mining industry and one general conference*

While factory activity is conducted and a number of factory
papers issued, this work as vet shows many weaknesses,
especially an underestimation of the importance of individual
activity on the part of every League member,

1 o the present unemployment crisis the League has reatud
quickly, many times taking the leadership over the Early, tU
some serious errors, which have been made in the form of t it
demands.

1 he League has conducted a campaign, both internalh *trv
externally, against the C-M.T.C. Tills has resulted In P°P11 * *'
Inrising the League as a champion against capitalist war.

In the Unit

a pa

of m

In Ou- United I* ront activities manv mistakes* prbnan )
acilist character, were committed in 1926-27. rJ he nu> ^
n. iking united fronts only with iieltv bourgeois* liberal M* 1

01 making untied fronts only with petty bourgeois, liberal g

have been recognised and corrected to a large extent. .

While previously much of llic activity was limited to
propaganda, recently steps have been taken towards m°*f f

Crete work, such as demonstrations and the distribution
literature among marines and soldiers who were being «nl

Nicaragua and China.

2i5

U.S./v.

The weak beginnings of work inside the armed forces must

Iw greatly improved and developed- . ;

^ Recognising the important r6Ie of sports in Am . .
as a weapon of the bourgeoisie, and the lack of any workers
sport movement , it is encouraging to see the formation of the
Labour Sports Union. This, however, is still too narrow and
does not embrace the typical American working youth sport
organisations. The broadening and development of this organ isa-
lion is a main task.

Progress can also be recorded in the building and
aer hiding of (he Young Finn cent— efforts to create Farmer
Lafamr Vmiih Flubs in reach (he agrarian youth — the beginning

¥ T * MTJ9 rr

of a serious Wceiion activity by adopting an election platform,
which mWiufes a programme of social legislation for the youth

-x. 9*1- m- If* t J™ * * jm * * m

? T FT' T,a ^ f ■ - * * ^ * 1 * ' v 9 r- fin * *■»* *0 10 1 urn I t | ly y ( | j

— and liu- esiablisbmeni of n yearly series district and national
training schools.

estimation of fast period.

\M>ilv progress has been mad.- during the past period, this

':£n ,r srrt,C'n c,,aractcr- and w*s °"ly accomplished
* ' tdr°r,s nf all comrades were involved.

in. li vi <} u 'i Tm* ■ m S. ^ - 1 * C S l*1-C -vollnk workers, it has been

sat ion u It 1 -li ,UlS am no* sufficiently the League as an organ i-
involvi'-t) *aV* won the confidence and leadership of those

Vm.JilY r'yr ;iS •VOt ,s. s1liI *so,alcd f«»m the masses of typical

social and n-»r T hc- .sccn from ils sma11 membership, the
III re nt -ur. r '* composition of this membership and the small

Snir ' , 1 "1^ n 'ff,c ,nduslrks and large factories.

Sufficient flexibility and broadness in our work and nrom-r

• tent ion to lighter features and new methods adaptable ^o
America arc still lacking. - ; 8

infl °rfini*,sr,,iona,1V 'he l eague is much smaller than its general
T|u- crystallisation of this in Hue nee in organisational
nns js a task which has not yet been carried through. A
j.t weakness of llic League is the absence of shop groups

tfimt C,Cnl dcvc‘lc,Pmen‘ aad training of native local and dis-
111 elements for leadership.

prcs’,„1'er'' *s noticeable a decided lack of understanding of the
yBl wnr danger situation m the ranks of the League. This
.■«'s to many mistakes, some of which, like the pacifism men-
yf>”,,d above, have already been condemned by the E.C. of iho

Stich important activities as work among negroes, coJoninl
Ar>rk* opponent and agrarian Ikjvc boon entirely neglected, onfy
first of these receiving the sMgbtcst attention.

AUSTRIA

Tin* Y.l'.l- of Austria p.ii.'.til through urcat HriiK'^|e& (( *

Ihr pcrM nnih'i' and v’<‘» *»•>« k *i|»>n a series i*| Kl)^

rciulh<

Towards the end id mu* during iija5, the yolJn

SiN ialist League in Amnia suffered great setback*, which aliuoi,
developed into a onnplrle collapse. Uotviirrenily a |cft opposb
lion grew up inside the \*S,L, ; tins op|>ositi4,n dimitd
ncnvitv with increasing sharpness against the reformist policy of
the Central Commit lee. In the * our*** of thi* struggle inside the
TT-S- 1 — * leading oppositional comrades were expelled, which
resulted in several Viennese local organisations leaving the
League* In the summer iff 1^5 the Independent Voting Socialist
League was nigamscd, which published iiv ov\n organ and hatl
about 500 members in \ ieniia.

In the autumn ol ups the first youth delegation to the

Soviet Union w*«s organised in connection with a broad campaign
ol the League in defence of the Soviet Union. This was not only
the first youth delegation irom Austria, but the tir>r youth delega-
tion t*» the Soviet Union* In this delegation, in addition to two

Communists, there were several members of the Y.S.L, and the
new*)} organised Independent Y,S*L. After the return ol the
delegation a broad campaign was com lulled ; more than too meet-
ings were held, attended by almost 10*000 young and adult
workers.

In connection with the worsening of the economic situation
about that time, the Y.C.L, t ailed, in tlu* winter of 191$! the
first National Young Workers Congress, This Congress loc^
place in the middle vd December, in spite of the veto of the police.
Four hundred delegates attended, the majority of whom were
Social Democratic and non- Pari \ voting workers. In addition
to the resolution calling for the defence of the Soviet Union nr|
for the arming of the proletarian youth, the Congress adopR-
a lighting programme for the young workers. H*c meeting^
before and after the Congress served 10 mobilise the £
workers in the factories, particularly in Vienna, In the mi 1 cfl

January, the League held its Eighth Naliona! Congr

which was a unity congress with the Independent Y,S.L*» ^ ^
had in the meantime developed towards the Y.C*L ^ -n,*

members which the Y.C,L, achieved through the L\*S. * J°
.imounird to about three hundred.

After the Eighth National Congress, a period of rcorg*

non

and subll Station of the ofgft*

AUSTRIA 37

he on; ;i motion w.i* through,

, 1*1 1 mil of increasing rtHU'ium

n iuu 01 pi.,i - * - T

i” "" 'thJT™uc l»i.l t!.’« '•< «*••"*> *•» «<•* jg ,lm

St £&*• r«.-.,on.ry<*p.nH»«on. .rd the rMctionury

K”*Si*m lilt* J.,l> Uprising n( iW Viennese pro1.-li.riat, Hie
Y.C.i. p»avr nil it* forces i<» the service of tin- younK workers,
.itnt proved that il f ill l> uiVSi < ^tiintfs the Mlkl of tin* V* I
Our League stood in the front ranks in every struggle.

After the 15th *>f Juts the l.i-.^ur drew file correct lessons
thi-M’ events anil supported I fit* fine of tilt* f.I, in this Con-
in. (inn. .At r fit- Mime lime it eondni led ron< I recruiting work,
whi* h died m the u inning * I huge number* <d new members,

I hi*, hiiu rv n , did u»if express it*eJf m a great inrmisi* o ( the
Y.CJm iurttiliri a* ,1 great number the older members
transferred into the Seventy per cent, of the

\ it lint Kf i nm ‘ganisal ieii, Mr iiR Mn* i‘, at t ftt,*H J OUllg members who
joint'd tJ!lr League only in mj-.

Sun miing- up, we s;0 Hint t(ie situation of the League is

iVoIfu-l hnml I hV ‘t/’,n ..sl.l,,w T"* h!‘-^nu-nts On

difScufties, which mus/ be aorv^°tl^m?n*W^P c*‘cat*< •*'r‘,a‘
the firm fcadcrsliip of tin- < ra| Connniu,... pr i< WOfk ,,ntJ*‘r

BALKAN COUNTRIES

The Almgglc luMwcen the bourgeoisie and proletariat tir
Balkan Slates for influence on l lie young workers niu| rv>
you'll has beeimie extremely slmip during the last f<n»r
I he wracks of the reaction against the Communm i)Uiv'^4
were mainly tlircelnl against ilie Communist youth. |n ^
struggle our Balkan Leagues played a heroic pan. jt1
struggle for the winning over of the young workers the
gcoKie not only set up its own organisations and formed neutn!
organisations, but endeavoured by physical means to exterminate
the League. The Leagues in the Balkans suffered heavy fosses *
thousands of our comrades languish in prisons and hundreds have
died in the struggle.

Despite these extremely difficult circumstances (strict ilio
guilty, white terror), and in spiv of several defeats, the Balkan
Leagues have not ceased their work. At the present moment
thrv are somewhat weak numerically, but despite their slow
growth, tin’ Leagues have great influence among the young
workers and peasants. Wide masses of young workers partici-
pated in the various campaigns conducted by the Leagues*
such as the International Day of Youth, struggle against
war on the Soviet V nion (Greece and Rumania), cam-

paign for the sent hug of a youth delegation to the
Soviet Lnum (Greece, Bulgaria, and J ugo - Slavia). The
political activity of the Balkan Leagues is to he found
in their active participation in the political life of the Com-
munist Parlies, In Inner Purtv questions the Leagues stood hrm
for the line of :lic Y.C.L anti the C.L : in the struggle a^»sj
opportunism and liquUlatOry elements (Greece)* against i
Wing tendencies and fractional struggle (Jugoslavia), agam
all waverings and for complete acknowledgement ot *dl irr°r j
against legalism (limiting work within legal restrictions) an
liquidation tendencies (Bulgaria and Rumania).

The Balkan Leagues have acquired a certain amount o
pericncc in the sphere of legal forms of work*

Economic trade union work has been conducted
poorly. Press agitation and propaganda was conduct et >>l ^

torily only by the Creek League. The JugO^SIavian Lcag^^ ^
the only League regularly to publish an illegal press. ^ ^
exception of the Bulgarian league, no work against ^ofj.
nents has been conti ui lech Some activities in anti-mild-v^
was conducted by the Greek, and partially by the . jb* ^
League. Fairly energetic work was carried out
peasant youth.

i! a | KAN COUNTRIES 2,<>

’ *, . ,..,iPiri.(i under conditions

The Greek ft’r n of'fhe^ictatorsbip ot [‘untfalos (from

wJIty. but ufttr the fall V lL,„ legal. Vp

„l in.-B .liiy. but uitur tn. ™ - W faRul. I P

"• ; , sssrfft&s &

«Mfa tl» Cr.fb I..-..B."-, Zt. .far Or.-.*

, t u.,.t *,r^:iiisfarlorv* In rcnriiiii}.

Greek Uague waM-nsati^ l**\ i-> Con^.

UiiptiC, with the md of the of lit • ■ ■ .,M s»!icre*»

™> It tint tine putt ~u ~^JS£Sf .£

„„,k. th. &«* u,,Ku, ■» ...... ;

Y.C.I. which c:tn liottst <if it ccjim Ios mliiix "l "« « mt“ r> *]
imj tlic pas* vc.tr: duriiifr this period Hie l.c*otf«ir hits in* rt asccl lo
,f('rrl. fi< previous membership. Owintf to H> aciiw pobti-

i ,ii work, the League at the present ntonicnr plays an important
rofr ie» flic Greek I^iIm ntr Movement, It lias also played a large
part in (lie snuggle against the liqiiid;i#ifmal tendencies within the
Party arid in l hr liquidation of the Party crisis. The Greek
V.(\L, is the mjiJv youth organisation of young workers in Greece,
The League publishes a weekly paper with a sale of 9,000 copies,
and a monthly journal for its leading members with a sale of 2 soo
copies. Despite II* ffn,i. numerical growth, there still exhtel
**“ discrcpaney between the organisational rtreneth of the
Hrcrk Leap, K. .-«n, Mrs political influence. The League has con-
\ <>t mass campaigns. Nearly xo per cent of the

UrMp h organli.! in factor, Broi.pl!

SUfrCrS. fr<>m a Iack of active workers. The task
,l at tile moment is preparation for work under

a^U toUdUtoto. following, on ,his >be struggle for „

IrJtZ?? ,'rT lhc :"r“re-'"c..'io.n<l papers and journals, the
,>:k L Pl,bh»hcs it paper for students and « The Communist

2"; fifteen pamphlets have already be^'is
fCOnom,c tra(k* muon work is unsatisfactory. alth™,„i, ,i.„ r

, "t,rK ’s unsatisfactory, although the I

^ trreat mfluence, for instance, among young tobacco workers

1;:: ;r:ul H the League led several strikes of adult
•Hars. ’i outh sections exist in several trade unions \t the

‘»o»u nt th.. League is carrying out systematic propaLrancH

,r >ne organisation of youth sections in all trade unions. The
''null, or of organisations in the villages continuously increases and
Q-vcra| village conferences have been held-

The League founded the Anti-Fascist GuarcL** which
rt*idy by the end of iq-T* consisted of 700 young workers, half
whoin were non-Party-

l he League conducts a certain amount of work In the
Workers' Sports Movement; J,-?oo young workers arc members
H,f Workertt* rlults which are under League influence, »i.l

workers* clu!>s which are under league mfluence. At the
^CS«U moment the League is carrying out a campaign for the
Nation of a Workers1 Sports League,

.... YOU NO COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

The JuK« Slav&ui League began «criou ^ v,..rk ,mlv

after the’ break-up of (hr legal Worker*' l eaguc of Youth £

White tile farmer tirgiinhntion existed legally i|„. j)lct,a)
M( Uviiie# nt the \ .C.L. were very weak. Now tin- League fairly
,, , iili.rb (m • ill two month') publishes ait ilUrjj.il paper Th$

^ Bolshevik issued in sen.-r.it tlimis uul t opics. Groups

im- organised in many factories. However, the inner life of the
Keuuuc ormmisa'ions is \ cry pi«*r. I tie work of the mtt'lci is
evetplionalk weak. I burnt; »»>•* l«‘“‘ lw“ »r due- years the social
composition of the 1 .e.-tguc lias improve*!.

In July. iqit*. the I'hiril League Congress wan held. Tlu-
previous activities of the league were . rilfciscd in a Bolshevik
fashion anil the main future tasks on 'lined. I’p till the time uf
this Conference practically no i rrulo union work had been con-
1 1 UC toil. A sectarian tendency exists within the League (Mare-

ilunitl).’ The Congress cmisider vil very thoroughly all questions
lel.i-inV to mass League activities; work within the trade unions
(youth sections), and amongst youth peasant organisations, and
the vouth ot opp.esseil nationalities, questions of struggle against
l>'n seism and work in the army, and also the questions of Com.
nmnisi edm ntiomd work. Us influence among the young worker*
grew, and organisationally the League was strengthened I he
Lsicue commenced w-.rk within the trade unions. The JUgO-
Skivian League paid Insufficient aUefttfOn to the pussdnhl.es o
legal activities. Up to the present only a small number of
youth sections were organised within the trade unions -

necessary to nien ion that in this work the League meets voth
Opposition from the Conservative and Night Wing cater
of the trade unions. , .

The Lea true bus practically no organisations m the
regions — m Slovenia and partly in Voivodim^—w ^ ^

large Parly or^anisa*u»nsf and also in various peasant t _ anti-
Croat ta and Bosnia* Despite the existing danger o ^

milUnriM woik is only in its element ary suntfe* ;'”1 within

mafia has ii Iwscn conducted a* all intensively- 1L ^pressed
pcas;uii organisations and amongst the youth ot _ ^ league
peoples \va> very weak. The technical apparatus «►
also leaves much to be desired* ^ ^

During the las* year the League has suffered year5

losses in the struggle against reaction* During the Ptl* the

the leading cadres of the League, owing to the brc*i '

League, have changed three or four times* iV

* the inner 1 11 *

The League placed an important part u\ st3eial

struggle, particular!*, in the fight against the isg1 f $c^T' ^
crutfc tendencies within the Party. With the eseeptu

BALKAN COUNTRIES

2 JI

• ifui l n ague in all questions curried out H» W»«

sfj^hi wavering*! the Peag i

ofihe V.G.l. and the C.L W.vrhl Congress

j.-omtli World Congress

thniugh.. in Ito d top.

,m-nt ft) The period before it was broken up m enne, tmn wit i
rlitU on the Sofia Cathedral (mass murder ^

men - T w period before U tM broken up it. tenneetum won
Ibe iiitnlk on the Sofia Cathedral (mass murder, mass arrest*,
mil„; death sentences, and a number of tong-term imprisonment

i,V period before the raid* in September, 1916 j (.0 Period frrjm
September, rgjt». m the present Line. In all these three periods,
thr Y.C.L, struggled, in I lie face i*t unluMrd-tif terror, *hc like
of vvlmh hus not been seen in any oilier country, lo carry out
.11 • i\ v ( \ nninmihl work among 1 he young wofktTx

Tin Jit '-i i >i ° r ioj hegan i rnnir* liatel y al'ei I lie defeat of I hi*
SrplrjiiJjcr uprising in icj*? Tin1 League was soon aide to bring
together i(n f<*n c> and l>egin mergrlie illegal^ as well as k^nl*
at tiiiries. slhnveff gn .u political a> ti\i'y, and organised wide
mass dr nifjnxinftitms, in which young workers and peasants p-i rt i-
< ipiited, At tire hegininng of mk.S H numheretf members; i*

was nrgaiiiM <f on a factory group basis, and conducted intense e
«,nk within die tr;ufe unions, and le<l various lejjal organisations
(spt.ns, eulinraJ, etc.). \t,ar* from I he publiciilion of regular
Ne d ;.n<f illegal papers, the League also issued leaflets, factory
papers nnd several pamphlets. The League was able successfully

TO eofulilvl the l 111 let | Front III lie \ y*:* c ‘ ti {

- V runi Ul* 1 bin ilie League an ini cn-

M\t u hit a hoard c,'m]p*tl,rn took nf *k * - ■

1 P*»r*n place lor the purpose of training

’zj: h**~ in <*#*4

i,„ I, i7uT|li T ",kI ,',,:'r.'.'ttTisccl b>- the endeavour to nt

X23 ST ■ Cl’ reik'n"1 afU r »*• s"«" Thi.

•> mu u (i within siv m.bd I. .

appearing

Drsai-p ,i. . , slN ^ninths (middle of September, iqzO).

revive its ?.V!sr”,‘1K. conditions, the League was able

lhe Sofi-i S ' rNa”,^l,ons in the most important districts. After
mne n!TVCrntS. tiobilised all its forces for the w in-

g™5n|J;. ,J t,,e >°lllh- .A number of bourgeois and neutral
£ .l,7we formal. Nevertheless, our League was able-

A- rv " W,B ■ U- C°nr,dcnc" of thc y°un« workers, cause crises to
*hLP T « tvario“*J bourgeois organisations, and again to
i Wvc leading rAles w.th.n various legal organisations of work-

k -mt! peasant youth. In the sphere of its legal activities, tiro
-,Jk'ia- committed a number of opportunist mistakes f tactic of
'"te.i Front w it It the Socialist Youth League), which were, how--
tVcr. liquidated with the assistance of tlie Y.C.I.

hr September, 1926, the C.C. ami lending cadres of the im-
P°rtanf League organisations were broken up. I'oltowing on this
t'UJVE mass arrests, mass penal scrviturle sentences, terror, etc.

222 YOUNG COM MT MS I' I\tTERNATIQMAI

Again before the League stood the task of reviving its ^
i ii it I organisation. In this roiunvlion much has

the present moment this i.»*k tuts not yet been comnleieti, *f‘ ^ al
The Lciifiiu- ftH‘ri'i,*it';iUv fought gainst lu(uidaiii.n * ,

which existed within the Htilg;tri:iit Parly and against th» i •
to conduct its work only within Ivcal limits. Tl,,. i c. ****

work tinder cxlfruiih dilhcim umih'ions : 'Hu* u

last attack on the League have mil ye I been thoroughly liquid-it *1
and (a) the necessity of cnergetk simple against liqaida’.iefi and
opportunist tendencies. Reaction ami ilie police <>f the kv \v
(lovmiment cause the piciw'Ii ol a muss movement of Vou
workers ant! peasants. Thr S' AM.., despite all difficulties, hat
been able to plan* itself at the head of this movement. The polhi*
cal activities ol young workers and peasants develop under the
slogans of the League. The young workers within the bourgeois
and Fascist sport organisations arc gradually moving le It wards.
The trade union work of the League is not very satisfactory,
but great successes have been arrived at in the utilisation of legal
possibilities. The l vague conducted several good campaigns; for
amnesty of political prisoners, the sending of a youth delegation
to the Soviet l/nion, isi May Celebrations, etc.

Rumanian League.- After the World Congress the Rumanian
League, despite the heav y blow s of the reaction winch at one time
was able simultaneously to break up nearly all League organisa-
tions, had to fulfil three main tasks placet! before it by the Fourth
Congress: (i) I'niting under the leadership of the C.t* five

different Y+C\L> organisations, which up to 1924 had existed in-
dependently in various provinces ; (2^ take an active part in the
political life of the Party (struggle for independence of Bessarabia
campaign in connection with the Tatar-Bunar case, participation
in municipal arid Parliamentary elections, winning oyer of youni,
unemployed workers, strike of printing workers) ; active parti cipa
lion in Party work (struggle against liquidation tendencies, |k"
against Kristeseu and against various other deviations)* ^

The League actively participated in the revival of 1 L a ^
organisation. As a result * > f innumerable attacks on the
a is organisationally very weak* The level of tindergrv>unt ^ ^
is very low. At the present moment more than 50° nHl11
the League are imprisoned, tl(l ^3$

The League conducts energetic trade union work, j0fl
been successful in winning the leadership of several tra c .jng,
organisations. Work amongst the peasant youth is V11 ■ •liiarrst
and several village groups arc in existence, Lhc anti n

work of *he Rumanian League has been very weak. t.njnBb+*
l be League publishes its organ, 11 The Young \{ufk*
irregularly, in editions of 450-500, in Russian, Ruffian1
garian, and German.

The bourgeoisie of the “ independent K?.V^ V sl;(l,ilisol
Baltic States, placed in power by the f 1

their economic position by mcrcUMng I t

‘heir economic . \ the ...rkulttirnl districts

workers and the proletarian elements of '< K . . , j

and by increasing .he ralca, Ihut In.. In-. "di

heavily taxed peasant) anti *1 *

bourgeoisie* t r , ,

/i L fjuite natural ihat such steps should ri >USr the uissatislnc-

thm of the enlightened masses of these countries, a most vivid

example of which i> the Estbonian rising in December, 1924*

Vi the same time, it is well to note that the bourgeoisie of

ttivw countries nmjntaiil power mainly through the support Ol

internal iimal imperialism. Thu smdal democratic parlies, which

in these countries were either in power themselves or in coalition

with the bourgeoisie, served the Jailer to the best of their ability*

In view oJ the international and the internal situations of

ilww countries, tin- revolutionary niovvmcni is cominuallv repres-

Mil Aim I pt-rsctim-tl. In Lithuania it is not only illegal' to be a

V ^ * ^UT IX ru a trade union under the influence

Slnc%thc fourth Congress our Leagues in the
1 \ i .'i iS suffered the most terrible persecution from the

T . fr°m Kasc'sm‘ Some of them, such as the
of irm i*3 3 1 1 a*lma.n;an Lcag'ues, have gtaie through the fire

and l ,SN VirUkTkV ^rstbb during the rising in Ksthonia in
im ly» during the fascist coup in Lithuania in 1926.

iniVimK^I1^ |VCr° ,OSI ’n b°th and niany

rU{,nt lL lH 1 >otls ; ^ome were sentenced to life imprison-

[>rcsi f ' * ■ Leagues had to mobilise their forces in order to

Part- * * i K ir l x^*vncet 5=0 that together with the communist
cUtn* * K V rou,d against either the already existing Fas-

ill ’ "l liic threatened Fascist coup* hi this struggle

JV1 °lir Leagues, with the exception of the Finnish, lost

_ nr legality. But in spite of the difficult conditions of work,

. PM seditions and illegality, our Leagues were able to re-
nrg;mise their ranks, to develop and strengthen their illegal
kanisatiotis, and. with very ltiw exceptions, 10 escape making
Il!1y important political mistakes.

FINLAND.

The hiimish Y.C.L- existed legally until 1934, when the
Tv:^ linnary government dcclami it tube illegal. In 1955 it again

}!1 YOU Mi'. COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL

ItlwnpUd M oxta X* “ leur"1 Organisation, hut wa* again for-
bidden I1' rum ih.it |j<-» it"’ hg;d V.IM.., having i

bn* iii t »f J ^ .. cm no I to exist a* mh h.

I low i*vci , in l In* Finnish l eague commenc'd to re

ornnike ii- u">k*. >"> the bu-i* of illegality. At find, its illegal
^ruups cmoisU'd iif loo members, ami at tin* beginning of »},$
(In n- want nearly (xxj members ami lit 1 \ factory groups jn

| T 1 nut ><r ' * r* — * in

existence. At the end * »f kjj6 there iliil not exist more than seven
factory groups.

At the same time, the illegal YAM., controlled a wide net.
work of various type* "I eiilttir.il and other legal youth organisa-
tions, consisting of io,ooo members.

In in.’s the legal organ of the S A M., was no longer puli-
l i shed, but instead, n weekly literary journal, with a - ale of 10,000
topics. \n illegal publication appears monthly, numbering 250-100

copies.

riie League lakes part in economic campaigns, conducted by
the Party. Although the economic demands and aims of the
League have now become eonsidcrablv more practical, never*
tlieless. only the first steps in Ibis field of work have been
attempted, and much has yet to lx* done.

The work of organising the young workers into trade uttw>ns
is cm a much better hx*ting. 1 he ^ .C. 1.. controls a ^ wide netwo ^
of youth committees in left ami reformist trade unions During
iht* past year the League has done a lot of work in the tarnation
i 1 it- fractions ill the various departments of trade unions. ■
the beginning of igay it had five trade muon fractions; now
are sixty.

Together with the Party, the League conducted a numln ^
political 4 am patens. Apart from panic! pat ion in genera ■ P.
let arum holidays, such as ist May, the organisation o ) ^

holidays, or the 1m cr national Day of Youth, the League
actively took part in the Elections o( 1925 and 19-7*

■ ||. |j ^ v

While conducting general anti-militarist propagai^
League also conducts systematic preparatory work among*
cruits*

]'ick of

The weak points in the work of the League arw . ' fo the
org anisat iowd work in the army, :i too general appro:l‘ ^ pjn.
needs of tin- peasant youth (with the exception of N’ort !C ,sien'-
landk and also an Under-estimation of the importance ^ " ^^.j^ich
•'tic work in social-democratic and peasant organisai' *

haltic states

JJ5

Youth) is

LITHUANIA.

T d^'T^me0nft oH "!"? to

i,K.k the following hno , At member*

I Member* *9*6, l*11' ’‘!l ■ f ,i1(. y c \. Although

L, ui the lime of the Fourth C bngres. of the Y.<L£ ^ ^ ^

tlie league greatly suffered, owing n» » * _ f(u t(iry

iht cent* mote members than diirti 4, ■ WWU Jncr

ernu is The League organ » Darhininku jammn.is (W ork.fl g

Youth) is published illegal " l'..* a circulation of 600 tropic*.

r!„ f„.Iiti.al mistake made by the LltllUaman

|th t ..ngress, m ct.nneriinti with the l as. ist coup, WAS

tli.it tlici, as also the Parly, dill «>■-< estimate Curm’liy the petil-

(itiiirg. .-is g,i\'ci imiciii, nal ionafts I * ami mk'i.iI iji'tutitTflls, ami

its inahiliti to pfai a leading r*‘>le in the tight against Fascism, As

a result ol this, tin- league im ormtly estimated the main tasks

of mobilising l he greater masses of young workers and peasants

fur the light against Kascism under the control of the Party.

Com riiting itself wh ft general propaganda against Fascism,

111. League, at lh< same lime, did not make the utmost use Ilf the

inabilities f'T establishing itself amongst the masses. However

wi"' «>f the E.C., V.C.l, the League was enabled

to rectify Us lute.

Hi Uu f u\>k f >f t 1 ic League at the present moment consists

, ”f.>ou,'¥ «•»*«* l» "><■ «kM against Ihi-

in r.

tht* pL-ic, A JLJ*. .j?! l'"IH:n^,'sts to annex Lithuania, against

I;.. * .. . . , 1 dirncx Liuuiuma, iicamsi

I ithuani't ' ^ ?r^*P VaM*?m:u ;,s ; and aj£ainM x\w im JuNiun

■ LiUiu;iiiia m Hu- anti.SuvW r. -

it>r iii-, 1 _ ' ■ >v*(t hloc. I hercforci it is necessary

2 tkT. riinw!T Z n, w for<11s °r ,e#ral work, and to conduct

Mdi-nninnl 1 - T : kai won<* ann u* contlucl

wwiir* m Kkk* *ig;imsi the social democratic and K^srist

esthonia,

Ml"! 1 December rising of 19^*1, the

1 'l ^fi'a* number of its most active and leading mem-
' J11Jn|hiT oi liH'al organisations were also broken up an<I
;rii i" M ' 15 uas possible for the League 10 exist only as an

i|( ^k-mjsation, and it is therefore easily understood that this
. 1 y die organisational weakening of * h< League, decreased
'■■'iiwrship, and also ilu- extent of its aciivities.

, N’<vnihdcss, ideologically and politically the League

' 'dl!h-M r. tnn of ife I ....J ^ t * . ■

( ,l,llht‘d firm* Its estimation of its tasks under new conditions
■ .correct, namely, the rallying <>f the young workers for new
'* s if fi*s against reaction in more favourable circumstances*

llie Lua^tie paid more attention to iht- political education of
members. It published its central organ ,4 fhe Young Pro-

'* a..*.. ;tc Mimnatons the lA-anu: also tTHiifurlrrl a

■ ti ynUNi; COMMI-NIST INTKRNATIONai

LVintp*ti|;n IVolNkyism .md fought ug;LmM the iK.rm * .

ill I nrf^vi^m within llu- r.uikH id the thirty and

Tlir U\^ks w ti>l 1 1 (hr I cagiit* m-1 m ihv spherr

* intuit: light • » l tlw- young workers in iiuluMr v and a^riciii t >r

(u)it' iv idvO<^ rSrh peasant ImMi-rs ixplnit nt>| un\y Ymt\h
atanrliikl labour) sin1, tint pm ijiiiit'

iHirmi * *

lift!' K'dhom.m Lcagin- aUo umdu. K a uule anti-war i‘am
paip anil a campaign figuinsi the attempts of flits bourgeoisie to

ih'pri v "v vonng soldiers* nl a vuti*.

\i tin- same iitm\ ihe League exposes the *k Leftism ” of tlv
sue i :il ilviitiH*ratu amt nilu*t opportunist y,uth organisations^ and
conducts a light agiinM the N mmg People's Christian Leagiu
amt othei bourgeois am! M‘im-fa>cisi youth organisations,

hi endeavouring to regain Us legal basis, the Ivsihoctian
YA .L* pays great aUeiit ion to sport ami legal cultural political
work,

LATVIA.

In 10J5 tlie V.( of Latvia suffered greatly* and as a result
of many arrests at llu* t on ire and the IkjuhUition of a number
ot bn -at organisations, all the work of the League, and particular)*
its legal activities, was considerably reduced.

However, during the same year* owing to the endeavours of
the League, the Youth Sections of the Trade Cnfcms began to
develop wider activities. l ive main mistake made in its further
work, lies in mil paying sufficient at ten l inn to the concrete
demands of the young workers, hut laying too much stress 011 the
political struggle.

Despite many difficulties in its work, despite terror and
persecution, the Y.C.L. of Latvia in the following years u.o
able to recon st m< t U> ranks. Amongst iu successes i» us* k
recorded the considerably increased political f6Ie and inftucno
ot the league amongst the young workers; the orgsuusatien-i
strengthening „f tin: League;' and tlu* work amongst youth sec-
tions in llic Trade Unions. ,

During the past two \ t-ars the League Has condutud ^
campaigns together with’ the Parly and independently* a glJ
instance : Campaign against the preparation of v;|r 1 lV,j(v.
campaign against the Trotskyist opposition in the Russian ‘ '
International Votiti, Day, etc, <n-

°n International Vouth Day during the past fevv.* 0{
10,000 >5.000 young workers have participated. At %vi,iTc

tin1 League in Riga there arc attendances of t,o°° '* i«'

t*i. Social democratic organisation tan not muster more
young workers.

BALTIC STATES

1.17

1 f , I,., 1 An(rf|A ctj ffered from srvtT^il
*. 1 1 mine c. the work of the League mu hi***

Xcvcrlhcless, >IU of nrincipm.

, t * or two cases from iimuiK** 111 i,,IM *

^ mistake, which were ««>■-

know the latter aw < T,“ 4 , , ' ,,,,,1 tea, I the

,,r,.,s,Kamla. wtech. .1 *«k - • ' " ■ ’ '

Ijcague on the reformist pneififtt puli

militarism. Other vv‘ rc |IJ*. "‘,l * *V - . ll)(j

Vouth Sections, the economic (tlognrts winch v\. r< «
general , and too vague at. apj.t. a. h to tin- »• - ,N ..l tin >•« ■»»
workers and peasants; lark of work niiiiMtK»t tin- youth, and too
little iitlc-iiiiofi paid t«» ihc umk h’gaJ i uganisar ions*

Thr riKiiti of tlir Kstlimhafi l-iaguir at ihv present

nii^iiirui *iiv Npi- fight agidnst fin- iurtiifiirr of Limisiii and social

ilviiM. -r;i» tm ihf young «orkrr>* orgatiNmg *»f thr masses for

frtrugglr J thilm ,ti») vxpf^urc <d sorin] democracy.

LATIN AMERICA

I |,r sil until in in Latin Amerira offers gtxxi possibilities for
i In- (Itrvt-lopim-nl of tuir movement. Tlw proletariat in these
rmmtries i*> not very tlevrlitpetl, but everywhere an increasing
proletarianisation of the working masses, due to thu development
i»[ industry, is mitieeahle, In aililiiUm to the i evolutionary

workors* movement. tllt-n- also exists an anti-militarist movement
(directed parti* ularly ugainxt North Ameriran capitalism) which
in addition to the workers also rallies the poor peasants ami a
section of the petty bourgeoisie.

The youth pin vs a particularly great Wile, in view of the high
percentage of young workers in industry (alxmi thirty per cent.).

Our organisations in Latin America are not very strong, hut
the general situation makes a great strengthening possible.
There arc hardly anv Social- Democratic youth organisations.
This makes it possible for us to work in fertile soil, as far
as the organisation of a class movement is concerned. We do
not want to sav, however, that there are no strong opponents
to lx- fought. Our chief task in the countries where Communist
Parties exist, or where the bases for such exist, is to organise
Y C 1 s. This is the ease in Cuba, where the C.1*. leads a broad
mass movement; in Kquatlor and Colombia, where vve can g*
the support of some section of the old Socialist art)> nn
Chili, where onb a reorganisation i* necessary. In the coun r
— -such as Argentine, Brazil, l rugiiav, Mexico w icrc wc ■
our stronger organisations, a further strengthening ° . ‘

an absolute necessity, in oriler to overcome the difference be
our organisational strength and our influence. .

In Equador, a federation of the revolutionary^ >
which contains a considerable number of Comnnmi> S ' *s.

and non-Party elements in its ranks. Such orgnnisa to - ^

though not centralised, in Mon ICO. Comrades m t c ^^jjation
movement in Peru proposed also to create such orJ:' *s
in their country'. The programmes of these organza ^ ^ ^fy
the first place anti-imperialist, which renders n P°**1 J
broad masses of workers, peasants and students. 10

We are confronted with the question of wba io be

take up towards these organisations. This wi

solved by the Fifth W oriel Congress.

nti a ra

In connection with the anthimpcrlalist move me % ^ will

strong Left movement of the students has taken ^ve-

be a mistake to organise a separate Communist ^ 11 ^ voju ?
merit Our Leagues must set up fractions in the re

Iv ATI N AMERICA

■ • - in oriler to bring at*”*1 rtn fl,l,f,nCC

, orirani^dions, m

*iU'knts, ^ -.1 nnnr neasants. . . ,i„.

ith

: worker* and poor ^ not participate in the trade

In in. my countnc* the ) . :s \i«rv wrak* I 111 ltn

foe work •* B,t . ' K^Tdemamis a decisive Improvement

union w«wi* m.lMsirv demamls a on ""i

*<1 Conference of <-»>'!>

actively pnrfn'ipnle

to organised, Mu. you k This will bring forward

Lta^SSTsS* 1 -TuS America.

11 Our Leaeiie* haw in general «•’ lon wtlfttCVCr «|*l»

j uni- who ire the strongest elements in dll ihr mutinies

I Ik* pra^iitil f) i vmo ,im 111 f* « • .a* .. in UeIVJ»

.a i i tin Vint-rii a. I liis ix a .serious question, wht. It vuH to

Latin America. lias »x a serious -

t>t* i 1M V fSlig*iti+<Ji ^ ^ t

Oiif MpjHtfinith ;ift' f t pn^ri * n* 3 in (h< ^ » *M . t * A . , t , ithokc

Vourh I*t'itgtit% ami Ujc bourgrwis ^pnri movement. Wc
must dcirlup a broad * ampaign struggle against these
organism ions, which have many young workers in their ranks.
Particularly the V.ALC.A, must be fought as a direct supporter
nf North V Mir r if an f mjn r ialism. The workers’ sport movrmnit,
which las a certain b:iM>, must be further developed.

I Ha lavigue I'fimlucts activit y in various mass organisa-

ttoafli such as educational, music, art, women’s organisation*,
rtc. Has is Very useful work, which must’ be tamlinued and im-
hi order tf> put our Leagues into a position to raoduct
aork 111 all fields, we must raise their present very low theoretical
, * I tjj.ir attention must be given to organisational ques-
tions Without internal stabilisation of our organisations, no
■il prt»gri‘>s will be possible* Fluctuation is very strong,
in nifinbership, but also in organisal ion. We rnust lav
stress on the winning of all basic workers from the factories
^ on their organisation in fncto^ groups. In the following
^hatl give some details on the most important countries*

argentine*

The Argentine League was represented at the Fourth World
,jnj£n*ss, lmt not till Ucccmber, was I lie League formally

;^tituted with a Central Committee elected by Congress, On
occasion the whole League ttx^k a stand against a sabotaging
**&upf which was expelled from the Party. .After the Congress
^ League made progress- io 1926-27 a broad campaign
^ng the recruits was conducted, which le<f to the arrest and
'fence of a number of comrades. The League organ, *4 Jilveh-
^ Communista,” has a circidatiori of 'I fie children’s

^nismion numbers 3°°- rhc Red Spor,s O^n.saiion fans
2.000 members.

Tl,; League numbers at the P^sent moment ,,oo members.

3J« VOUNfi COMMUNIST I NTKR NATIONAL,

9oo of whom reside in the city of Buenos* A ires. A Lermu-.
wns orgmtfoed, nml some trade union work conducted L sc”°°l
During the Inst crisis of the Argentine Parly* tin* m - .
t>l the 1 t A ( I :md u section nl' the nutnU^hip Mmpu^??r?y
opportunist splitting movement under the leadership o/iv-rV' "c
Thu \XIi sent instruction^ demanding tin ilk at ion of the m ^

merit.

MMXICO.

Thu Y.C.L. numbers fioop tin* Red Young Pioneers’ | , , .
SaO members. Both organisations always participate in demon
strStions and workers’ and peasants' conferences. During t|>
Miners1 Strike the League developed verj good activity. Our
comrades participated in the leadership of several autonomous
trade unions. In general, however, the League does not conduit
any work in the trade unions. Some work has, however, been
developed in mass organisations of the workers* peasants,
students, anti women.

CHILI.

Prior to the coup d’etat of General Huificz* who forced our
movement into illegality* our league had eons i durable strength.
The League numbered 500 members, ami published its monthly
organ in 2,500 copies. At present preparations for illegal work
have been undertaken.

BRAZIL.

The Party organised a Y.C.L. in the beginning of t9-5- Fhe
League could not properly develop* as it was forced into illegality
a few months after its inception. In spite of that, however, it
continues to carry on activity. A certain number of laejerj
groups exist in the factories* particularly in Rio de Janeiro. ™
illegal monthly organ, “The Young Communist, M is puWtsiwc
in over 500 copies. Some activity is conducted in the rtmMi
lionary trade unions, among the students, and in the worku
sports groups organised by the employers. . j

The League very actively participated in the recent P011^^
elections, which brought such successes to the Party, in 5Ptlc
illegality.

URUGUAY.

The League was organised in 1935. In 1926**7 '* sU|?Jjy^i,
the Party in the struggle against the opportunist leader
who was expelled from the Party. anistfd

At the present moment it numbers 200 members or^' p*.
in three districts. In Montevideo there are three factory tJ ^
In this city, in which the majority of the League nK^c fort-
ies ides, eighty per cent, uf the members are workers.

T.ATIX AMERICA -3*

l .1.. c,nlral organ. « Kstrtlla Rojft," is published in ».ooo-
IttoVoijirs. In addition live factory papers arc bring issued,
JSghnot regularly. The Fourth League Congress m Nov.-m-
Imt. ii)3t. and the Montevideo Conference m Man b, lt,i ‘
■Ui'idcd upon a series of measures for strengthening of the
organisation and agitation among the masses. A school was
organised and several campaigns conducted, such as International
Youth Week. Lenin Week, etc. The Children's organisation
numbers 500, the Red Workers ' Sports Federation 1,000
members.

OTHER LEAGUES

Itafcldr* tlu* mh;iii>hh f» t ih, y,r \ #h,.

I'll ■ *1 '111 I Villi* ft ,yLI ,

wi t. ilr-M riltctl iith.vc, ilicic art- also v t- i . • 1 ™ which

< nti.i.lj*. Australia, lle1Kium. Holland „ ,ow,"e

Spain, Switzerland, Denmark, Portuirnl iwlm.i "Kar>.

Aliiicfs, V„„,K <!,uum !„ L,'h

Iiitluiiti tile Philippines, and Kgypl* - ^unberg,

The V.(M. «f Cana, la numbers HSo members, issues rrifM
I.Mh » bl-monll.ly paper, ami developed quite extensile actX
m the field oi struggle for economic demands of the youth Th
l eague has organised various young workers* strikes parti '

laily in the mining imluslry, and participated in a leading caoaehJ
tii jutrakesi of ilie adult workers* * ^

The Y.C. L. of Australia was organised in iq^S. Prior to
that then- were only individual young Communist groups in
existence. Ai the present moment Y.C.L. groups arc organised

m various big rilivs of Australia,

U\ llu> larger cities oi Algiers and Tunis YX\L, groups exist,
which are under i lit* <lii cct leadership uf the 1IX\ of live YX.L
o( I 'ranee, hi l unis several youth strikes have been organist
by the Y.C.L.

tu South Afriea wr have had organisations since 1935. They
are developing also aniuny the negro population and are active
arming line vuung workers of tile European colonist dements*

The Y # C . 1 ** of Belgium issues regularly two newspapers, one
in French and one in Flemish. It numbers 200 members. The
League actively participated on the side of the CM. in the recent
Tarty discussion. A commencement in economic trade union
work has been undertaken.

rite V , C*L. of Holland has 500 members. During the la>t
period it conducted a series of campaigns among the young
workers (particularly in the textile industry) with much success*
and it publishes regularly several factory and reservists papco*
Organisationally, however, the influence of the League is we
and it has not yet been rooted in the factories* .

The Hungarian YX*L. leads a heroic struggle against
Terror , During recent years bourgeois prison justice has _
the League of its best leading elements. 1 he League has
influence among the young workers, organised lH

unions. # niolctc

The Y.C.L.S of Spain and Portugal work m comf

illegality. The Spanish League regularly issued its organ- *

The Y ALL. of Switzerland has .30 members and pub^

a paper, although not regularly*

The Y.C.L* of Denmark numbers 150 member?*- 0

In Iceland a YXYL. exists with a membership of a

Statutes of the Y.C.l.

I PRINCIPLES AND STRUCTURE 0I: THE V*C*1,

i. The tasks to be carried nut on ati internal imud scab' nre
the winning over of the working youth of all rmnn r r u s for the
aims of Communism and for the rsMlilisluiient proletarian dic-
tatorship. necessary fur the rcabsal umi iii ^ < ‘mriiuiiistii* I fie
working vmiuIi dioitld In* educated and urganisej 1111 l lie basis of
;h rn - |i;i# Iii .1p.1i *hi in the r< ■*4»luti< mar > iruormmi of die prole-
lariat and 111 ft* ■aMjggJr^ again**! ■ apilaJisttt, and pa r t teulurlv
against jniperiali^11 uar>. f fii n ii.f t\ the V oting C ommunist
League^ w hi, h -trr lighting for itn- aims of 1 Ji<* Ca mini uni nt Inter-*
natUHiaf arid mill ir for the political, ei otiomie and cultural de*
numils of the wirkiii^' ><>ntli in -.-xn, :,n,| country, and for their

ir« lu-i,..i into ill.* ( oiimiiiniM lmt rnnl i«n;il ;m<l co-ordination ix

f""J" < *>■■■■»*«*-, i*artic», have ,Z"g£Zt%

lb“ ;' ,m" »,\l,«‘J,ri»ation;il Vn„nK Communjsl OnKmisation

nation?* rBi*niS;,'Mm “ Ca,,cd “ T,k‘ CommuBlfit Youth Inter.

Inter-

0-4.2^toS:S»,Vo,I,,, I-nU'r^tional - ■ section or the
ana is subnnlin-,1,. i„ ” t‘>Kn,st's ,t[t P^Vammc and statutes
Committee. artm,>' “> C.I. and its Executive

i suljordin.-ik- in its actjvi,v

n.c4 ® Msls °r scc,,ons aeco rd

oftho V rii r^,sc uftr,* ser vctlly the progn
a. .. *' • carry out the decisions of it-
*n,J Ksrcutivc Committee.

sections aCiXirdiug to roun*ries*
I’eclly tin* programme and siumtex
<l,i .sums <if its World Congress

All mc it. ms of the N'.t'.I. are called'* " v f-

l-ra**ui* “ ,,1 •)„. . , ‘ . * ’ ounK Lommunisi

nJ"6, ,°r tIk respective country (Sect...,, of the Vounir Com-

, .,n "°.W*y ‘ ‘here be more than one

I. Seo.ten. >.v,s,on w*,th respect to the affiliation of new

,10I>S rests with tin1 Lxecutive Committee -inrl i 1 - *

1 t r' antl "nal decision

11 Ul<' ^Vorltl Congress.

.5- The political activity <>r a Y.C.L. is suborduiate on *.
K ^l scale, to the Communist I’ar-y of the respective countrv
the event of differences the Y.C.L. adheres to the decisions of
. ,L [* and S'.C.L, and places mtemationid discipline ,t«.„.
Jlt‘ona| Part v .tiscipliiu-.

. f)* Anyone w ho recognises the programme and statutes of the
., :,,nal League and th*' \ A .1., who has become a member of one
. ^he nuclei of the l^aj^uc orpanlsatlons, who participates actively
! U-atru,- work, who pays membership dues regularly and carries
VJ -d! decisions of tltc League and the \ .C.L., is etij-ible for
^bcrship.

YOl’Ni; COMMUNIST 1 \ 115 k N AT ION A I

7, l lie U;ims unit \ T -L* factory aiul •

nucleus (in iaviorie*, mines. w.M-kshops, ollu cs, on landed ,
iii residential districts, in rural ili'l riels), to whirl) y jj \ q y
meinlicrs working w residing in thrir localities must het<Jn,, ‘ ’
s. In -ill non-Pftfty mass organisations „f ||K. working a_j
pfUPffU youth (trade unions, sport Leagues, defernc Organic
lions, * uimrat associations, etc.), which have Y.C, Leaguers in
tlu-ir ranks, they are to lie co-ordinated into fractions.

it. The Y.C.J. anil its sections arc constructed on principle*
of democratic centralism. The (Icter min inn principles of demo,
cralic centralism arc : —

(n) Kh-etion of all leading League organs for (he nucleus
Bureau up to the league [Executive at general members’

Labour Party meetings, at district (regional) and nation;, l
Ci -ogresses. The leading organs have to render account at
regular intervals to their members or the elected representa-
tives of same.

(h) Binding recognition of all decisions of the higher
League organs bv the lower organs and tin1 League member*
ship, strict League discipline, prompt and complete carrying
out of the decisions of the Kxenrive of the Y.C.l. and C.I.,
and of the leading League and Party organs.

lc) League and Party questions can be discussed by
League members anil organisations only prior to decisions
with respect to them bv the eompe'ent League organs or by
the E.C. of the Y.C.l/ and C.l. As soon as a decision i*
arrived at concerning any question on the part of one of t iosc
organs, the discussion must s‘op and the decision ,"1"1 '

carried out, even if part of the membership or of the <H,t (
naticxval organisation disagree with the said decision.

Under illegal conditions, appointment of minor
orgnnSg as well as co*oplion endorsed by die hig r ,A*‘
organs are admirable.

The sanction of the E*C. V.C.I, is nccessar> 1,1 ^ ^
new members to the C*C, ,

10. Strict League and Party discipline is
of at! members and organisations of the V *C,L a*1 1 _ w'iib
\ breach of discipline leads to discipline**}' n'

regard to organisations these measures; may be \ uiice>
ffloval of executives and setting up of provisional 1 prgjuflk**
function until a Conference is held, dissolution ° ^ [°

lion and n reorgan i satire of the membership* ^ ofiiCC*
menibers these measures may he : Censures, r< hmnV I m|
conditional and final expulsion. The organise* >'in> righi i0

against whom disciplinary* measures arc taken have

235

Tlu-

STATUTES OF Y.C.l.

a„,, ,1 III. next highest body and the World Congress,
disciplinary measures are in force until they are rescinded,

JL Till: WORLD CONGRESS OF THE Y.C.L

ii* The supreme authority of the Y .CJ. is the World Con*

I 4 f . I . 1 — .. ... — * . L , ..ft . ^ Jtiijkiiil \ V . k. 111 I t i w I'kkC c

il* The supreme authority of the Y#C*1« is the World Coil*
S whieh takes plan , an ;t rule, after every Work! Congress
ie CJ* it h convened by the Executive Committee, Every

* * ■ m* _ * ■ ■ & j. rail i

p ■ ■« * - » ~ III! VI4 «

I he ilc<iii ■:! id detrg.iies must be conncc* i‘d Jn the Leagues

uiifi a thorough preparation *.f the questions In be dealt with at
the U odd Congress,

1,;. I he tin iii Imt r.f volts to which every section is entitled
i' .determined by a ( Ongres* decision based on the mcmbcrshiD

c«L!,ln-.r0‘‘P''°,JVC ^ :“,ht °f ,hc P°lhicai importance of Hs

t he numbers of the Incentive C ommittee of *he V r l „

Tii oi iiifc ..r;:

•; w« •»

cWes the pmgran, mat f « °f thC ■«*»* and dl

•he Y.C.l. and it* LxUois i'' ?rK;,msa'ionaJ Questions of

™tUm -""I f‘>r every member of thJ Y.'<xt. “* *°r CVCr>'

E*nldv;'f ‘mCr*fffnCy U’?r,d ConK-rtss *’«" be convened bv the

;ci tions as had not less than one-haif of \Z “ . U> as, m:,n>'

. ,>rI*l Congress. Consent of the E, c of the V fM l lt .,ast
m every east-. * *C*'* ,s Squired

,,J- Till; executive committee OF the VC I

'6. The Executive Committee of the Y.C.l. is its leading
‘-■'n fof the period between two World Congresses. ft ;t
:tfd at every World Congress bv individual vote. The W,,ri i

*«ri j n n ' « 1 ■ * v* j 1 \ v rt SSCS

"’tied at every World Congress by individual vote. The Work
amp,.*,)* determines each time the number of its regular meet'
* IE* anti candidates.

The Plenum of th'1 l,--C. meets periorlically and guides
■‘M ,nnL. 1 St-iti- of :i 1 i tin* sections of th.* \ r- t

Tin* Plenum of ihv KX\ meets pi-rioclicolly and guides
n'* tonirnls the activity of all the sections of the Y.C.L and the
frying out of the internal ionul de* ft^ decisions are

filing for all sections* 1 lw 1-t.igUus :ire emit let J to appeal

iy6 YOUNG C* >M M l’N 1ST INTERNATIONAL

.gciiiiil I he nr ilitiHloiiN ii» 1 1u* World ( oiigreM's*, However *i
itii Infiiml li> rtiriv *mii Hu m <U« istiMis until ilu-y are nttcmclWit?
the lullrr*

iH, The live* ii live l ommirve bus tin* right to i

modify <|r4 i?iMNiN tiKidr liv League Executives and League c<n
gre«*iW-s

iij. The Kxeeutivi* t itmmiHee Ini* t In* right to expel Lt aim
groupt of Leagues, or individual members who act contrary to ih^
statute, to the decision* of •he Wurld Congress or the Executive
Committer, TIh>h* affected by the decisions of the Kxccutiv
Committee have the tight n* appeal to the next W orld Cong res*

-JO. fill? K,C. flii K from Its midst a Presidium which guides
iiiul CenlmRses the entire political and organisational work of the
K.C. and regulates and controls the carrying out ol t he work
decided upon. The Presidium also distributes the entire work
among the members id the K.C., appoints the representatives in
the various countries and draws into the various sections a staff of
collaborators lor steady work in the various spheres, using also
members of this Mall as t epreseatalivi s of the E.C. in the sections,

1 tie numbers of member'- ami candidates m the Presidium is
determined In the Plenum of the Executive Committee.

2*- The E.C. Appoints from is midst a secretarial to prepare
and carry nut the work of the Presidium, to maintain connections
with other ml i mat inmil organisations am! with members of the
KA\ a broad ant! i*x own delegations, and also for the ml mini stra-
tum of the apparatus of the Executive. The Presidium has the
right to make— whenever necessary — additions and changes in the
cornpOM Tien ot the Secretariat, which must be submitted U> the
KX\ for confirniaiUHt,

-2- Hu* E.C. publishes regularly the central organ of thr
\A ,L the * \ ourtg Communist International*"' At least in all -In
import am 1 nnguag es#

-W 1 he I r, is entitled to establish sub-secretariats in regions
u uKt r.> guidance and control, far the maintenance of relations
u *be section or group of sections, or more effective wor 111
them and control ovei them, as well as for the purpose of supenm
lending the publishing activity- of the V.C.L

f-E *1 he sea * of the E.C, of the \\C.L is the same as that of

the Communist International.

IV. THE ENLARGED EXECUTIVE OF THE V.C.l-

■ 5 ■ 1 Hi- I'.nlnrpcd Executive consists of the mentbtrs

*37

STATUTES OF Y.CI.

.. c am| ,flt. ri'prcs«ntat!ve$ of <h* *ec OWi 1*

" of [Sky* principle and tactic, ih.- of which

cannot Ik- pustpunwl to the regular \\ orld i dogma, It ni»o dia-

Ik- postponed to the regular w orm i ongn-ss. . ...so
lU^.s lilt- current activity of the N •< 4. .«iu1 of its st-ctuim. It
llirrt,, a„ rule, iii connection with every >essH4» *»l tin* Enlnrgctl

Executive of the Comintern.

The Executive tSdmmitlrc and the Presidium <if ihe Ex©*
4 Ul'ne Committee respectively, deride on the i orilposilli n of I lie
Enlarged Executive, the League reprcMrnVnlion and the number
of tepreswnUitivrs.

v. tin; sections nr rm; v.c.i.

-7 The t’etifi.d Committee *-t Mir section'* of th< V.C.L are

under ail obligation |o keep the E.l . tnl»nm .| al«»ul all questions

with (fii ir a. iii iiv. to s.-ml ilu- K,t\ <It.- minute* <»f

*' Its S.-OI.S .iii*! I.e.u*ue material, in k. ,-p retrulnr

■ •>( n vpNtttilriK <* VI ..I, it. ami to report it wgularly ,t least everv
tun months. • k.isi <-i(,ry

«*. league Congresses ran be eonvenc.I K« #i, ■

I;v" l,:Mt with tin- , unseat oj tlx- F C Tb* T **ie

utulei an Obligation to m. ^Lthe V T'H' E/CCU"

wning plenary sessmns <»/the { r - i C ul f«*rih-

Confvrcn j hev are also i t t V'” ' ‘ ‘ r ' ‘ ‘ :tml

all >!.. ma.;^| ZZ^lTf r°rward > fT°od time
enable it to taler up a definite atith^f *?®*f ***s#o«ia, in order to

ami U» *cni1 delegates to tl. 1 ' V t,K‘ ',l'<isions elaborated
,ntli , : (iL *V ' ,w *;ca«ue «nd ‘o Kive advice.

,TI ' ‘UU.d sections of ilu* V t ,
m*-' svtimw, sliuutd establish heiw» ‘ ‘",d ,pnrtlcular!y adjoin.

*-'•« "to*** and exchange ^ir» forma don “"‘n ■*'' C'°8C

mutual reporting, y-aith 2 ^Sd1S^u,.'“

*w*«n the fju-iory nuclei of the various Uu-rn’t

°^of ihcs< measures must be taken ui-|wu,‘ tfu. wns^TlTtT
without its guidance and control, 1 °* ”Ie

to, certain number *>f sections of the V C I f i
Wtvltjr tlijs is expedient (for instance, the Balk-m r V. lnSL’i0,'n*
f<,r ivliict, practical and political considerations nn<l

*lia a ted action, can. with the consent of the K. c of the V C
p :,f federation working under the guidance nod control of iht’

. .H. V.C.L, s must also pursue their activity illegally. Them.

timely preparations must be made by them. In 'j(S control
0vCr the ahUiated sec-ions, the E.C. must bear i„ mind the

ms YOUN0 COMMUNIST 1 NTKU NATION AI

*il *«!■<> of their illegal existence, a tid must give \hvn\

Mi|)puri in this preparatory work* ,ltmos|

Jj. Y,l\L; iiirmhers < aminl \ i^ii mi hi! her country withe
tvoscni ol 1 heir iVnlnil tommiuer. Members lea v in r°Ut.^lc
count t v wdhmd the consent and mandate of *he (J*C j -r

laatou muat Itot be received by IWJ other section n| t(u. V r'V'
ThoW who have changed their abode must report * hemsdv
tile V ,C,U in the ‘Oiimiy uhere they have settled, in uri|tT
registered there* 30

* ■1111%' i »1 M m ■ - II i m n * T ■ j i i II | || | | | I | "It* | ^

league mu*! itoi be received by any o liter section n| tju, y qj
Those who have changed their abode mast report ■iin,Kili

VI. IN TEH NATIONAL COMMUNIST CIIII DREN’S

MOVEMENT.

53- In older to provide working class children with a Com-
munis: education and to draw them into the struggle of the
working c!a>s, Young Commtmist Lcapues are establishing ill ai]|
countries l ommimist tliitdren\ Organisations, which work under
the control of the Young Communist League of the country.

rite l\A\ guides and controls tile

work ot the Communis:

Children's Organisations through its

I nlemal tonal Children’s

ftlllTUU'

VII. THE FINANCES OF THE Y.C.I.

34- i he ^ A .L secures money from membership dues, profits
com its publish ang activities, special assessments and contribu-
lions. The money is nso I for t Ik- upkeep of the organisational
apparatus of the \ A , L, for agitation and education, and fof die
support of the weaker sections.

35* Every member of the Y*C.L. must pay five American
cents annual h in an interna* unud assessment. The sections to*
gvther with tL K A \ must see iti the rolkction of this membership

assessment and its transmission a* the E*C*

Jb- I he \ A .L treasury is administered by’ the secretariat of
the Executive Committee. The finances of the JLC. and its sub-
M'cretariats, the publishing houses, ami the individual sections
ctm: rolled b'* an intern a tional auditing commission elected by tlu

World Congress.

VIII.

57- Wording &<> the decisions of the Herne Youth Conference
in li\' ->* iini\ of the h irst Congress of the Y.G.U an Interna* ion:'

? 1Ml,h. celebrated annually on the iirst Sunday in Septum*

byr, l he political lint and the international slogans on this oeea'
sum are determined by t lie E,C.

All sections of the Y.C.I. arc in dutv bound to make tlw
International Yomb Day a powerful demonstration of the
Communist International, and to utilise it at the same time
the education of their members and the working youth in genera .

Thesis of the Fifth World Congress of the
Y.C.I* on the Question of Sport Work

1, INTRODUCTION.

I- rum die point of view of the class struggle, our work among
the masses of worker sportsmen is important : for tin reason

I |t.|| tt„. j.pnrl organ i vat ions cmisliuilr an important tuld and
olijt*iT of the Struggle for the youth between the proletariat ami
{hi* hiHirguoi^tc bind also between t \ and IvHormism) ;

because flic ^p«>re or^ini^lbns, pjijriivulsirb in the countries in
whin It die b«nirgCfiiM4* is cJIri ling military «'i,,iins arc an import-
;iii t fink in the sy.slcm id fnifiiurism and of bourgeois military*
f raining, Mini Iks.-in r the bourgeoisie mt rrasinglv exploits them
ms a inruns id slritggk* against the class -conscious strata of the

profciari.il aurf as a means increasing the exploitation of the
workers (company sport clubs)*

l-rum lilt- paint of view of transforming otic Leagues Into
revolutionary mass organisation,^ (|»e systematic activity of the
lommimist youth niuniig ihe young workers engaging in sport is
nuiii 'tarn m luo 1 1 \vjx*i is : j i) for oiir Leagues the workers* sport
ergamsata.n, are one of the most important sources for the mass
, I , ,, "w V. T‘w members ; (2) they are one of the best channels
' 1 u 1 1 *,r masses of working-class youth may hr
^ (,V «“*• »-«-• No other labour orga^tion

• . V *he working youth on such a mass scale as the workers’
rl !i,,,'|eties. Tin- ref ore, gaining influi ncc in these or rani va-
rious and the capturing of tlu-ir Executives is one of the most
unportant means in the struggle of the Voung Communist Leagues
!or ,h<' leadership of and influence over the majority of rhe work
,nK youth. ' 1 |

1!- INCH EASED ACTIVITY OF THE BOURGEOISIE

ON THE FIELD OF SPORT.

Lucent years have been characterised by an increased
^tuicavour to bring the masses of the toiling' youth under the
influence of bourgeois iilealogy by' means p( sp*Mt and sport
ltrkrnni sat ions : establishment of new bourgeois spun organisations
f>I Ihe most varied kinds in a number of countries: company sport
'’tubs iin(| socalled la1?oiir sport introduced on a largo scale in
many countries; intensification of the efforts of the bourgeoisie
to wm over llic' school children by means of sport ; militarisation
of llic youth conducted with the aid oi sport (in the schools anil

YoUNf. COMMUNIST I NTtiK NATION Al,

through the String lfn-1 nng of milit.ny ti. lining sport organ’
tilin’*. Inti'fi-ifirnlinn <>l propaganda aclivil* in bourn,., ,jft , ,Ml'

(huge sji.nl supplements in tlie capitalist press, whichu
circulated by tin- millions)’; in. reused organisation of Var- ,s
public sport events on a local, national ami inK-matto"^
•ealt*. There is a boon in the bourjpoi* spurt mnvrmnu :in,?N

strengthening of the iiitturiHe «f the hourg* ,.isi, within the sport
QlWWllMitions. Ibe number » I young workers who arc ,
in fluenec* I by bourgeois sport is likewise growing. although £
some I'm m tries the workers* sport oiganis.,tion have split away
from tile bntugcois Orgnni&.HJons, au«l in other countries •

_ w. * 1

split in nbiiul 10 hike place*

III, SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND SPORT.

The activity uf the N**-ial Dvrocenu > and *»f the Luortir
Spmtmtcrn Wits strengthened ill rCCCItt years in three directions;
(i) ih;ir[k'nri| tdfeivsivr a^.iivi^l the mlliti-nt e * t t In* ( tmimuni>fy in
the workers' spurt organisal inns with the aim of isolating the
Communists (by means of expulsions ant) splits) from the masses
of workers engpigctl in sport ; (-*) establishment of or^anis^ttiofinl
collaboration between the Lucerne Sport organisations am) thr
Social organisations and the Sts ral Dnnorr u yt especially with the
Socialist youth organisations ; (.;) dilution of the class character
of the workers' sport movcmrnt and strengthening of the col*
laboration with the bour^coisiiv

IV, ACTIVITY or THE Y.C.'L. AMONG THU YOUNG
WORKERS ENGAGED IN SPORTS.

I hr Fifth i\m -tv-' i f iht YA L dc* lares ihnl the
of the Fourth Work! Congress anti of the various plenary meetings
of the EX'. YX\ L, regarding the tasks of the young Communist
orgiinkktions on tin* fir Id of spurt were m t jjiven suflicient amo-
tion In the majority 4if the Kcctinns of the \ ^ *L (Cu-rniann
Otcho-Slovakia. \ufitris i in I'.,-’,' , Sweden ;m<l others). Alt
exception is the work -of tin- Hriti-h. Finnish and KOTW****
The passivity of the Voting ( Vmnuinisl I.cagu** .

ficl<) <>t sjiort work is not merely S shortcoming, hut a P®L_

' iT,,r* “ ‘ 1 1 »f \ sei| ucnv< < * t ho tin i )< * r- 1 * v t [ i ua t i 1 1 < I this v 1 - -v
I,n k of comprehension of how in conduct mass work.

Activity amonj; the sport youth and the winning of the ' „
“ worker sportsmen is first of all an affair anti task <>/ **•* ‘'.u
Communist Leagues. The Fifth Congress consiih r- it a*,so (Uf
necessary that, from the point of view of the contact «» .

Leagues with the masses of the working youth a> well ^
the point of view of the satisfaction of the interests a11** “c

' SPORT WORK

I 1., '"'XI v cT. s.hn"f:‘.

. i i. develoomcnl wio HoNii1' h* n,', : h ...

to that which, in tnt u tl<vcl 1 t jn ,,arl. are still

lions, the Communist Parties had to make, and |
making, with respect to trade union work.

V. SOM I; TACTICAL QUESTIONS.

,0 Tfii’ workers' sport organ is... ions arc broad mass
organisations *if the w.-rk:ng-< la^s ,tn«I it l»* **M>r« <*n , * <>rr«^

i* rwiuirc. as a condition for eligibility to membership m the
uorkers- sp*.r> org.misaii. »s. membership m the trade unions.
Vhv tumlrnry fow;i nL I lac? iNfuMi%!uii€*ll( t f sfK^isif trade Union
s j>. >rf t lufiN, v\hi* h ;if r ■ r^.tus tif (fir f r#|f It- Ullii IIS, ami will not
ailirtil worker sfutrlMira-n who it rr n* ! trade union members, is It>
Im* .’witih.tNcd, Tlir Murki*f>‘ fcpiiif MS'irfies Ifiusf work lor the
rf< w’Jujtjri n! *d die t Li'Sd miv t’Hi>ncss of ihrir inumlirrv, ff>r iticir
rnir.iric i* info this* fradu imi.ms, making tin- closest contact with
thu trath unions,, jmrtu jp:m'n^ in the siru^Jes of the workers—
>.3' the\ t.mno!, and e mjvI moi, transform ihemsHves into organa
“ *"* unions. In the existing trade union -sport group

wt rttis! i! ndes providing that workers who are not

Jf-ntMW0fi fnemiirrs jre barred from jo:nrng^ such societies. The
ernwtrim oi werkers spnr* societies accord Jnjf to occupaiion
mi un i r\ and * ri the basis of the factory, must be supported by

f^S I ftu u/Tnisivc of the reformists in the workers’ s|>orf move-
mi r,/B Vv^l;< ^ is rnttv one of the attack **f the reformists

1 !|M tin1 revolutionary elements in the labour movement, cannot
sHikxl bj t ompromiM s and cocio's^ions. Sn onj^er or^anisa-
ns'rt- intensive work amonfT the membership for our sk^*ms
;jnH gainst attempts to split and expulsions — this must be our
frpb to the attacks of the agents of ihc Sixdal Democratic Party

m workers’ sport or^iini sal tons.

(;) The affiliation of workers' H(>«>rt clubs to bourgrois >Porr
="-d;„bns countries with a developed labour movement, where
1 w arc as vet no independent workers' tport_nwecmt«*.os. musr
f. lin.it..! to the fhortet possil.h- tln». „ 'fc

sport orKt.nitwt.on, lor too Iw t,^ ,"r J.l

tho Krot.o.1 of the ttCCCM.ty

ists-ilth. iiimtltrr of .vorkrrs- sport Clote for . p.tr ^

hr separation Timm j^ciatimis constitutes the best ap»-
n«li'pcn*k.nt workc« workers' sport clubs and for their wllh-

'' >» for winning over Hi* f t3o_fc

'hnwal from the bouojec^ n|||R p,ays a big rOIe also in the

(4) The control of tnc PP '

i* VOUNc: communist I ntkrn A T I AL

s|HMl organisations, ami it is very important for „,.r

control the leadership ami Mr- apparatus {editorial boarda^lSnut*^

|>i >mI iivns, etc.). Hilt this work imiM pro, •«■»>«! on ,j„'.

I*, t mv|< nr nn. I syMimnlic struck- Hi,- demands ;im,

"I tin- revolutionary workers' sport movement n,,,, , !rc'
mn enough to control tin* leadership, without, at Uu> >
carrying out the nee, -wiry pnltt teal work among the uivmt,, , s '*"*•

(5) •' is "®* »!»*«>•* necessary to .a is,- il„‘- tiU,-siimi , j ‘in*,
t ion to tin* R.S.I. imiiR-iliati-h ilu* le.ukishm of-, w.irL-.-r •' ' li,‘

.1 . . * . I 1 M utii Kirs \nn,t

orgniivutiriii Is in the hands . ( the supporter* uf ihv R S J V,

#'i ii 4 m m u. Pijtii ■ 4 1 I L I it ■ I i j m, & 1^4." I1 ■ I 1

quest ion ol afldiuiinn in the R.SJ. is dependent upon various
tactical and political fa, loo. We must carry on « ,IM>st (.xp.nsi !S
at; it ill inn am.uig Ilu- memUm. in 1 Ii*- respective organ i*,,jons_?
to. till- R.S.I., fur its principles and policy, fur tl„- international
inui i ut the workers’ sport movement ; we must expose tin* l, ;t,li-r.
sliip anil policy ol the J..S.I., arrange joint meets, hut only rai-
lin' quest inn of allilia tinn after due ennsidcrtition of all taetieal
factors, when it has hen sufficiently popularised and prepared r,)r
the mrmbvrship.

(b) I* hr policy of eiutu;ivouniiLf to vied mcmljors of tin- r P
id <I« i idv mill tl c h.-jvi Irrship «, 1 j ilu* workers* sport < r^onist*
tions, is incorrect. We must strive to win non-Parly young
worker Sportsmen into active championship of the principles of

1 he revolutionary workers' sport movement hy their participation
in (he leadership.

(7J I he demands of workers* sport organisations for financial
and ns hiiH .d-spoi i aid from various Stale or^nrts, parliaments and
municipalities is only *t\ the condition that the class

cltarai Jrr of the respective workers* sport organisations chilli not
fiM' a momt'tii lie weakened thereby. Having requests for support
from the Slate upon arguments of a philanthropic nature (** V\V
01 U to better the health of the people,'* etc*) which wipe nut* tin*
clavs character of ilu* workers* sport movement, is to be con*
sirtertd an Opportunistic mistake. Participation in various State
sport enterprises, is to 1>c rejected.

VI. TASKS IN THE SPORT ORGANISATIONS

(*^ ITic aims that we set ourselves in our activity anM'iig

youth efipged in sport are the following ; Winning all l***HJr

organisations for the programme and demands of the revolution-

:ir\ Workers* sport movement (Red Sport International); d rawing
m of iht- M * irLri Ti. * i. IS.CIl'K- 1 n . _ .. t -A* 1 l !. . . * I t Ii 1 b. in all

r • ' 1 " rvjWJ-Jl I IHVMWHVI twttr *

111 of the workers* sport organisations and association ft in
Struggles of the uorkiug-f lass, csspei iallv in the economic
s (|>i' ket duly, courier service, defence corps , eh*)*

111 till, ,tru.r.d.. ! . ,1 . . . .. . ... 1 flL'.SU

’ " ’ i ■ mtiviu 1 ucivih

Itn the struggle against the menace of imperi
■ us are attained by means of :

SPORT WORK 243

(a) The ittoet active participation ^ u ^j!’ W|,jch

youth In tl"- 'li‘> l,> day P^winnin^ the^nfidcnce of the
has same imi»rtancc f«. k (|)is;ili,m> ;is h«*

u>lmK vvmk,rs m ,, * - wionintf over the

** . . i, ;il ,he trade unions !Or wiiming

thi* Prai tu:' * 7 , unioos> The >|)»rt organisations can-

resolutions Irom time t« time, and motions on occn^ional qtu s-

tions of sjHirt work). ,

(M | men si vc MruKgle agninst thr tendencies for the

politictd neutrality of the workers’ sport organisations and

lh.* so-e«lleil " pure and simple sport movcmnU.

in» the Iwisis <*l runerfte examples and exp.-rii-iu es. In all

workers' sporl firganistili, us tltere ruiisi l»e * iiriii'd < n a

systcinai it |t;iin:nj; a*'tivity <»t mentluTs anil ollieials along the

llllt1 nf I hr 1 l.i>s ^li Uggh *

(t \ Si 1 11 1; jj iv l-tr ;t m;t v I mum t.l proletarian dumocfUtCV
eligibility of rkvikin i*» Ewi ulivr^, right e the membership
t» 1 ditcrniiiM all imp-Tlanl ^uolifiiiH, and the widest possible
independent'!'1 cf (lie varinu^ organisation^, sports and
depart nn*l»t

(i/l Iniroduetinn * i t lie elements of proletarian defence
training in the workers' sport organisations; (circles, sharp-
shooting detarhiiit iitst protection of labour demonstrations,
where there are no special defence organisation^! etc.).

ft-) At livt- t -i Elaboration in I lie labour sport press and in
ffie sporl supplements of the labour press.

(f) Intensive recruiting activity of all Y*C. L.’s among
the worker unci peasant youth for their entrance into the
worker*’ sport organisations.

U) While uninterruptedly fighting the bourgeois sport
organisations a^ instruments of the bourgeoisie in the class
struggk1, wc must develop intensive work within workers* sport
organisation* affiliated to bourgeois federations for their separa-
tum fmm the bourgeoisie, and for Creation of, or a fill iat ion with
workers* sport federation s. The Fifth Congress instructs the

Sections of tin- v.C.l. t<> fosu-r and support in every way the
establishment of imlcpcndcnt ivork. i-’ st>ort federations, especially
in Sweden, Yugoslavia, Greece, Denmark, Hungary, Lithuania,
Bulgaria. Ron mania, China, Japan. Canada and Mexico.

Work must he undertaken also in the existing neigh bourhood
sport Huhs -,nd s< * i> • < '<** •" «’hk-h there arc many workers and
employee* '{Great Britain and America). In these clubs wo must

,iW“\Vc must also Mrcrgll.cn U.c figM rgnirsi .he .prr. orgnnl-

iH voung communist international

Mljoo*. in loimn linn with the varirtus fdigiousi Mki .
wftlrh air vcty ftcilvr, f

In the rrfuriiiiM *i| m * 1 1 ur giUMsuliuns tlw Y,£t
run) mil (tie following tn»k^;—

Development of n persistent ami intensive wmk
the nuNNrs of t hr members of the Lucerne Sections
mrrl* with U S. I* units, for the establishment nf unit y^*1]
agamsi the policy of treason and splitting conducted by

trailers of the L.S.I., and a i atnpaigu against the inilky BbS
ihi' whole system of reformist work in the workers’ *
in grimMilioiH on ibe basis <n concrete cxnmph-s, [>artieu7arT
in inch qucilioos as are obvious !o the worker upon sme t
* fomiCi \un\s with the imperialist League or Xatious
kiUirathm with l he bour^eoUie (in municipal sfHirt mctK
|oint sport committees, p;i*Mvi*y towards <om|Mm >porj
ihihst prohibition ol games with 4t Russian team*,** prohibi*
lion or p irneijwittoil in the Moiixtw spariakiadt-, establish*
men! of org.misal kinal contact unit the Social Democrats
Hi1.)* '

I he centre of gravity id the work of the R.S.I. adherents in
the L.K.L must lie among (he masses of worker sportsmen loan
even greater decree than previously ; exi hangv of letters and
negotiations with the headquarters is to be restricted to a
minimum.

Opposition work within the L*S«I< Sections must be
organised (fractions, systematic direction, organisation, opposi-
tion organs, con f citAOtli etc.), and the limits of oppositional
movement must In* cxlrruUd tar beyond the borders of the Pariv
and Y,(M, fractions*

Joint meets must also be organised on a local scale and
against the will of th« central bodies of the I*. S. I * Sections* For
thr strengthening of the struggle for uitilv wc must exploit on a
\\Me scale the results and the joint activity of the L*S»L and
S I. inv miters in the Moscow Spartakiade*

l he reformist content and met hot! s of the educat tonal work

th< L.S.I, Sections (Helsingfors decisions) must be sharply
combatted by us.

Special attention must be devoted by the Leagues to the win*

mns nt ,hc >outh departments of the L.SJ, Sections.

^T11* R-S.I. And its Sections and supporters ate oon*
fronted with the following tasks:—

V,K tasks in the y.c.l. organisations.

lolkwinL *1S^S *n Young Communist organisations arc

SK)RT WORK a4S

ori-u*- or a* *r •< £ “^5^, rwl,y

»f * su,,ly 01

; • 1... ..f .v,. World Congress.

the cUv.Morw Ul Ihe World ‘ ^Zkn^iio^ groups, rtt .

MO educational work m the or^.mx.t » . k I

(ojwctally tlic ii.sk of combatting company sport*), an

l,W ^Frequent carrying out of our tasks, on the sport

field, at the plenary nuttings of the t < s, and At nalwiu

conferences and congresses.

Creation of an apparatus for sport work. In every cent ml,
district, ami Imal » .mimitlee, there must lie sport commissions or
department heads lei s[sui vv.uk. vvh.. eaiefully keep track Ol all
events am! developments in the spoil urjjmii^tiuOS, who

tljrt'i t (hr >pori work. H*ta ■'jHirt work must not evolve into u
dt'f Mfl i Hen bd mailer, but mil si be dealt with frequently in the
inmnifttees. With ns just to ih* direction of the ^|M>rt fractions,
the closest rolkibif.it h »n must lx* established with (lie Party* It is
desirable, fur ihe teiilral dim t ion **f the ( oimmiiust Party and
V.C. k spori work ,i% a whole, b» establish jnint central comm is*
i dons for work under the Party C*C. (eonijjosed of repre*

sen ta lives ! the 1 of the V.C.L,, Org, Department of the
F^irtv, and the heads of the Party and Youth fractions in the
sf>orl organ isal ions) *

Increasing the percentage of Y.C.L. members who are
organised and active in the sport bodies* The* overwhelming
majority of our membership must be organised in the sport
bodies, riie I i agues must set to it that I heir members take an
a. live part in ihe sjwirt activities of the workers' organisations.

Oration of a network of fractions in all workers' sport
organisations: in those which have not yet separated from the
taiurgcois bodies, in the L.S.L organisations, m the R.S.L Sec-
lions, in the company spin! clubs, and, above all, in the special
youth groups and departments of the sport associations. The
sport fractions are built on the same plan as the trade union frac-
linn* : they arc a part of the Party fraction for the conduct of
Work among young worker sportsmen and for tl.c c.irr) ii.j^ out
of the instructions of the Y.C.L. From time to time there must
Ih- ronsultntions and conferences of the sport fractions on a

national and district scale.

Introduction of *(Xirt activity in nil legal and illegal Leagues

and in snort generally (various ball games, r.ices, out mg'*,
hiking cSintr. Sc.). The spore activity of the v.« .L. members

organisation take* place m accordance with the

2 r H' ) iC -im ninc and livening the internal life of our orKamsa-
po'tcy of boghten i. circumstances lead to tin* creation of

I Is i -r m. j * 1 m tt **(, U**,u 1

lions, and must

M6 Ytvn\fC COMMUNIST INTKRNATIONAI,

hit sfHirl groups or sport si ciions nf the < otnmunisl youth
urn ■mrl of ** com pel ii ton *' with the workers' spurt organic

1 iim** Within thite Htniis *port nativity sha It aku I** introduced
into organisations of tfafr lypCI of Ihc Junior Red Front. ,
litnl ^ | ** » r t training ami activity of Y.C*i,* members must \i
cuirird on in the workers* sport organisation*.

From the point of view ot their transformation into nvass
, lions, as well as from life point oi view of winning lHrr
worker sportsmen and I hr livening up of the contents of OUr
Press, tlu* la ague newspapers must deal with the questions of
sport work and sport activity io a much greater extent than in
ihe pash

.initiation of the V.C.Ls to the local cartels of the workers1
sport ami cultural federations even though only with a consulta-
tive voice — now existing in certain countries (Uermany) and
active participation in them. An intensive propaganda and a
struggle is to Ik1 conducted in the workers’ sport and Cultural
organisations for the admission of the Y.CAL. into such local
cartels.

Hslablishmcnt of collaboration between the Y,(\L, an d the
Workers' sport sot ir lies, particularly with the youth sport depart-
ments (exchange of invitations to public affairs, arrangement nf
joint recruiting campaigns for the workers' sport society or the
youth department, joint outings, c.g. ( with the " Friends of
Nature." Manifestoes and appeals art the part of the Y.C.k
addressed to the entire toiling youth calling upon l hem to take
pari in the affairs arranged by the workers* sport organisation,

Co Unbora lion and seizure of the initiative in the establish-
ment of dose relations between the u^rkers' sport organisations
and the trade unions, the raising of the question of trade union
support in every way for labour sports* If is especially important
that there be established close connection and collaboration Ik**
iwitn the workers" sport organisations (anti youth departments)

and the youth sections and vuuth committees of the trade unions.

VIII. STRCGGLE AGAINST THE COMPANY SPORT

MOVEMENT.

I In* empoyers and ihcir organisations, and ihe municipal
ami State authorities, are proceeding with the organisation of fac-
tory -ind official sport clubs in <>r,!.T to hinder the develop men I of
the flass-consriousness of the workers and to withdraw
workers from tbc influence of the class organisations, while
making necessary preparations for the introduction of industrial
peace, in all countries and in all branches ,.f industry. .

The purpose and tasks of these company and Governmental

SPORT WORK

nrt. the following: (■»

10 against lay-o»N / ' ' ' ( j makifl£ Ihc

Srs^rStc emiioycrs them from

workers .inactive in the ‘lass k- an;s;i1i„ns), weakening the

class struggle and from n() petering the bottrg«»s sport move-
workers’ s,»rt soc.ct.cs and f*.^ £ Uy (lf l)lc workers (cor-
« . I A rAisucifif of the prOOUC . kAMWititicRiion of sport

that " all men ?rc equal T^Aorv tuM. co-pony dub

das* collaboration m t{ * » , ' employers1 welfare

F.«ciSm; («) «<* “

Severn ^f military Lining; C.) cm. m.-r posing ypprentucs
.,n,I adult workers (by means of special organisations for appren-

t ices) .

( he i a. lies of the Y.C.I.. in fighting this weapon of the em-
ployers against the working class must be the following:

j he combatting of company spirts is not only an affair of
the sport organisations and of the youth, but of the entire labour
movement. In the actions against company sports there must be
drawn into active participation, apart from the Party and youth*

• . t . # . , . ..1. L * . ....-t tfllt fill*

I'"'1" *** 1 1 1 v MHUM ” — -

groups. The chief basis for fighting company sP°rt^
the adequate activity of the nucleus in all fields o

ts must lie in
ork-

4m, * «.

/S.

MS votwri COMMUNIST I NT1?R NATIONAL

♦ ili«v and especially when their organisation is being planned
miivi mobilUe ill folVCi (PWy and Y.l\U group*, facto rv
mittCtilii (rude unions, shop papers, workers' sport clubs,
(WlOfllltl meeting*, Party and trade union Pres*) in orderin'

make l lu’ii fittnwiiioii impost hie.

Wherever there are already company sport clubs and
recess gym Hit sties, wc must above all direct the simple against
ihe contpulsl>r\ part iripa t |mm nt the workers in the affairs of ihrM,
Inti itu lions* In those eases where the company (and especially
the Government) sport organisations have a truly broad mass
eh a rartcr, where participation is enforced by any sort of durt-v^
nr where the employers succeed in veiling the yellow character of
the organ! mi lion, ho that even elnss-eonscious workers are
attracted by these organisations, it is a mistake to confine our
>elvrs solely to com twit ting them from (he outside.

While constantly unmasking the company sports organisa-
tion^ as instruments of the employers against the working class,
and while at all times emphasising our point of view of hostility
to them in principle, wc must in such cases simultaneously con-
duct disintegrative work inside the company sport organisations.
For this reason out members, and by agreement also some mem-
bers of the workers' sport bodies and trade unions who know
their job, must \w sent into the company sport units for the pur-
pose of organising fractions of class-conscious elements, disin-
tegrating the company sport clubs and winning over their mcm-
l hu s for affiliation with the workers' sport organisations on the
of a struggle tor the following slogans and demands: —

(a) Democrat! sat ion of the company sport clubs (elec-
tion of executives* right of the members themselves to decide
matters, regular holding of membership meetings, etc.),

(b) Countering the agitation and work of I he cm-
plovers and their agents (sport instructors, individual propa-
ganda, dissemination of Party, factory, labour sport and
trade union press* CO- reporters and speakers at various let -
lures, etc,).

(d) Countering of the efforts to affiliate the company
sorts' bodies to bourgeois sport federal ions, or agitation
withdrawal front the latter* propaganda for affiliation to ^
workers’ sport bodies, and for the joint arrangement o m^c

wuh the workers* sport federations.

SVOUT WORK

2 V>

Sit'tltvi * t

i ivf the company sport

«Mia "< : \ c worker, (tmrl#

IO tl

anti

,,■1 Aiumn'"*1 r lhc w

, he class *p«t organi^uon*
li-Fascifti organ'**""** cU -)-

uni,.i.-*«ciw «*** required the organic-

I-.,, ,1..- a0..,n,0,-.0 ^ ^

, member* «* *he clM* ' ** ' ILhi.. tin bractlee under

:;"2JSTi^w .... «~r"»,'sr,'SS5r

.... mmm» ?' •• +A* *• •+* “= ■

STS«M» ot 0„l*i be

ST" ^SSTStSj! !*.£ company

its further activity will be in.nK }

„ir. ,I1C tendency towards iHc

5- 1 n f1'"1'?1 rT*Zn organisations on a factory basts, m

creation of workers sport oik e*j*l the necessary pre-

Inrgc «iitcrprise*» mines. u.^rkers' sport organisations

s2X •£« fj-

Z:.- , m' i .bara.„r. I, o

because thereby the class-conscious par

separated from the backward mass contained m the company
sport body.

0. Recess gymnastics Ve to be viewed as one of the links in
rationalisation, which we must fight as a phenomenon which in-
tensifies the exploitation of ihe workers. We must especially
conduct a struggle against the compulsory introduction of recess
gymnastics. Nevertheless, in so far as this is introduced, the
participation of the workers in these exercises during -working'
hours, must l>e met by the following demands i Full pay by I ,L
employer for time lost during exercises, higher wages for
provemeni of nourishment, shortening of the working day i *
in a word, full compensation for the labour-power expert -
die workers through die recess gymnastics.

7* Wc must demand that all public sport afTlu>t b«-

nasi u ms, as well as those of the company k ^ 0rkcr> 1 sport
freed for general use; especially the right o _
organisations to utilise them must be foug 1

^ , a i RlfllCrll

'til *v»* ^ I KJ Li I * p I </> V_ V«*t *

^ of (he trade uta(>n

8- The passivity of the refori”^ (he question

»> V

panv sports muM Uc « ^ r|t|io,KI,i^..OM » ^

"on m the con*°,Mrtl fnr thr comtarniV of V,v h.,vc the pur-
Tl,.. fiueM'O^ ^ will not orib I..I.0 111! iicd

P-v sports

h»n in the the combat **G °r 11 . |11|VC tiu pur-

•Iho r^i.inp of ■r’Tr^-t. rf.kTop“*

* "'o «ort>->" : h, !«• ", '1 'P°

fx.s,- of forcing. J^urjrcoi. “«"P- *

struggle ag*'pSl

. O.. ^ iH

35o yorxr, com min 1ST ixti-rxatioxai,

moMiiM iit," bur .’s.|H»>ir«K then, an.) llu-ir ji.is-.iv,- attitude ;,na
ifJlicliint'c In enfra^*' it' teal similes.

q. Our t-rn ir«- Press (w'Utli, Parly, Iratlv union am) sj
jiapent, eh.), tmisi |>att>slnkm»;U all facts aliout the an(;

wurkinj; class ami capital's! cHnriuicr of the company
or^anlsalions, ilisseininaliiiK anil ulilisiny this <lni;, ;n , .

agitation against i-oinpany >|»n Is.

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